Condylar Plate Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the biomechanical behavior of anterograde/retrograde nailing in supracondylar femoral fractures

Supracondylar femoral fractures account for a noticeable percentage of the femoral shaft fractures, affecting two etiological groups: high energy trauma in young men, with good bone quality, and older women with osteoporotic femur. Surgical treatment of those kind of fractures remains controversial, with different surgical options such as plate and sliding barrel locking condylar plate, less invasive stabilization system (LISS) or intramedullary nailing, which has emerged as a new fixation choice in the treatment of that type of fractures.The present work performs a comparative study about the biomechanical behavior of anterograde and retrograde nailing in supracondylar femoral fractures type A, in order to determine the best choice of nailing and locking configuration. A three-dimensional finite element model of the femur was developed, modeling femoral supracondylar fracture and different nailing configurations, both for anterograde and retrograde nails. The study was focused on the immediately post-operative stage, verifying the appropriate stability of the osteosynthesis.The obtained results show a better biomechanical behavior for anterograde nails, providing a better stability from the point of view of global movements, lower stresses in screws, and less stress concentration in cortical bone. So, for the analyzed fractures and osteosyntheses types, anterograde nailing has demonstrated to be a better surgical option, being an excellent indication in supracondylar fractures of femur, with clear benefits compared to retrograde nailing, providing a better stabilization which enables for a more satisfactory fracture healing.

A prospective study of functional outcome of distal femur fractures by locking plate

Introduction: In last few decades, rapid industrialization and the fast pace of life have brought both comforts and catastrophe like road traffic accidents and crippling many young lives. High velocity road traffic accidents are responsible for distal femur fractures more commonly observed in the young and middle aged patients. This necessitates early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation is the choice of treatment in fractures distal femur and Locking Condylar plate has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome.Aims and objective: To study the outcome of open reduction and locking plate fixation of fractures of distal end of femur and to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of the Locking plate fixation method of treatment of fractures of distal end of femur.Material and Method: It is a prospective observational study. Conducted in patients admitted to Department of Orthopedics’ at BLDEU’S Shri B.M. Patil’s Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura with diagnosis of distal Femur fracture. The patients were informed about study in all respects and informed written consent was obtained. Period of study was between November 2017 to May 2019. Follow up period was for 6 months. Data was analysed by SPSS v21 and p-value

Treatment of distal femur fractures with VA-LCP condylar plate: A single trauma centre experience

IntroductionGiven the recent criticisms in the literature regarding Synthes Variable Angle Locking Compression Condylar Plate (VA-LCP), the purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcome, fracture healing, and complications of distal femoral intra-articular fractures using this device. MethodsPatients with distal femoral fractures treated with 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate were included in this retrospective study. Follow-ups were at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. For the clinical and functional assessment of the knee, WOMAC, Koos Knee Survey, the Knee Score Society and the SF-12 questionnaire were used. Radiographically we assessed the fracture healing and the angles of the operated limb compared to the healthy contralateral limb. Complications have also been described. ResultsForty-two patients with distal femoral fractures were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 8 months. Most cases (57%) reported a type 33-A fracture. Radiological healing was achieved in 33 cases; the mean time required to heal was 13 weeks. Three patients had an early postoperative complication and four cases had a late complication. Five cases required additional surgical procedures. Most patients (47.2%) achieved a complete flexion of 130° or more. WOMAC mean value 27.4%, KSS mean value 77.6 for the clinical part and 60 for the functional part, KOOS mean score 60.1, SF-12 mean score 46.1 for MCS and 35.5 for PCS. DiscussionThe results of this retrospective study suggest that VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plates have a good functional outcome and fracture healing similar to other standard distal femoral locking plates. VA technology allows greater versatility in fractures internal fixation regardless of the plate design. Fixation devices or Prosthesis implants previously placed may be avoided, as in periprosthetic fractures. Moreover, we have not recorded any early mechanical damage. ConclusionsOsteosynthesis with Synthes 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate demonstrated to have no early mechanical failure rate with good clinical and radiological results.

Treatment of Distal Femur Fractures With the DePuy-Synthes Variable Angle Locking Compression Plate.

To determine the failure rate of the DePuy-Synthes variable angle locking compression curved condylar plate (VA-LCP) and quantify failure modes. Retrospective review. Level I Trauma Center. One hundred thirteen patients with 118 OTA/AO classification 33A and 33C distal femoral fractures were included in the study. Internal fixation using only the DePuy-Synthes VA-LCP plate. Primary outcomes included mechanical failure rate of the DePuy-Synthes VA-LCP plate in open and closed fractures. Secondary outcomes included overall failure rate of treatment, risk factors for mechanical failure, and the specific location of failure: loss of fixation in the proximal segment, implant failure over the working length, or failure of locking screw fixation distally. There were 11 total failures (9.3%) in 118 fractures. Failure rates for the closed and open fracture groups were 5.4% and 15.9%, respectively. Twenty patients (16.9%) required reoperation to promote union. Open fractures (P = 0.00475), the presence of medial metaphyseal comminution (P = 0.037), the length of the zone of comminution (P = 0.037), and plate length (P = 0.0096) were significantly higher in those with implant failure. Most failures (63.6%) were in the working length of the implant. The use of the Synthes VA-LCP is a viable option in distal femoral fractures and has an acceptable failure rate and reoperation to promote union rate. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal end femur using locking compression plate

Background:Fractures distal femur are one of the commonest fractures encountered in high velocity trauma which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Isolated fracture can itself lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism. This necessitates early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation is the choice of treatment in fractures distal femur with LCP. Plate has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome. Objectives: To study the functional results of fracture distal femur treated closed reduction with locking compression plate by Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis.Methods: 20 cases of fracture distal end femur were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with LCP by MIPPO. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically for outcomes. All patients were followed up for an average of 12 months. Outcome was assessed using NEER’S Score.Results: In our study 22 distal femoral fractures were treated. All cases were fresh, 19 patients were males and 3 patients were females. The median age was 45 years ranging from 22-68 years? 16 of the fractures were caused by road traffic accidents and 5 were due to fall, 2 were due to assault. 14 patients were with fracture on right side and 6 on left side. Using Neers scoring system excellent is 54%, good is 28%, and fair is 22%. Range of motion of knee & Hip was excellent to very good. Gait and weight bearing after complete union was satisfactory.Conclusion: Closed reduction and internal fixation of fracture lower end of femur using locking compression plate by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is one of the best modalities of treatment especially in intraarticular fractures where the maintenance of articular congruity is crucial. Fixation with locking condylar plate showed more effectiveness in severly osteopototic bones, shorter post-operative stay, faster recovery, earlier union rates and excellent functional outcome compared to alternative procedures in other studies.

Locking condylar plate: best device to treat supracondylar fractures of the femur

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Supracondylar fractures of the femur in adults account for only 7% of all femoral fractures. However, these fractures present with numerous complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of locking condylar plate in supracondylar fractures of femur in adults.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was based on 25 patients of supracondylar fracture of the femur treated with locking condylar plate at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Suratkal, Mangalore. The patients were followed up for 1 year.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In present study, 84% fractures were sustained due to road traffic accidents. In 23 (92%) patients, full weight bearing was achieved at 20 weeks while only 2 (8%) patients required more than 20 weeks. 80% of cases required less than 16 weeks for union while 20% required more than 16 weeks. Average injury to surgery time was 3.62 days in the present series. Superficial stitch infection occurred in two cases. Deep infection occurred in a grade 2 compound fracture in a male who was treated initially with debridement and antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Good results are seen by distal femur locking condylar plate alone. It is the main implant of choice for distal femur fractures of all varieties. Best outcome is expected if fracture fixation is done following all the basic principles of fracture fixation. Advantage of the mechanical properties of a locking plate is definitely useful. </p>

Evaluation of Efficacy of 3-Dimensional Delta Versus Trapezoidal Condylar Plates in Internal Fixation of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures: A Clinical Study

Introduction: Among condylar fractures, surgical treatment is most commonly done for subcondylar fractures. Although 2 plate system is most commonly recommended, specially designed delta plate or trapezoidal condylar single 3-dimensional plate have been found to provide early functional rehabilitation with similar stability. Though studied in vitro, not much in vivo study has been done in clinical scenario. Aim and Objectives: Comparative assessment of functional and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent subcondylar fracture fixation with trapezoidal and delta condylar plate. Methods: 20 patients presenting with subcondylar fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation were included in this 2-year study from 2014 to 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to either one of the groups, with 10 being treated by each plate. Patients were evaluated regularly during 3 months follow-up on clinical parameters, such as occlusion, mouth opening, range of jaw movements, and radiologic parameters, such as fracture alignment, plate fracture, plate bending, screw loosening, secondary displacement of condylar fragment and its direction, ramus height, and any deviation. Results: In both groups, statistically significant improvement in occlusion seen from the third day to the third month ( P value = .04). Postoperative mouth opening, right and left lateral movements, and protrusive movements were statistically nonsignificant in both group A and group B. But within a group, improvements in the results were variable with regard to all these parameters at different intervals. Clinical and radiographic complications were nonsignificant in both group A and group B. Conclusion: This study is a preliminary effort to evaluate and compare different special plating systems in the management of condylar fractures with the new 3-dimensional trapezoidal and delta plating system, which gives excellent stability and rigidity. Improvement in occlusion was found to be gradual in both the plating system over a period of 3 months. Delta plate showed significant improvement in mouth opening at all intervals in comparison to Trapezoidal plate. Improvement in protrusive movement was found to be gradual and better with delta plate. A trapezoidal condylar plate holds goods for low subcondylar fractures owing to its wider dimension, though delta plate is versatile for both high and low subcondylar fracture.

Manejo de las fracturas ipsilaterales de fémur y tibia en el Hospital Luis Vernaza de Guayaquil

Introducción: El término de rodilla flotante se acuña a lesiones ipsilaterales y simultaneas de fémur y tibia que desconectan a la rodilla del resto de la extremidad. Son lesiones muy complejas con una alta tasa de complicaciones, producidas por mecanismos de alta energía, que causan daño esquelético extenso, de partes blandas y además se asocian con lesiones potencialmente mortales de la cabeza, tórax y abdomen.
 Objetivo: Describir el tipo de tratamiento y los resultados funcionales de los pacientes con diagnóstico de fracturas ipsilaterales de fémur y tibia atendidos en el Hospital Luis Vernaza de Guayaquil.
 Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes con fracturas ipsilaterales de fémur y tibia atendidos durante el año 2015 en el Hospital Luis Vernaza de Guayaquil. Los diagnósticos fueron codificados según la clasificación Fraser. Los datos de obtuvieron de las historias clínicas digitales, además se utilizó una base de datos creadas en Excel y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó Epi info 7.
 Resultados: En el servicio de Traumatología del Hospital Luis Vernaza de Guayaquil, durante el año 2015 se atendieron 985 fracturas, de las cuales 15 fueron fracturas de fémur y tibia ipsilaterales (4 mujeres y 11 varones). El tratamiento definitivo en el caso de fractura de fémur fue 9 clavos endomedular, 4 fijaciones externas y 2 placas condilar bloqueo. En el caso de la fractura de Tibia se colocaron 4 clavos encerrojados, 9 fijaciones externas, 1 tornillos canulados + fijación externa y una Osteodesis con clavo Steimann. Los resultados funcionales se valoraron según los criterios de Karlstrom y Olerud, se consideraron satisfactorios en el 33% d ellos pacientes, regulares en el 27% y malos en el40% de los casos.
 Conclusión: Las lesiones de rodilla flotante son fracturas muy complejas provocados por traumas de alta energía, lo cual compromete los resultados funcionales a pesar de recibir manejo inicial y osteosíntesis definitiva considerados adecuados

Comparison of outcomes of supracondylar femur fractures treated with locking compression plate vs supracondylar nail

Objective: To compare the outcomes of supracondylar femur (SC) fractures treated with locking compression plate (LCP) with supracondylar nail (SCN). Methods: Analysis of 90 cases was done out of which 45 were treated with supracondylar nail and 45 with LCP. Results: Results were graded according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria. In LCP group 28 (62.22%) had excellent, 12 (26.66%) had good, 2 (4.44%) had Fair and 3 (6.66%) had poor results while in SCN group 22 had excellent (48.88%), 9 had good (20%), 6 had fair (13.33%) and 8 had poor (17.77%) results. Conclusion: Locking condylar plate group had the best functional result followed by SCN group according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria.

A prospective study of treatment of distal femur fractures with locking condylar plate

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Multiple implants are available to treat distal femoral fractures. The recent addition is the locking plate contoured to the distal femur with combiholes in the proximal portion. Though it is established that locking plates offer higher stability than the previous implants like dynamic compression screw or condylar buttress plate, some studies showed higher incidence of delayed union. We evaluated 30 type A and type C distal femoral fractures treated with locking condylar plate in our institutes.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We conducted a prospective study on 30 consecutive patients with fractures of distal femur operated with locking condylar plate from December, 2015 to February, 2017. Patients were regularly followed up with x-rays and clinical examination. At the end of one year follow-up, patients were evaluated with Pritchett score</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Fracture union was seen in all patients. Union was faster in type A fractures than in type C intra articular fractures. 67% of patients achieved excellent to good grading according to Pritchett rating system. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Locking condylar plate is effective in treating distal femoral fractures with minimal complications.</span></p>

Operative management of fracture distal femur with locking compression plate

Background: Fractures distal femur are one of the commonest fractures encountered in high velocity trauma which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Isolated fracture can itself lead to complications such as ARDS and pulmonary embolism. This necessitates early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation is the choice of treatment in fractures distal femur and Locking Condylar plate. Plate has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome.Objectives: To study the functional results of fracture distal femur treated by open reduction and internal fixation with locking condylar plate. Methods: 20 cases of fracture distal end femur were treated by open reduction and internal fixation by Locking Compression Plate at our institution. The patients were evaluated clinically and radio logically for outcomes. All patients were followed up for an average of 12 months. Outcome was assessed using NEER’S Score. Results: In our study 20 distal femoral fractures were treated. All cases were fresh, 13 patients were males and 7 patients were females. The median age was 47years ranging from 28-70 years.15 of the fractures were caused by road traffic accidents and 3 were due to fall, 2 were due to assault. 12 patients were with fracture on right side and 8 on left side. Using Neer’s scoring system excellent is 65%, good is 15%, fair is 15% and poor is 5%. Range of motion of knee & Hip was excellent to very good. Gait and weight bearing after complete union was satisfactory. Conclusion: open reduction and internal fixation of lower end femur using locking condylar plate. It is one of the best modalities of treatment especially in intra articular fractures where the maintenance of articular congruity is crucial. Fixation with locking condylar plate showed more effectiveness in severely osteoporotic bones, shorter post-operative stay, faster recovery, earlier union rates and excellent functional outcome compared to alternative procedures in other studies.

Result of laterally based locking plate in fracture tibial plateau in rural hospital Ambajogai

Conclusion: Tibial plateau fractures are increasing due to increase in road traffic accidents. Fracture pattern and soft tissue status should be analyzed before surgery. These fracture require perfect anatomical reconstruction of articular surface, stable fixation, early ROM physiotherapy, and rehabilitation for good functional outcome. We conclude that laterally based locking condylar plate gives excellent functional and anatomical results without the need for additional medial stabilization as it restore articular surface with better biomechanical stability, increases range of motion, decreases complications like infections, non-union and provides early rehabilitation.

Impact of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Degenerative Changes of Articulating Surfaces Associated With the Arthritic Temporomandibular Joint: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

This study evaluated the effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) on degenerative changes of TMJ associated with bovine collagen type II (BCII) induced-arthritis. Fifty rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Group I (n=10) received no treatment. Group II (n=20) was divided into 2 subgroups according to treatment type. One subgroup (n=10) received an intra-articular (IA) injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the other (n=10) received an IA injection of PBS plus BMSCs. Group III (n=20) received an injection of oil emulsion of BCII before treatment with PBS or PBS plus BMSCs as in group II. Rabbits were euthanized after the third week and the joints were processed for histology. Compared to TMJs of subgroup III treated with PBS, TMJs of subgroup III treated with combined therapy showed improvements in all parameters tested. Mean values in mm3 for this subgroup regarding fibrous condylar covering, cartilaginous condylar plate, subchondral bone, articular eminence, upper joint cavity, lower joint cavity and disc thickness were 4.04±0.13, 5.09±0.08, 25.29±0.36, 10.54±0.36, 4.53±0.44, 3.21±0.27, and 24.52±0.41, respectively. Significant differences were found between subgroups mean values of group II and group IIII. BMSCs can be used safely and effectively to repair degenerative changes in rabbit TMJs associated with BCII-induced arthritis.

Clinical outcome after alternative treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions.

Achieving stable fixation of scaphoid fractures and nonunions continues to be a challenge. Compression screw fixation has been the current standard surgical procedure. However, in some cases, bone healing cannot be achieved and requires further revision. Recent series reintroduced volar plating as valid option for stable fixation. The aim of the study was to review clinical outcome of alternative scaphoid treatment. From 2011 to 2014, nine patients with scaphoid fracture were treated by Headless Compression Screw (HCS) and seven patients with scaphoid nonunion by HCS or volar mini condylar plate with bone graft. The average age was 34.4 years and the average time to follow-up was 19.3 months. From 1996 to 1998, 38 patients with scaphoid nonunion were treated using compression screw (S-group) or volar mini condylar plate (P-group) with bone graft. The average age was 39.6 years and the average time to follow-up was 26.2 months. The union rate was 100%. For scaphoid fractures, the mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) was 94.1 and the DASH score 7.4. From 2011 to 2014, the MMWS was 87.9 and the DASH score 7 in scaphoid nonunions. In the period between 1996 and 1998, the MMWS was 67.2 in the P-group and 58.6 in the S-group, and the DASH score 16.8 and 28.2. Our study demonstrated that appropriate application of the HCS was able to produce very satisfactory results in scaphoid fractures and nonunions. In our opinion, however, the method of scaphoid plate osteosynthesis can achieve a higher degree of stability, particularly rotational stability, in case of multifragmentary avascular scaphoid nonunions.

Computed Tomography–Based 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analyses of Various Types of Plates Placed for a Virtually Reduced Unilateral Condylar Fracture of the Mandible of a Patient

This study was performed to evaluate stresses in various types of plates placed for a virtually reduced unilateral condylar fracture of the mandible using computed tomography-based 3-dimensional finite element (FE) models of a patient to select the optimal plate system. A computed tomography-based FE model of the mandible of a patient with a unilateral condylar fracture was constructed. The fracture was virtually reduced and fixed with 1 straight titanium plate; 2 straight titanium plates; 2 straight poly-L-lactic acid plates; and 4-hole (box), 5-hole (strut), and 7-hole (lambda) condylar plates. Stresses developing in these plates were analyzed by applying 478.1N of bite force at the first molar of the contralateral side of the mandible. The magnitudes of tensile stress were within the tensile strength in all types of plates. However, the magnitudes of compressive stress in 1 straight titanium plate and 2 straight poly-L-lactic acid plates were beyond the compressive strength. The tensile and compressive stresses of the 5-hole (strut) plate were the smallest among the 3 types of condylar plates. Fixation by 2 straight titanium plates or any type of condylar plate was biomechanically indicated for the condylar fracture of this patient. Among these plates, the 5-hole (strut) plate was considered optimal. FE analysis is useful in selecting the optimal fixation method in the individual patient.

A study of surgical management of distal femoral fractures in adults using locking compression plate

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The introduction of locking compression plates with option of locked screws has provided the means to increase the stability of fracture fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, 30 distal femoral fractures were treated using the distal femoral locking compression plate. All fractures were fresh, closed and operated within 12 days. Follow up duration ranged from 6 to 18 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 20 patients were males and 10 were females. The 23 of the fractures (76.66%), were caused by road traffic accidents, 3 were due to accidental falls (10%), one was due to assault and 3 were due to fall from height.9 patients had associated injuries. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using Locking Compression Plate. 6 to 9 holed plates were used. Out of 30 patients 2 went for delayed union and 3 went for non-union. Average knee flexion was 109<sup>o</sup> having knee range of motion more than 100 with 50% patients. Average knee extensor lag was 2.4 degrees with only 4 patients with lag more than 5. 2 patients developed 2 cm shortening. 4 patients had less than 5 degrees of malalignment. 2 patients had deep infection. Functional outcome was measured using NEER's scoring system and was done at the end of 5- 7 months (average of 6 months). Excellent results- 17 (56.66%) good results-8 (26.66%) fair results-2 (6.66%) poor results-3 (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LCP condylar plate represents an evolutionary approach to the surgical management and is an important armamentarium in distal femur fracture fixation, especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis. </p>

Reconstruction with condylar reconstruction plate of the defect after hemimandibulectomy due to odontogenic keratocyst: A case report

Reconstruction with condylar reconstruction plate of the defect after hemimandibulectomy due to odontogenic keratocyst: A case report

Prospective Case Study of Outcome of Tibial Plateau Fractures Treated with Locking Condylar Plate.

Introduction: Tibial plateau injury involves the articular surface of the proximal tibia with diverse group of fractures that represent a wide spectrum of severity that challenge even the most experienced surgeons, but with the invent of modern diagnostic technology and the advent of locking plates, results appear to be improving over time.Method: The study was conducted on thirty patients admitted in the department of orthopaedics with diagnoses of tibial plateau fractures treated with Locking Condylar Plate. The patients were followed up for a minimum period of six months and clinico-radiological progression of fracture union with the functional outcome was studied using 100 point rating system devised by Delamarter et al.Result: Twenty-two patients showed excellent results while eight patients had good to fair and none with poor result. The average time for radiological union was 17.5 weeks.Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that while locking condylar plate seems to show excellent results in low energy tibial plateau fractures, it can probably be used to successfully treat patients with high energy fracture patterns without the need for additional medial stabilization.

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of supracondylar femoral fractures from 2010 through 2014 in The Third Affiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic al features and trends of supracondylar femoral fractures in The Third Affiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University during a five-year period from 2010 through 2014. Methods The data of supracondylar femoral fractures treated between January 2010 and December 2014 at our hospital were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system. Their gender, age, fracture side, fracture type, basic demographics, injury causes, operative factors and treatments were analyzed. Results A total of 218 supracondylar femoral fractures were treated, involving 125 males and 93 females(with a male to female ratio of 1. 34∶1). The number of the patients increased year by year from 2010 through 2014. The peak age was from 41 to 50 years in males(25. 26%)and from 51 to 60 years in females(24. 66%). The male to female ratio was 0.79∶1 in the patients over 50 years old. The proportions of famer patients(119, 54. 59%), urban patients(131, 60. 09%), and spring patients(70, 32. 11%)were high. Traffic injury(57. 34%)and high-energy trauma(76. 61%)accounted for the highest proportions. The average age of patients with low-energy injury(fallings)was significantly older than for those with high-energy trauma(P< 0. 05). AO type 33-A3 accounted the largest proportion of the fractures(61. 93%). The most common treatments for the supracondylar femoral fractures were open reduction and internal fixation(88. 07%)and fixation with femoral condylar plate(83. 94%). The most common surgical approach was through the femoral distal lateral one(88. 53%). Conclusions Supracondylar femoral fractures predominated in males 41 to 50 years old and in females 51 to 60 years old. There were more female patients over 50 years old. The fracture occurred more in farmers and in the spring season. Most fractures were AO type 33-A3. High-energy trauma like traffic injury was the main cause. The fractures were mostly treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and femoral condylar plating as well, via the femoral distal lateral approach. Key words: Femoral fractures; Epidemiology; Gender distribution; Age distribution

Statistical Analyses of Femur Parameters for Designing Anatomical Plates.

Femur parameters are key prerequisites for scientifically designing anatomical plates. Meanwhile, individual differences in femurs present a challenge to design well-fitting anatomical plates. Therefore, to design anatomical plates more scientifically, analyses of femur parameters with statistical methods were performed in this study. The specific steps were as follows. First, taking eight anatomical femur parameters as variables, 100 femur samples were classified into three classes with factor analysis and Q-type cluster analysis. Second, based on the mean parameter values of the three classes of femurs, three sizes of average anatomical plates corresponding to the three classes of femurs were designed. Finally, based on Bayes discriminant analysis, a new femur could be assigned to the proper class. Thereafter, the average anatomical plate suitable for that new femur was selected from the three available sizes of plates. Experimental results showed that the classification of femurs was quite reasonable based on the anatomical aspects of the femurs. For instance, three sizes of condylar buttress plates were designed. Meanwhile, 20 new femurs are judged to which classes the femurs belong. Thereafter, suitable condylar buttress plates were determined and selected.