Cone Beam Volumetric Tomography Research Articles

Evaluation of stress distribution of porous tantalum and solid titanium implant-assisted overdenture in the mandible: A finite element study

The present study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution of porous tantalum implant and titanium solid implant assisted overdenture (IAO) in mandibular bone by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. In this FE study, an existing cone-beam volumetric tomography scan of a patient without any maxillofacial anomaly with an available acceptable IAO for mandible was used to attain the compartments of a completely edentulous mandible. Zimmer trabecular implants and locator attachment systems were selected as the case group (Model B), and Zimmer Screw-Vent implants and locator attachment system were chosen for the control (Model A), as overdenture attachments in the present study. The mandibular overdenture was scanned and digitized as a FE model. Two 3D FE models were designed as edentulous lower jaws, each with four implants in the anterior section of the mandible. Three forms of loads were directed to the IAO in each model: Vertical loads on the left first molar vertical molar (VM). Vertical loads on the lower incisors (VI). Inclined force buccolingually applied at left first molar (IM). Under all loading conditions, the maximum strain values in peri-implant bone in Model A were less than Model B. Under VI, the greatest stress value around abutments in both models was about 2-3 times higher than the other loads. Under VM and IM loads, no significant difference was observed between models. Using trabecular metal implants instead of solid implants reduces strain values around both cortical and trabecular bone.

Gender and Age Estimation Using the Morphometric Analysis of Odontoid Process: Is There a Relationship With Dental Maturation?

The purposes of this study were to show that differences in odontoid process related to age and gender using cone beam volumetric tomography, develop regression formulae based on metric data for gender and age estimation in a Turkish population and investigate whether there is a relationship between the odontoid process and dental maturation for usefulness in forensic and bioarchaeological studies. The study sample included a total of 77 subjects in the age group of 8-22 years. The anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the odontoid process were measured. Regression formulae were performed for age and gender estimation. The dental maturation levels were determined according to Demirjian's method. The mean values of anterior-posterior diameters were significantly larger than those of transverse diameters (P < 0.05). Those values were statistically higher for men than for women (P < 0.05). The lowest correlations were observed for the all measurements of the odontoid process in all cases. There were no significant correlations between the dental maturation levels and all measurements of the odontoid process. The findings of the present study state that measurements of the odontoid process can be utilized for age and gender estimation in the Turkish population.

Position of the hioid bone in relation to the volume of the airway in the different skeletal patterns

Objective: Determine the position of the hyoid bone in relation to the volume of the airway oropharynx in the different skeletal patterns using cone beam volumetric tomography. Materials and methods : Thirty-nine tomographic volumes of patients who met the inclusion criteria of the Radiology Service of the Dental Center of the University of San Martin de Porres from 2014 to 2017, the skeletal class was determined by the angle ANB, the analysis of the volume of the airway oropharynx was carried out performed with the tools of the software explorer Romexis 4.4 (Helsinki, Finland) and the antero-posterior position of the hyoid bone, was determined by the measurement of the C3-H plane. Once the numerical values were obtained, the Pearson correlation test was applied . Results : the correlation between the volume of the airway oropharynx and the position of the hyoid bone in class I patients is 0.651, class II 0.173 and class III 0.187 which indicates that there is no correlation. However, in the determination of the volume of the airway in the different skeletal patterns, marked differences were found between each group. Conclusions : there is not enough evidence to state that there is a statistically significant correlation between the anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone and the volume of the airway oropharynx in the different skeletal patterns .

Assessment of the mandibular incisive canal by panoramic radiograph and cone-beam computed tomography

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the location and characteristics of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital panoramic radiograph (DPR). Methods: 430 patients both DPRs and CBCTs scans for the location of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal visibility were included in this retrospective study. All CBCTs were generated with a cone-beam volumetric tomography device. Results: The mandibular incisive canal (MIC) at least one side in the interforaminal region was detected in 17.7% of panoramic images and 89.1% of CBCT images. There was statistically significant difference between two methods (p=.000) in terms of MICs detection. Conclusion: When planning a surgical operation between the mental foraminas, possibility of the presence of MIC should be taken into consideration. Besides, DPR is not a reliable technique in detecting MIC. In critical situations, use of CBCT is recommended.

Morphology of palatally impacted canines: A case-controlled cone-beam volumetric tomography study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between an apical curvature or a hook and the crown/root ratio in subjects with and without palatally impacted maxillary canines. An experimental group of 44 patients (17 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 13.6years) with 59 palatally impacted maxillary canines was selected from the records of patients referred to a radiology practice for cone-beam imaging. If a patient had bilateral palatally impacted canines, 1 canine was randomly selected for analysis. The palatally impacted canine group was matched for age and sex with 49 normal subjects (25 boys, 24 girls; mean age, 13.2years) with 98 canines. Cone-beam DICOM files were imported into InVivo imaging software (version 5.3; Anatomage, San Jose, Calif) for analysis. The angulations and linear variables of the maxillary canines were measured by using the software measurement tools. Chi-square and independent t tests were used to test for differences between the groups. The presence of a hook at the apical third and other root curvature were significantly different between the 2 groups (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). Of the 44 palatally impacted canines, 16 (36.4%) had an apical hook and only 1 canine in the control group had an apical hook (1.0%). The mean root length of the palatally impacted canines was 2.66mm shorter (P<0.001), and the mean crown/root ratio was significantly greater for the palatally impacted canines compared with the nonimpacted group (P<0.001). Palatally impacted canines have a greater tendency to develop apical hooks and are less likely to develop other root curvatures than are nonimpacted canines. Also, they have shorter roots resulting in larger crown/root ratios compared with the control group.

A rare case report of fracture of the articular eminence diagnosed for the first time using cone-beam volumetric imaging

Articular eminence fractures are a rarity in practice and documented cases of articular eminence fractures are far and few and range around 3 to 4, and are due to trauma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of self-inflicted articular eminence fracture documented to date. A high degree of clinical acuity, suspicion, and cutting edge imaging techniques are required to identify and diagnose fractures of the articular eminence. In this case report, we report a case presenting with unexplained facial pain and diagnosed using cone-beam volumetric imaging as fracture of the articular eminence. We attempt to highlight cone-beam volumetric imaging as a diagnostic tool with considerable benefits in the identification and diagnosis of sublime pathologies of the maxillofacial region.

Cone beam volumetric imaging in dental, oral and maxillofacial medicine

Cone beam volumetric imaging in dental, oral and maxillofacial medicine

BÜYÜK BOYUTLU NAZOPALATİN KANAL KİSTİ: OLGU SUNUMU

Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDC), also known as incisive canal cysts, is the most common developmental, epithelial, non-odontogeniccyst of the maxilla. NPDCs are located in the anterior maxillary midline region. The cyst arises from embryonic epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct within incisive canals. Lesions are normally asymptomatic and are usually detected during the routine radiological examination. Diagnosis is most frequently performed in the fourth and sixth decades. NPDCs must be especially distinguished from large incisive foramen and radicular cyst of central incisors. Recurrence is rare following surgical removal. In this case report, a 57 years old male patient’s NPDC is evaluated by panoramic radiography and cone beam volumetric tomography images which is existing in the maxillary midline; between right and left canine’s roots and its treatment presented

Cone Beam Volumetric Imaging in Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine:

Cone-beam volumetric imaging in dental, oral, and maxillofacial medicine , Cone-beam volumetric imaging in dental, oral, and maxillofacial medicine , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Prevalence of the developmental bone defect of the mandible in cone-beam computed tomography scans

The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender.

Maxillary anterior ridge augmentation with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2.

No human studies exist on the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as a sole graft material for lateral ridge augmentation in large ridge defect sites. This series evaluates the treatment outcome of maxillary anterior lateral ridge augmentation with rhBMP-2/ACS. Twenty patients were treated with rhBMP-2/ACS and fixation screws for space maintenance. Cone beam volumetric tomography measurements were used to determine gain in ridge width, and a bone core biopsy was obtained. The mean horizontal ridge gain was 1.2 mm across sites, and every site gained width.

Comparison of Endodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Decisions Using Cone-beam Volumetric Tomography Versus Periapical Radiography

IntroductionAccurate and confident treatment planning is an essential part of endodontic practice. Periapical radiographs have been used to aid in the diagnosis of pathology and to help establish an appropriate treatment strategy. Recently, a new imaging modality, cone-beam volumetric tomographic (CBVT) imaging, has been shown to be a useful tool in a number of endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to compare the relative value of preoperative periapical radiographs and CBVT scanning in the decision-making process in endodontic treatment planning. MethodsThirty endodontic cases completed in a private endodontic practice were randomly selected to be included in this study. Each case was required to have a preoperative digital periapical radiograph and a CBVT scan. Three board-certified endodontists reviewed the 30 preoperative periapical radiographs. Two weeks later, the CBVT volumes were reviewed in random order by the same evaluators. The evaluators were asked to select a preliminary diagnosis and treatment plan based solely on their interpretation of the periapical and CBVT images. Diagnosis and treatment planning choices were then compared to determine if there was a change from the periapical radiograph to the CBVT scan. ResultsA difference in treatment plan between the 2 imaging modalities was recorded in 19 of 30 cases (63.3%, P = .001), 17 of 30 cases (56.6%, P = .012), and 20 of 30 cases (66.7%, P = .008) for examiners 1, 2, and 3, respectively. ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study, preoperative CBVT imaging provides additional information when compared with preoperative periapical radiographs, which may lead to treatment plan modifications in approximately 62% of the cases.

True 3D Weight Bearing CT Imaging for Foot and Ankle

: Foot and ankle surgery is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. For the first time, physicians can get three-dimensional, weight bearing images of the foot and ankle with the pedCAT system. The pedCAT uses cone beam volumetric tomography to reconstruct the foots bony anatomy in its true physiological position within minutes. The pedCAT is a compact device that requires minimal radiation shielding, which means it could fit in a primary care podiatrist's office as easily as it could in a large imaging center. The pedCAT is manufactured by CurveBeam. CurveBeam was founded in 2009 with the primary mission of adapting cone beam volumetric tomography technology to imaging all body extremities. Over the past decade, CBVT has revolutionized oral and maxillofacial care. Three-dimensional scans of the skull have become an essential tool in diagnosis and treatment planning, especially for orthodontics and dental implants. The pedCAT is expected to transform the fundamentals of diagnostic imaging for the foot and ankle specialty by providing an ideal starting point to evaluate and treat a patients foot condition. The pedCAT is easy to use for both the doctor and the patient. The patient steps onto a platform and the gantry closes behind him. The physician pushes a single button, and the pedCAT scans one foot in less than 20 s or both feet in less than 40 s in weight bearing or non-weight bearing positioning. The manufacturer estimates the radiation dose delivered to the patient to be slightly higher than a similar plain X-ray. CubeVue, the accompanying software, stitches together the slices to create an exact digitized replica of the foot and ankle in less than three minutes. Using CubeVue, the physician can get an unobstructed view of the foot from any angle, rotate and navigate the 3D data, and make exact measurements. The physician can scroll through the slices, which can be as thin as 3 mm, in any direction. The pedCAT? , first in-office TRUE 3D weight bearing CT for the foot and ankle, helps optimize treatment planning for our patients. Via this low dose radiation option, the pedCAT? assesses clinical conditions including, but not limited to, fractures, dislocations, arthritic joints, deformity and for quicker diagnosis, evaluation and treatment planning. The patient experience benefits include: in-office and on-site compact imaging; TRUE weight bearing and non-weight bearing 3D imaging for one or both feet; capture unprecedented diagnostic information not seen in regular x- rays; easy to use visualization software that adds a new dimension to diagnosis and evaluation; fast acquisition of 3D data allows you to start your treatment planning in minutes; If needed, we can confidently plan surgeries with precision and speed.

Incidental findings on cone beam computed tomographic images: a Pandora's box?

Incidental findings on cone beam computed tomographic images: a Pandora's box?

Application of cone beam imaging in dentistry: A mini review

Cone beam volumetric imaging has many advantages over simple panoramic film and digital images, including enabling accurate visualization of head and neck structures and reducing X-ray doses. It has been rapidly adopted and is becoming the standard of care for several applications, and is being preferred for others.

Condylar Positional Changes Up to 12 Months After Bimaxillary Surgery for Skeletal Class III Malocclusions

Postsurgical changes in the condylar position are of great importance to surgical stability, especially in asymmetric double-jaw surgery. The aims of this study were to evaluate positional changes of the condyle up to 12 months after surgery in patients with Class III malocclusion and to identify the factors affecting postsurgical condylar position. The study included 33 adult patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery and had full cone-beam volumetric imaging (CBVI) records up to 1 year after surgery. The CBV images were obtained before surgery and 2 weeks, 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months after surgery. Condyles with deviated and nondeviated sides were examined separately regardless of the degree of asymmetry. Analyses of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify factors that could affect the position of the mandibular condyles. The condyles exhibited anterior displacement at T2, which returned to a more distal position afterward in the axial view, and an inward rotation in the coronal view up to T3. From the sagittal view, the deviated and nondeviated condylar sides rotated forward and remained stable after T2. The degree of menton deviation affected the angle of condylar rotation (horizontal angle). The results of this study suggest that condyles tend to move in a certain direction, and this can influence postsurgical relapse up to 6 months after surgery. However, they remain relatively stable afterward.

Craniofacial morphology in pediatric patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea with or without positive airway pressure therapy: A cross-sectional cephalometric comparison with controls

Compression on the midface with nasal mask-delivered positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in growing patients might contribute to midface retrusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between long-term PAP use and craniofacial morphologic pattern in children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea. Images generated with cone-beam volumetric imaging were used to complete lateral cephalometric analyses of anteroposterior projection of the midface region. The study group included 12 subjects (10 boys, 2 girls; mean age, 9.0years) who used PAP therapy for at least 6months and at least 6hours per night. Measurements from this group were compared with those of a control group of 11 subjects (5 boys, 6 girls; mean age, 9.6years) with obstructive sleep apnea who did not have PAP. Measurements were taken at 1 time point. No significant differences were identified between the groups for any cephalometric variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis also did not identify a significant association between the number of months of PAP therapy and the cephalometric variables. Cephalometric data for both groups were pooled for comparison with appropriate published normative values for age and sex. Anterior cranial base length, overall anteroposterior length of the maxillary base, and mandibular body length were significantly shorter than normal in the subjects compared with published normative values. No association was demonstrated between midface projection and PAP use in growing patients. When compared with normative data for anterior cranial base, children with obstructive sleep apnea had shorter maxillary and mandibular lengths.

Associations between palatally displaced canines and maxillary lateral incisors

The purpose of this research was to investigate relationships among the location and orientation of palatally displaced canines and the dimension and orientation of the maxillary lateral incisor. An experimental group of 40 patients with 46 palatally displaced canines (20 from boys, 26 from girls; mean age of the subjects, 13.9 years; age range, 10.5-15.9 years) was selected from the records of patients referred to a radiology practice specializing in cone-beam volumetric tomography imaging. This group was age- and sex-matched with 30 normal subjects with 60 canines (26 from boys, 34 from girls; mean age of the subjects, 13.8 years; age range, 10.4-15.7 years). Digital cone-beam volumetric tomography images were imported into an imaging software and were reoriented and reconstructed into several radiographic images in coronal and sagittal sections; a maxillary arch occlusal view was also produced. The angular and linear variables of the canines and the maxillary lateral incisors were measured by using software measurement tools. Independent t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used accordingly based on normality of the data to compare the variables between the palatally displaced canine and the control groups. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between the canine variables (dependent variables) and the maxillary lateral incisor variables together with confounding variables (independent variables). The maxillary lateral incisors in the palatally displaced canine group tended to be more upright in the sagittal and coronal planes. Generally, the most significant independent variables according to backward examination of linear regression for canine variables (coronal and sagittal angulations, and distance to the occlusal plane of palatally displaced canines) were the coronal and sagittal angulations of the maxillary lateral incisors, the length and buccolingual root width of the maxillary lateral incisors, and age. The orientation and location of palatally displaced canines were associated with changes in the angulations of maxillary lateral incisors and small lateral incisors.

Maxillary lateral incisor morphology and palatally displaced canines: A case-controlled cone-beam volumetric tomography study

The goal of this study was to compare the dimensions of maxillary lateral incisors in subjects with and without palatally displaced canines. An experimental group of 40 patients with 46 palatally displaced canines (20 in boys, 26 in girls; mean age, 13.9 years; range, 10.5-15.9 years) was selected from the records of patients referred to a radiology practice specializing in cone-beam volumetric tomography imaging. The palatally displaced canine group was age- and sex-matched with 30 normal subjects with 60 canines (26 in boys, 34 in girls; mean age, 13.8 years; range, 10.4-15.7 years). Cone-beam volumetric tomography DICOM files were imported into Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.0; Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif), and the volumetric images were reoriented with the long axis of the lateral incisor vertical and then reconstructed into images of a sagittal slice through the maxillary lateral incisors and 3 axial slices across the maxillary lateral incisor root. The linear variables of the maxillary lateral incisors were measured by using digital measurement tools. The widths of the maxillary lateral incisor roots were registered at the cementoenamel junction level, 4 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction level and 8 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction level. An independent t test was used to test for differences between the groups, because the data were normally distributed. In the group with palatally displaced canines, the mean length of the maxillary lateral incisors was 2.1 mm shorter (P<0.001), and the mean root width was smaller, especially in the buccolingual dimension, by 0.7 mm (P<0.001). Lateral incisors adjacent to palatally displaced canines were smaller compared with those adjacent to normal canines.

Different Representations of Vertical Root Fractures Detected by Cone-Beam Volumetric Tomography: A Case Series Report

IntroductionVertical root fractures (VRFs) pose a clinical dilemma and a challenge to clinicians. Definitive diagnosis is often complicated by the lack of consistent signs and symptoms and the low sensitivity of conventional radiographs in the detection of VRFs. New radiographic imaging systems have recently become available for use in dentistry. Among these new imaging technologies is cone-beam volumetric tomography (CBVT). CBVT technology allows the precise visualization and evaluation of teeth with VRFs. The use of CBVT has great potential as a diagnostic tool to assist in the detection of VRFs. MethodsSeven cases are presented to demonstrate the use of CBVT in detection of VRFs in endodontically treated teeth. ResultsFive specific findings on CBVT exam were consistent with confirmed VRFs. ConclusionsAs demonstrated in this case series, CBVT can provide valuable additional diagnostic information in the detection of VRFs and may help prevent unnecessary treatment.