Cone Hops Research Articles

Pengaruh Latihan Plyometric Barrier Hops, Front Cone Hops, Jump To Box, dan Depth Jumps terhadap Peningkatan Power, Kekuatan, dan Kecepatan Siswa Ekstrakulikuler

This research aims to determine the effect of Plyometric Barrier Hops, Front Cone Hops, Jump to Box, and Depth Jumps training on increasing the power, strength and speed of extracurricular students at SMA Muhammadiyah 10 Surabaya. This research is experimental research and the instruments in this research use Jump MD to measure power, Leg Dynamometer to measure strength, and 30 meter Sprint to measure speed. The results of this research show that plyometric training of barrier hops, front cone hops, jump to box, and depth jump can significantly increase power, strength, and speed due to sig. < 0.05. This data has significant potential for practitioners in identifying potential weaknesses and improving training methods for athletes who rely heavily on the initiation elements of power, strength, and speed.

How deviations in the elemental profile of Humulus lupulus grown throughout the U.S. and Germany influence hop and beer quality

Recently studies based on limited sample sizes procured from minor hop growing regions have speculated that the elemental profile of hops can possibly be used to authenticate the origin of a hop because changes in hop elemental profiles were realted to growing region and that these changes might also be related to beer quality. To explore this further, 205 hop samples (i.e. 203 whole cone hops and 2 pelletized samples) compromised of 19 varieties were procured from the major hop growing regions (i.e. the U.S. and Germany). These hops were digested with microwave digestion and analyzed for 25 elements using ICP-MS. Hops from most of the U.S. regions (mainly WA) had vastly different elemental profiles than hops from Germany. German hops had significantly lower concentrations for most of the elements except for Cu and K. Interestingly, high alpha varieties had significantly different elemental profiles than varieties bred for aroma purposes. Dry-hopping trials were then performed in an ale and a lager with the hops that had significantly different elemental profiles. Although heavy metals were extracted from hops into beer, at the 5 g/L dry-hopping load used in this study, beer concentrations of these elements remained below regulated water quality standards set by Germany, the U.S., and Canada. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance, dry-hopping had an antioxidant impact on beer regardless of the original elemental profile of the hops which was correlated to hop polyphenol and α/ β - acid concentrations. Overall these results highlight that many factors including location have the potential to influence the elemental profile of hops and that changes in the elemental profiles of hops can be related to beer quality.

PENGARUH LATIHAN DOUBLE LEG CONE HOP DAN LUNGES TERHADAP KEKUATAN TENDANGAN LONG PASS PEMAIN SSB INTERNAL FC U-19

This study aims to determine the effect of the practice of duoble leg cone hops and lunges on the level of long pass ability of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi. This study uses an experimental method with a "three groups pre-test-post-test design" design. The population in this study were football players from SSB Internal FC, Ngawi, which amounted to 30 people. Data analysis used t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that (1) There was a significant effect of double leg cone hop exercise on the level of long pass strength of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi, with t count -14.230 > t table 2.447, and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, and a percentage increase of 8.69%. (2) There is a significant effect of lunges training on the level of long pass strength of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi, with t count -5,161 > t table 2.447, and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, and a percentage increase of 5.94 %. (3) The duoble leg cone hop exercise was better than the lunges exercise on the strength level of the SSB Internal fc soccer player, Ngawi, with t count 2.753 > t table = 2.365 and sig, 0.022 < 0.05.

The comparison of rope jump, cone step up, and diagonal to the power and agility

This study aims: (1) to determine the effect of rope jump training on increasing leg muscle power and agility; (2) to determine the effect of step-up training on increasing leg muscle power and agility 3) to determine the effect of diagonal cone hops exercises on increasing leg muscle power and agility; and (4) to find out the differences in the effect of pliometric rope jump, step up, and diagonal cone hops exercises on increasing leg muscle power and agility. The sample of this study was 40 students of futsal extracurricular at Firdaus Jembrana High School. This type of research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental method. The study design used a pre-test and post-test non-randomized control group, with data analysis using MANOVA. The process of collecting data was to use leg muscle power tests by using jump df and agility tests using the agility T-test during the pre-test and post-test. Then the research data were analyzed using SPSS ver 16.0. It can be concluded that there is an increase in limb muscle power and agility for each group after being given training with a significant value <0.05 in the paired sample t-test. Increased limb muscle power by 12% and 1% agility in rope jump training, 5% increase in leg muscle power and 1% agility in step-up exercises, and increased leg muscle power by 8% and 2% agility in diagonal cone hops exercises.

Sensory Directed Mixture Study of Beers Dry-Hopped with Cascade, Centennial, and Chinook

American craft beer style and flavor is often driven by the unique qualities of American hops. Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used prominently for dry-hopping singly and/or in blends to impart an intense hoppy aroma to beer. A sensory directed dry-hopping mixture study was performed to understand the contribution that each of these hops make to beer aroma. Utilizing a 4th degree simplex-lattice mixture-design, sixteen beers were prepared (including an “unhopped” control) by dry-hopping a common “unhopped” base beer with different blends of ground whole cone hops made from the three hop cultivars. The treatments were evaluated by trained panelists using descriptive analysis, where the response variables used by the panel encompassed the sensory attributes that described the unique aromatic features of these three hops, (i.e., citrus, tropical/fruity, tropical/catty, and herbal). Using these outputs, the sensory contributions of each individual cultivar, as well as mixtures of the cultivars, were examined on a per attribute basis. These results can be used to select combinations or blends of the three hops for use during dry-hopping that provide similar or dissimilar overall aroma intensity and quality in dry-hopped beer.

Effect of Plyometric Front Cone Hops Training and Counter Movement Jump Training to Power and Strenght of Leg Muscles

The purpose of this research is to increase performance athletes bolavoli and that basketball with the methods exercise plyometric front cone hops and plyometric counter movement jump. Thirty students who elected in accordance criteria will be conducted pretest to determine division of a group plyometric front cone hops, plyometric counter movement jump or the control group. Back leg dynamometer to measure the muscle power limbs and jump md to measure the power limb muscles.Will be given exercise for 6 weeks to masing-masing groups and treatment 3 times a week. Test results paired sample t-test show a method of exercise plyometric front cone hops significant influence on the variables of strength and power limb muscles, group plyometric counter movement jump significant influence on the variables of power limb muscles. It can be concluded that of the exercise plyometric front cone hops and plyometric counter movement jump more effective for the two components of the physical condition of strength and power limb muscles.

Kinetic Analysis of Horizontal Plyometric Exercise Intensity.

Kossow, AJ, DeChiara, TG, Neahous, SM, and Ebben, WP. Kinetic analysis of horizontal plyometric exercise intensity. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1222-1229, 2018-Plyometric exercises are frequently performed as part of a strength and conditioning program. Most studies assessed the kinetics of plyometric exercises primarily performed in the vertical plane. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multiplanar kinetic characteristics of a variety of plyometric exercises, which have a significant horizontal component. This study also sought to assess sex differences in the intensity progression of these exercises. Ten men and 10 women served as subjects. The subjects performed a variety of plyometric exercises including the double-leg hop, standing long jump, single-leg standing long jump, bounding, skipping, power skipping, cone hops, and 45.72-cm hurdle hops. Subjects also performed the countermovement jump for comparison. All plyometric exercises were evaluated using a force platform. Dependent variables included the landing rate of force development and landing ground reaction forces for each exercise in the vertical, frontal, and sagittal planes. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance with repeated-measures for plyometric exercise type demonstrated main effects for exercise type for all dependent variables (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant interaction between plyometric exercise type and sex for any of the variable assessed. Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons identified a number of differences between the plyometric exercises for the dependent variables assessed (p ≤ 0.05). These findings should be used to guide practitioners in the progression of plyometric exercise intensity, and thus program design, for those who require significant horizontal power in their sport.

Kinetic Quantification of Plyometric Exercise Intensity

Ebben, WP, Fauth, ML, Garceau, LR, and Petushek, EJ. Kinetic quantification of plyometric exercise intensity. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3288-3298, 2011-Quantification of plyometric exercise intensity is necessary to understand the characteristics of these exercises and the proper progression of this mode of exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the kinetic characteristics of a variety of plyometric exercises. This study also sought to assess gender differences in these variables. Twenty-six men and 23 women with previous experience in performing plyometric training served as subjects. The subjects performed a variety of plyometric exercises including line hops, 15.24-cm cone hops, squat jumps, tuck jumps, countermovement jumps (CMJs), loaded CMJs equal to 30% of 1 repetition maximum squat, depth jumps normalized to the subject's jump height (JH), and single leg jumps. All plyometric exercises were assessed with a force platform. Outcome variables associated with the takeoff, airborne, and landing phase of each plyometric exercise were evaluated. These variables included the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) during takeoff, the time to takeoff, flight time, JH, peak power, landing rate of force development, and peak vertical GRF during landing. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures for plyometric exercise type demonstrated main effects for exercise type and all outcome variables (p ≤ 0.05) and for the interaction between gender and peak vertical GRF during takeoff (p ≤ 0.05). Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons identified a number of differences between the plyometric exercises for the outcome variables assessed (p ≤ 0.05). These findings can be used to guide the progression of plyometric training by incorporating exercises of increasing intensity over the course of a program.

Evaluating Plyometric Exercises Using Time to Stabilization

Plyometric exercises are frequently used in strength and conditioning and rehabilitation programs because the landing phase of these exercises requires dynamic stabilization. This study examined the differences in landing stability of a variety of plyometric exercises by assessing time to stabilization (TTS), its reliability, and sex differences therein. Forty-nine men and women performed a variety of plyometric exercises thought to represent a continuum of difficulty of dynamic stabilization during landing. Plyometric exercises included line hops, cone hops, squat jumps, tuck jumps, countermovement jumps, dumbbell countermovement jumps, and single leg countermovement jumps, each performed for 3 repetitions on a force platform. A 2-way mixed analysis of covariance with repeated measures for plyometric exercise type was used to evaluate the main effects for plyometric exercise type and the interaction between plyometric exercise type and sex for TTS. Subject jumping ability was evaluated as a covariate. Results revealed significant main effects for plyometric exercise type (p < or = 0.001) and for the interaction between plyometric exercise type and sex (p = 0.002). Bonferroni adjusted post hoc analysis demonstrated differences in TTS between a number of plyometric exercises for men and women. Reliability analysis revealed intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.86 with no significant difference between trials (p > 0.05). Practitioners who use plyometrics to train dynamic stability should create programs that progress the intensity of the exercises based on the results of this study. This study also demonstrated that TTS is moderately to highly reliable for a variety of jumping conditions for both men and women.

Evaluation of Plyometric Intensity Using Electromyography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the motor unit activation of the quadriceps (Q), hamstring (H), and gastrocnemius (G) muscle groups during a variety of plyometric exercises to further understand the nature of these exercises. Twenty-three athletes volunteered to perform randomly ordered plyometric exercises, thought to cover a continuum of intensity levels, including two-foot ankle hops; 15-cm cone hops; tuck, pike, and box jumps; one- and two-leg vertical jump and reach; squat jumps with approximately 30% of their 1RM squat load; and 30- and 61-cm depth jumps. Integrated electromyographic data were analyzed for each exercise using a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed significant main effects for the Q when all subjects are analyzed, as well as for separate analysis of men, women, subjects with vertical jumps greater than 50 cm, and those with vertical jumps less than or equal to 50 cm (p < or = 0.05). Significant main effects were also found for the G muscle group in the analysis of all subjects, as well as for men and subjects with vertical jumps greater than 50 cm (p < or = 0.05). No significant main effects were found for the H muscle group. Pairwise comparisons revealed a variety of differences among plyometric exercises. In some cases, plyometrics previously reported to be of high intensity, such as the depth jump, yielded relatively little motor unit recruitment compared with exercises typically thought to be of low intensity. Results can assist the practitioner in creating plyometric programs based on the nature of the motor unit recruitment.

The effect of using frontal shoe orthotics and plyometric training on selected functional measurements in junior high school football players

Plyometric training incorporates quick powerful movements involving an active pre-stretching (eccentric muscle contraction) prior to concentric contraction. It has been claimed that the effect of plyometric training could be enhanced using a frontal shoe orthotic due to increased overload created by this appliance. However, no study to date has examined this claim. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the use of the Jumpsole, a frontal shoe orthotic, will enhance the effect of plyometric training on vertical jump, 40 yard dash time, and calf circumference. Thirty five healthy eighth and ninth grade males participating on the same junior high school football team volunteered to participate in this study. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure similarity on a weight and position basis between a control group (18 males) and experimental group (17 males). The control group completed the 6-week training program without the Jumpsole shoe orthotic. The 6-week training program consisted of 45 min to 1 h sessions performed bi-weekly utilizing acceleration activity, skipping, lateral cone hops, bounding, jump rope, and depth (box) jumps. Vertical jump, 40 yard dash time, and calf circumference were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor and appropriate follow-up repeated measures univariate analyses revealed that the only significant difference occurred between the pre-test and post-test (irrespective of influence of whether the subjects were in the experimental group or the control group) for the dependent variable vertical jump. These results indicate that, although the plyometric training program was effective for enhancing vertical jump, the training program did not improve speed of running or size of calf muscle. Additionally, the use of the frontal shoe orthotic in an attempt to enhance the plyometric training program was not effective.