Cone-shaped Region Research Articles

Preservation of inorganic substances compressed by shock waves

1. A method has been developed for preserving a broad range of compound subjected to the action of shock waves from powerful detonating charges weighing up to 3 kg at test substance volumes up to 6 cm3 and pressures in the detonation front up to about 300 kbar. 2. The contamination of the test substances with material from the walls of the bomb has been studied. It is shown that for monolithic test specimens the contamination is very slight. 3. It has been observed with reference to a series of substances that reactions, if they occur, proceed with greatest instensity in a cone-shaped region whose base is adjacent to the bottom of that part of the bomb in which the maximum pressures develop. For a given charge and selected bomb geometry the size of the cone and the nature of its boundary are determined by the kinetic characteristics of the reaction.

THE HYPOPHYSIS OF THE BROAD-BILLED SWORDFISH, XIPHIAS GLADIUS L

Twenty-three swordfish pituitaries were studied in 1940. It was impossible to determine the sex of these fish; therefore the work was repeated in 1941 on pituitaries from 13 swordfish, all of which proved to be female. Their pituitaries were identical with those obtained in 1940.The swordfish hypophysis is a blunt pyramidal structure, situated with its base in close approximation with the infundibulum. The pars nervosa descends from the infundibular floor, as a main or primary infiltration which arborizes in the ventral portion of the gland, with smaller secondary infiltrations of infundibular tissue penetrating the more dorsal regions. It is fibrous in nature, with the nuclei of connective tissue cells occurring frequently. Herring's bodies are not found in the pars nervosa, and there is no evidence of migration of cells from other glandular regions into it.The pars intermedia surrounds the arborized part of the main nervous penetration, as a cone-shaped region with its apex directed ventrally. There are three types of cells in this part of the gland; an orange G acidophile, a weak blue basophile, and a chromophobe. Carmine granules are found in many of the basophiles. The acidophiles become more numerous in glands obtained successively during the summer.The Übergangsteil is a wedge-shaped region, lying dorsal to the base of the cone-like pars intermedia, with its main portion in the postero-dorsal part of the hypophysis. A sheath of its material completely envelops the pars intermedia. The Übergangsteil possesses two types of cells: a strong carminophile with finely granulated cytoplasm, and a deep blue basophile with coarsely granulated cytoplasm. During the latter half of the summer the basophiles contain large vacuoles which first appear about the middle of July.The pars anterior occupies a horse-shoe shaped region in the anterodorsal part of the hypophysis. Its arms extend posteriorly toward the main mass of the Übergangsteil, often surrounding the zone of contact of the infundibulum and the pars glandularis in collar-like fashion. The pars anterior of the swordfish pituitary has two chief types of cells: an amphiphile and an acidophile. The former are of a bluishpurple color, and are found bordering the secondary infiltrations of infundibular material that enter this region. The acidophiles are coarsely granulated carminophiles, which lie beneath the more peripheral amphiphiles to make up the bulk of the pars anterior.The 13 swordfish from which gonads were obtained in 1941 were females. The ovaries contained ova which did not change appreciably in diameter during the summer. Thus there is no evidence of sexual maturation of swordfish taken in southern New England waters.