Confidentiality Agreements Research Articles

PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH IN CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS OF TRADE SECRET INFORMATION

This study aims to determine the category of agreement on confidentiality of Trade Secret Information in the perspective of contract law, Good Faith Criteria, and Legal Consequences for Disclosure of Trade Secrets in Confidentiality Agreement. Study results: (1). The category of confidentiality agreement based on its arrangement includes an anonymous agreement (not regulated in the Civil Code); according to the method of preparation including standard agreements (determined unilaterally by the owner of the Trade Secret) based on the principle of freedom of contract; is a formal agreement, namely the confidentiality agreement occurs not only in an agreement but also stated in a deed (under the hand); and in written form, namely Confidentiality Agreement; (2). The criteria for good faith based on the doctrine of subjective good faith and objective good faith are not disclosing Trade Secrets but Law no. 30 of 2000 does not explicitly regulate so that the criteria for good faith relate to the obligation to keep confidential referring to Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code and doctrine or expert opinion. The legal consequences of disclosing a Trade Secret give rise to the right of the owner of the Trade Secret to take legal action, both litigation and non-litigation.

Overview of temporary radioxenon background measurement campaigns conducted for the CTBTO between 2008 and 2018

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) specifies that an overall network of at least 40 International Monitoring System (IMS) stations should monitor the presence of radioxenon in the atmosphere upon its entry into force. The measurement of radioxenon concentrations in the air is one of the major techniques to detect underground nuclear explosions. It is, together with radionuclide particulate monitoring, the only component of the network able to confirm whether an event originates from a nuclear test, leaving the final proof to on-site inspection.Correct and accurate interpretation of radioxenon detections by State Signatories is a key parameter of the verification regime of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). In this context, the discrimination between the highly variable radioxenon background generated by normal operations of nuclear facilities and CTBT-relevant events is a challenging, but critical, task. To this end, the radioxenon background that can be expected at IMS noble gas systems must be sufficiently characterized and understood. All activities conducted to study the global radioxenon background are focused on the calibration and performance of the verification system as described in the Treaty.The unique CTBTO noble gas system network is designed to optimally covering the globe. By the end of 2019, 31 systems were put in operation, 25 of which being already certified. It took two decades from the first experimental setup of noble gas system in the field to reach this stage of maturity. In the meantime, it was an urgent need to gain empirical evidence of atmospheric radioxenon concentrations with the full spectrum of characteristics that IMS noble gas systems may be observing. This experience was significantly advanced through temporary measurement campaigns. Their objective was to gain the additional necessary knowledge for a correct understanding and categorization of radioxenon detections. The site selection for these campaigns put emphasis on regions with low coverage by the initially few experimental noble gas systems at IMS locations or where potential interferences with normal background might be observed.Short-term measurements were first initiated in 2008. Sites of potential interest were identified, and campaigns up to few weeks were performed. Based on the findings of these short campaigns, transportable systems were procured by the CTBTO. Longer temporary measurement campaigns were started afterwards and operated by local hosts in different regions of the globe. Site selections were based on purely scientific criteria. Objectives of the measurement campaigns were continually reassessed, and projects were designed to meet the scientific needs for radioxenon background understanding as required for nuclear explosion monitoring.As of today, several thousands of samples have been collected and measured. Spectra of temporary measurement campaigns were (and are still) analysed in the International Data Centre (IDC). As they are not part of the CTBT monitoring system, no IDC product is generated. Analysis results are stored in a non-operational database of the CTBTO and made available, together with raw data, to authorized users of States Signatories through a Secure Web Portal (SWP) and to scientific institutions for approved research projects through a virtual Data Exploitation Centre (vDEC) after signing a cost-free confidentiality agreement (https://www.ctbto.org/specials/vdec).This paper aims at providing an overview of the temporary measurement campaigns conducted by the CTBTO since the very first field measurements. It lays out scientific results in a systematic approach. This overview demonstrates the asset of radioxenon background measurement data that have been collected with a wide variety of characteristics that may be observed at IMS stations. It bears a tremendous opportunity for development, enhancement and validation of methodologies for CTBT monitoring.In 2018, a campaign started in Japan with transportable noble gas systems in the vicinity of the IMS station RN38 in Takasaki. It will be described separately once the measurements are completed.

Political Power and Neocolonialism of Vaccines: The Exercise of the Word and the Human Act

This paper analyzes the situation generated by the unequal distribution of vaccines that -at the international level- has occurred in the framework of the epidemic generated by COVID-19. For this, the concepts of «act» and «word» derived from the theoretical-political theses of Hannah Arendt (1993) are used, with which it was sought to evidence the situation of neocolonialism of vaccines derived from this situation, from the philosophical deconstruction to raise the urgent consequence of neocolonialism in health, which allowed us to infer how Human Rights are not the central axis of the national and state discourses or praxis of the government systems of countries with more stable and stronger economies, since the decisions and behaviors reflect the interests of the main actors of the National States that have economic support for the large-scale purchase of vaccines against COVID-19. Which in turn are the protagonists of a sociopolitical phenomenon that can be categorized as global health neocolonialism, which is presented as a phenomenon of neocolonialism that began with the confidentiality agreements signed between the States of the countries and the pharmaceutical corporations, inside or outside COVAX in the year 2020. Concluding that the massive purchase of vaccines was subject to an exclusivity character to acquire the batches, where some factors of discrimination or non-inclusion are revealed, affirming that COVAX did not comply with the purpose for what was initially created.

A User Agreement, a Confidentiality Agreement: Content Features in the context of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies

Artificial Intelligence technologies have a wide scope of application, in particular, they are used to process large amounts of information; these technologies constitute one of the elements of Big Data. In the information environment, conclusion and execution of a user agreement and confidentiality agreement are of particular importance. These agreements form a reliable means of regulating the information interaction between their parties. There is no solution either in the doctrine or in jurisprudence to a number of problems related to these agreements, in particular the problems of their legal characterization, constitutive features and content, including formulation of a number of conditions. The paper provides recommendations for solving these problems, in particular, it determines constitutive features, legal characterization of the user agreement and confidentiality agreement, suggests the wording of separate conditions for the agreements under consideration. When writing the article, the author relied on the effective legislation, civil doctrine, judicial and business practice.

Safeguarding Confidential Arbitration Awards in Uncontested Confirmation Actions

Two bedrock principles of American jurisprudence collide when courts are called upon to decide whether to seal confidential awards that prevailing arbitration parties petition to confirm in court. On the one hand, the strong public policy in favor of arbitration dictates that courts should honor arbitration parties' confidentiality agreements by sealing confidential awards that are the subject of confirmation petitions. On the other hand, the public interest in court proceedings suggests that motions to seal should be infrequently granted. Courts continue to struggle with how to harmonize these two important values when they conflict with each other in actions to confirm confidential arbitration awards. To clarify and improve the law in this area, this article proposes the following rule to guide the adjudication of motions to seal confidential arbitration awards in confirmation actions: deny the motions when the losing arbitration party challenges the underlying award and grant the motions when the award is uncontested. Such a rule would provide arbitration parties with clarity, consistency, and the confidence to submit their confidential disputes to arbitration without risking public disclosure in the event they lose and their adversary initiates a confirmation action. It also would prevent prevailing arbitration parties from misusing the confirmation process to engage in undesirable strategic behavior, and empower arbitration parties to request that their arbitrators issue reasoned awards without fear that those awards will end up in the public domain whenever the prevailing party petitions to confirm them.

The effectiveness of appropriation mechanisms for sustainable innovations from small and medium-sized enterprises

Literature suggests that formal and informal appropriation mechanisms, such as patents and trade secrecy, play a crucial role in obtaining returns from innovation. Whether this applies to a sustainable innovation is unclear. Appropriation mechanisms could enable the commercialization of sustainable innovations, helping diffusion and societal impact, yet could clash with the principles of openness and sharing that characterize sustainable innovations. This may limit sustainable innovations’ commercial success. To shed light on this debate we analyzed an original sample of sustainable innovations by Dutch small and medium-sized enterprises. We found that sustainable innovations make use of informal appropriation mechanisms, such as lead time advantage and confidentiality agreements, and that these mechanisms are positively associated with commercial success. The positive and negative views on appropriation mechanisms in a sustainable innovation context actually vary by mechanism. The results suggest that firms introducing sustainable innovations behave similarly to other small and medium-sized enterprises innovators when it comes to use of appropriation mechanisms, but the extent to which such mechanisms enable commercial success reveals important specificities. Implications for managers include the use of first-mover advantages to stay ahead of the competition. Service innovations may benefit from using confidentiality agreements. Policymakers can promote simplicity, interoperability, and right-to-repair initiatives to reduce product complexity and hence waste, thereby lowering the negative impact of complexity on commercial success. The results also contribute to the literature in which associations between innovation, sustainability and economic performance were reported for small and medium-sized enterprises.

AN APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS TO DIGITAL MARKETING SECTOR

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a special application of linear programming. It allows measuring the relative efficiency of companies through the outputs produced using many inputs. Efficiency analysis of decision-making units by evaluating many inputs and outputs can be done with this analysis. In recent years, DEA has been used in the evaluation of decision-making units in many areas.Within the scope of the study, advertising publications of a company that sells products of various brands were used and the maximization of the company's revenue was aimed in line with the decision-making units. For this purpose, Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) output-oriented model was preferred. In this study on digital marketing, only the analysis results were included according to the confidentiality agreement.

Evolution of Medical Students' Perception of the Patient's Right to Privacy.

During clinical rotations, medical students experience situations in which the patients’ right to privacy may be violated. The aim of this study is to analyze medical students’ perception of clinical situations that affect patients’ right to privacy, and to look for the influential factors that may contribute to the infringement on their rights, such as the students’ age, sex, academic year or parents’ educational level. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a survey via “Google Drive”. It consisted of 16 questions about personal information, 24 questions about their experience when rotating and 21 questions about their opinion concerning several situations related to the right to privacy. A total of 129 medical students from various Spanish medical schools participated. Only 31% of 3rd–6th year students declared having signed a confidentiality agreement when starting their clinical practice, and most students (52%) reported that doctors “sometimes”, “rarely” or “never” introduce themselves and the students when entering the patients’ rooms. Additionally, about 50% of all students reported that they would take a picture of a patient’s hospitalization report without his/her (consent), which would be useful for an assignment. Important mistakes during medical students’ rotations have been observed, as well as a general lack of knowledge regarding patient’s right to privacy among Spanish medical students. Men and older students showed better knowledge of current legislation, as well as those whose parents were both university-educated and those in higher academic years.

Perceptions of Criminology and Non-Criminology Students on Management of Arms and Ammunition from Selected University in Metro Manila

The increasing rate of gun-related deaths in the Philippines is one of the challenging variables in the management of arms and ammunition for effective safekeeping operations. This study describes the perceptions of the students towards management or arms and ammunition, and the relationship between the profile variates of the two-groups of respondents and the level of awareness on management of arms and ammunition. This descriptive correlational research determined the perceptions of 200 students towards management or arms and ammunition, and the relationship between the profile variates of the two-groups of respondents and the level of awareness on management of arms and ammunition. A researcher-developed questionnaire was utilized. During the conduct of the study, strict ethical principles including confidentiality and non-disclosure agreement were considered. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage distribution, mean, rank, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Accordingly, Carrying of Firearms Outside of Residence or Place of Business has the highest mean score of 3.39, interpreted as Highly Aware, Abandoned Firearms and Ammunition, and Death or Disability of the Licensee with a mean score of 1.95, interpreted as Slightly Aware (SA). The year level , number of trainings attended , gun ownership , family monthly gross income show significant relationships to the criminology student respondents level of awareness on effective strategies in weapons and ammunition management. Further, the number of trainings attended , gun ownership , and family monthly gross income show significant relationship to the non-criminology student respondents level of awareness on management of arms and ammunition. The majority of the respondents concur that the importance of having the permit to carry firearms outside of residence or place of business issued by the Chief, PNP, or by his/her duly authorized representative to the licensed citizen allowing him/her to carry the firearm outside the residence or place of business, as such, display of firearms is prohibited. Furthermore, the year level, number of training attended, gun ownership, and family monthly gross income has a direct positive effect on the criminology student respondents level of awareness on effective strategies in weapons and ammunition management, while the number of training attended, gun ownership, and family monthly gross income has a direct positive effect on the non-criminology student respondents level of awareness on management of arms and ammunition. Therefore, school administrators should provide and recalibrate complete gun safety training to ensure those gun owners are educated on the responsible practices for handling and using firearms, storing them securely at home, as well as carrying guns in public. Further studies may be conducted on policy analysis, enforcement, and analytical methods are applied to curb firearms-related violence.

Sovetskaya pomoshch' Kommunisticheskoj partii Kitaya v 1937—1945 gg.

The publication deals with issues related to the support of the leadership of the Soviet Union and the Comintern to the Communist Party of China in the period from autumn 1937 to autumn 1945 in violation of confidential agreements accompanying the NonAggression Treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of China dated August 21, 1937.

HPR50 Life-YEARS Gained with Conditional Reimbursement Access to Innovative Oncological and Hematological Medicines in Finland

The Conditional Reimbursement System (CRS) enables confidential risk-sharing agreements with the Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board (PPB) in Finland (population 5.5 million). Since 2017, 50 medications have been reimbursed through the CRS. We have previously demonstrated that the CRS has drastically improved reimbursement access in hematology and oncology. Here, we assessed whether the faster access with CRS has led to improved patient life expectancy in cancer.

P2 Faster Access to Innovative Therapies with Risk-Sharing Agreements - Cancer Medication Reimbursement Decisions from January 2012 to November 2021 in Finland

Innovative therapies usually lack long-term trial outcomes data and real-world effectiveness evidence at the time of market authorization. Due to these uncertainties their public reimbursement poses challenges for payer and market authorization holder alike. Risk-sharing agreements have been proposed to diminish these challenges. Introduced in 2017, the Conditional Reimbursement System (CRS) enabled confidential agreements with the Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board (PPB) in Finland. The CRS presents possibilities for innovative pricing models, and potentially gives access to medications that might not become available for patients otherwise.

Event-triggered privacy-preserving bipartite consensus for multi-agent systems based on encryption

In this paper, the privacy-preserving-based bipartite consensus control problem is investigated for a class of discrete-time nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs). The classical bipartite consensus control implementation relies on the explicit information exchange between agents, which will lead to the possible leakage of agents’ private information, especially the initial states. Therefore, to prevent data disclosure to neighbors inside the MASs and the outside eavesdroppers, the data is encrypted by means of Paillier encryption scheme during information transmission. This means each agent first sends the relative data in the form of ciphertext to its neighbors for further encryption process, and then restores the control protocol based on the returned encrypted information from the neighbors. Since homomorphic encryption only works for integers, the data must be quantized before encryption, and it will inevitably result in the quantization error. On the other hand, for the purpose of saving communication resources, both decentralized and distributed event-triggered schemes are also proposed. Resorting to the Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions are derived ensuring that the MASs subject to a confidential communication agreement can achieve the bounded bipartite consensus. Two numerical examples are presented to verify the validity of the theoretical results.

Clinical Trial Agreement – Eliminate legal problems when conducting clinical trials in Germany

The possibilities of structuring clinical trial agreement are far reaching. Especially regarding the question, who the contract partner will be, an initial, also liability-related, positioning is possible; by either including or not including the respective examining physician in the agreement. The agreement has in large parts a clarifying function regarding the contractual obligations of both parties, as the AMG, the ICH-GCP guideline and various european regulations and directives stipulate a wide range of requirements for the performance of clinical trials. Inclusion in the agreement allows for a clear division of responsibilities and liability in the event of non-compliance with the requirements. It is also necessary that the sponsor is obligated to carry out quality assurance measures and the modalities of their implementation, including the remuneration of the time spent for this purpose.
 A central question is also, who is entitled to the results of the clinical trial or to inventions based on them, whereby the ArbnErfG also must be taken into account. Whether there are at least rights of use for non-commercial purposes for the other party, should also be regulated. Also relevant is the agreement of confidentiality agreements and the answer to the question, when and to which extent publications on the results of the tests in question are permissible, in order to ensure an appropriate balance of the parties' interests.
 In terms of data protection law, special attention must be paid to the question which party is the controller within the meaning of the GDPR - depending on the answer to this question, complicated and extensive regulations must be made. In addition to the regulation of the remuneration and its payment modalities, regulations regarding the liability, at least within the legal ramifications are possible and necessary. Conclusively – as always - general cancellation rights and other possibilities of terminating the agreement can be added.
 The preceding explanations show how complex and comprehensive the aspects to be taken into account are. Numerous possibilities have been highlighted above, in order to provide an overview and to simplify the drafting, in hope that the contribution may aid as an orientation.

The regulatory, evaluation, pricing and reimbursement pathway for medicines in the UK: combining innovation and access

The United Kingdom has universal healthcare systems, the National Health System (NHS), in its four nations, with healthcare services provided free of charge at the point of delivery. Approximately 10.5% of the UK population has voluntary supplementary private health insurance. While the provision of inpatient medicines is free of charge, medicines provided in the outpatient setting have a dispensing fee in some of the nations, such as the case of England (co-payment). The UK marketing authorisation process is called product licensing and is overseen by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). There are different licensing routes based on the intended market for launch. MHRA also offers early access schemes and pathways for products targeting unmet medical needs and promising technologies, that aim to accelerate and facilitate market and patient access to products in the UK. These schemes include the option for companies to engage early with regulators and other system partners such as health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. As soon as the technology is authorised, it is available at a list price. Prices for medicines are regulated in legislation and in schemes agreed between the industry association and the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). The prices for the NHS are negotiated between the government and the companies. Routine funding decisions in the NHS are guided by HTA evaluations informed by agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England, the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) in Scotland, and the All Wales Medicines Strategy Group (AWMSG) in Wales. Many medicines and other technologies are subject to price negotiations in the NHS, sometimes with confidential price agreements. The NHS in England is legally mandated to routinely fund technologies recommended by NICE that have been evaluated by some of its programmes. The other UK nations have similar arrangements or recognise decisions made in England. The role and contribution of NICE and other HTA agencies in ensuring value for money and evidence-based decision making is well recognised worldwide.

Foreign Experience and Practice of Ensuring the Confidentiality of Information and Creating Secure Conditions for the Functioning of Documents

The aim of the article is to find out the safest conditions for the functioning of documents, as well as to find the most effective ways to avoid potential risks and dangers in the domestic information space. The research methodology consisted of a set of general scientific and special methods of studying the issue. The review and analytical method was used to work on the professional and specialised literature and to determine the theoretical basis of the research, the systematic method proved to be effective in studying certain foreign practices of ensuring the confidentiality of information. The application of the induction method made it possible to generalise and draw a conclusion about the possibility of using the experience of other countries within the Ukrainian information space. Special methods, namely the method of researching document flows and the method of determining the information content of the document, were useful in considering the process of moving documents in the information field, the possibility/impossibility of damage or loss of information, and ways to prevent such undesirable situations. The scientific research was based on the principles of objectivity and integrity. The use of a set of scientific methods made it possible to study the special features of confidential document information that is processed abroad, and to identify the main threats to the violation of the integrity and accessibility of information. Scientific novelty. The latest practices of England, the European Union, and the United States in the field of document confidentiality are studied. The main recommendations for the protection of confidential information, and confidential agreements implemented abroad are considered. Features of secure use of document information are established. The article proposes a number of systematic measures against threats that arise in the process of working with confidential documents. Conclusions. The study allows us to conclude that the Ukrainian legislative and regulatory framework should be formed taking into account global legislative initiatives and implementations. Сompanies, organisations, institutions, as well as individuals, need to ensure the protection of confidentiality of information, and given the threats, appropriate steps should be taken to ensure safe operation. The rules of identification and authentication should not be neglected, and a strict password policy should be used. The issue of information protection could be solved only in a comprehensive way.

Nippon Shinyaku Co. v. Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.

Nippon Shinyaku Co. v. Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.

Changes in Dicamba Use are Ahead

The first steps in the development of dicamba tolerant transgenic plants were conducted by Sandoz Crop Protection in Palo Alto, CA and then contractually followed up at the University of Nebraska. The subsequent development by Monsanto of soybean and cotton varieties that would tolerate post-emergent application of dicamba substantially changed the use patterns of dicamba in the United States. Transgenic dicamba-tolerant (DT) seeds were first approved in 2016 in the United States, although the post-emergent use of dicamba was not legal that year. In 2017 and 2018, there was substantial market penetration of DT soybean and cotton seeds into the market and the occurrence of dicamba off-target movement (OTM) was highly variable across the United States. The driving force behind these new seed traits was the widespread failure of glyphosate to control broadleaf weeds effectively, especially those from the Conyza and Amaranthus genera. Herbicide research and development in the United States has historically involved both industry and academic weed scientists usually operating in a symbiotic and mutually respectful relationship, although there may have been disagreements at times about some aspects of herbicides and their development. The relatively recent introduction of DT varieties and legal post-emergent dicamba in the United States was a dynamic time for weed control, and adoption of DT crops and subsequent OTM of dicamba greatly changed the working relationships between academic scientists and representatives from Monsanto and some other private companies. Perhaps the greatest change was the lack of access of research materials that would be available to academic scientists for evaluation prior to the retail sale of those materials. Historically, academic scientists would have the ability to evaluate various new technologies and provide objective, independent comments on their potential utility prior to commercialisation. Monsanto largely restricted access to the DT seeds or new herbicide formulations. There are some states that have long-established policies that they will not recommend a new herbicide technology unless they have examined it under their specific field conditions. For example, University of Arkansas researchers would not recommend the use of post-emergent dicamba on DT crops when it first became legal to use. Monsanto responded by filing legal challenges of various types against the University of Arkansas faculty, including 64 exhibits of various legal aspects. Many other states had varying degrees of restrictions placed upon their research efforts, and most scientists had to sign various forms of confidentiality agreements to obtain access to the research material from Monsanto. There were two major differences in the dicamba labels when first introduced in 2017 and then again two years later. The first major difference was an entire section on herbicide resistance confirmation validation and management that was clearly stated on the label. The authors of this paper remind the readers that the reason we have dicamba being used is because of the wholesale failure of glyphosate resistance management systems. The golden era of weed control, essentially 100% weed control with no crop injury, was lost due to the complete lack of any resistance management strategies. The US EPA added label language hopefully to avoid evolution of resistance in weeds from happening again with essentially any new herbicide. Many herbicide users expect all new labels to include resistance management language. The second obvious change to the label was the duration of validity, which was normally many years in previous pesticide registrations. The first dicamba label, which came out in 2017, was valid for only two years. The next label which came out in 2019, was only valid for five years, although there is widespread speculation on the future of that label.

Pharmaceutical net price transparency across european markets: Insights from a multi-agent simulation model

With pharmaceutical health policy striving for fair and sustainable pricing under increasing budgetary pressures, public stakeholders are more and more willing to be involved in transparent access decision-making related to novel medicines, considered by them to be a societal good. Full net price transparency (NPT) is believed by many to promote price competition and to increase equity by making pharmaceutical products accessible to all. Using agent-based simulations, we find that a full NPT system implemented across EU countries would not be viable. This while, acting as rational economic agents, a group of middle- and lower-income countries would not be willing to give up their confidential agreements with the pharmaceutical industry. Even partial NPT would delay access predominantly in middle- to lower-income countries. Hence, we conclude that implementing net price transparency across Europe would be challenging to reach from a political perspective. Especially in lower-income countries there would remain a plea to be left free to negotiate confidential discounts with drug manufacturers. This while, counterintuitively, in those countries NPT will be seen to be unjust while violating Ramsey pricing and distributive justice principles.

Regulated sector professionals and reporting suspicion of money laundering: is it a disproportionate burden?

PurposeThe purpose of the research paper is to determine the efficiency of all crimes approach, their relationship with a risk-based approach and the consequences on regulated sector professionals. And, therefore, what is meant by suspicion, how employees follow the requirements and how it affects the quality and quantity of suspicious activity reports. It also considers the economic and legal challenges the regulated sector faces while dealing with customers or clients. All in all, this paper investigates what does the anti-money laundering (AML) regime means for legal practice and how lawyers’ responsibility is affected.Design/methodology/approachAs the research is being conducted through the analytical methodology, the specific topic of “regulated sector professionals and reporting suspicion of money laundering” is analyzed. It evaluates the fact that the risk-based approach followed in Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations and its adaptation in the UK with all crimes approach caused discrepancy in the judicial system and influenced regulated sector professionals negatively.FindingsThe paper points out that in spite of protective amendments in terms of jurisdictional immunity, UK legislation has caused problems for regulated sector professionals, such as the potential of breaching a client confidentiality agreement and avoiding tipping-off, thus remaining under pressure by clients and facing the risk of losing their clients or obligation to record suspicions in case of court investigation.Originality/valueThe question of money laundering and the FATF recommendations has had a considerable scholarship. However, the proposed study intends to precisely look at the efficiency of all crime approaches, their relationship with a risk-based approach and the consequences on regulated sector professionals. The proposed research will further determine the regulated sector’s economic and legal challenges while dealing with customers or clients. Unlike the existing scholarship, the proposed thesis will focus on what the AML regime means for legal practice and how lawyers’ responsibility is affected.