Formation Of Conductive Films Research Articles

Copper Corrole Electropolymers

The electrochemical polymerization of the copper complex of 5,10,15-tris-(4-aminophenyl) corrole leads to the formation of conductive films, which have been deposited onto interdigitated electrodes to develop chemoresistive sensors. These devices are of interest because of their facile miniaturization and integration into low-cost electronic circuits. It is interesting to note that the properties of these films, such as morphology, semiconducting nature and sensitivity, can be tuned by modifying the synthetic electropolymerization protocols. This opportunity can allow the preparation of cross-selective sensors that can be integrated into miniaturized conductometric electronic nose platforms.

Development of disposable electrode for the detection of mosquito-borne viruses.

Development of disposable, rapid, and convenient biosensor with high sensitivity and reliability is the most desired method of viral disease prevention. To achieve this goal, in this work, a practical impedimetric biosensor has been implemented into a disposable electrode on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of two mosquito-borne viruses. The biosensor fabrication has step-wisely carried out on the disposable electrode surface at room temperature: starting from conductive film formation, physical binding of the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-polyaniline (PAni) into the conductive film, and biofunctionalization. To get the maximum efficiency of the antibody, biotinylated antibody has been conjugated on the surface of AuNP-PAni/PAni-SPCE via the streptavidin-biotin conjugation method which is a critical factor for the high sensitivity. Using the antibody-antigen interaction, this disposable electrode has designed to detect mosquito-borne infectious viruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) separately in a wide linear range of 100fgmL-1 to 1ngmL-1 with a low detection limit of 1.33 and 12.31fgmL-1 , respectively.

Features of the formation of conductive films during thermal and laser sintering of silver nanoparticles stabilized by an ethoxylated carboxylic acid

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of ~ 6 nm in size were synthesized by the reduction of silver 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetate by benzyl alcohol acting both as the solvent and as the reducer. The as-synthesized Ag NPs were dispersed in a mixture of nontoxic solvents with different boiling temperatures (butanol and propylene glycol ethers) to prepare ink. The ink was spin-coated on polyimide films and processed with thermal and laser sintering. After thermal sintering, the silver films have a non-uniform structure and contain many voids, causing their resistivity to be quite high (28 µΩ×cm). Laser sintering of the Ag NPs inks spin-coated on a polyimide film using a fiber laser operating at a wavelength of 1.064 µm in a pulse-periodic mode results in a uniform film structure, almost without voids, with a lower resistivity of 2.3 µΩ×cm. Laser sintering in this case is a promising method to fabricate conductive patterns on various substrates, including polymer flexible ones.

Synthesis and Concentration of Organosols of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by AOT: Emulsion Versus Microemulsion.

In this work, we tried to combine the advantages of microemulsion and emulsion synthesis to obtain stable concentrated organosols of Ag nanoparticles, promising liquid-phase materials. Starting reagents were successively introduced into a micellar solution of sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in n-decane in the dynamic reverse emulsion mode. During the contact of the phases, Ag+ passes into micelles and Na+ passes into emulsion microdroplets through the cation exchange AOTNaOrg + AgNO3Aq = AOTAgOrg + NaNO3Aq. High concentrations of NaNO3 and hydrazine in the microdroplets favor an osmotic outflow of water from the micelles, which reduces their polar cavities to ∼2 nm. As a result, silver ions are contained in the micelles, and the reducing agent is present mostly in emulsion microdroplets. The reagents interact in the polar cavities of micelles to form ∼7 nm Ag nanoparticles. The produced nanoparticles are positively charged, which permitted their electrophoretic concentration to obtain liquid concentrates (up to 30% Ag) and a solid Ag-AOT composite (up to 75% Ag). Their treatment at 250 °C leads to the formation of conductive films (180 mOhm per square). The developed technique makes it possible to increase the productivity of the process by ∼30 times and opens up new avenues of practical application for the well-studied microemulsion synthesis.

Synergetic Effect of Blended Alkylamines for Copper Complex Ink To Form Conductive Copper Films.

Cu(II) complex ink consisting of copper formate (Cuf) and a primary alkylamine could yield highly conductive copper films at low heating temperatures without a reducing atmosphere. A synergetic effect of the blended alkylamines on the formation of conductive films was observed. It was found that blending two types of amines with different alkyl chain lengths as ligands could improve the conductivity of copper films, compared with using one of these amines alone. The decomposition mechanism of the Cuf-amine complex and the role of amines with different alkyl chain lengths were investigated. It was found that the decrease in the decomposition temperature and the formation of copper films were attributed to the activating effect and capping effect of the amine, and these two effects were dependent on the alkyl chain length. The relative intensity of the dual effects determined the decomposition rate of the complex and the nucleation and growth of particles. The use of blended amines with different alkyl chain lengths as ligands could balance the two effects and lead to appropriate nucleation and growth rates, so that densely packed copper films with low resistivity could be obtained at low heating temperature in a short time. The Cuf-butylamine-octylamine (Cuf-butyl-octyl) ink with 1:1 molar ratio of the amines showed the best performance. The understanding of the synergetic effect could provide guidance to the design of copper complex inks to control the morphology of the films.

Electropolimerization of Functionalizaed Carbazole End-Capped Dendrimers. Formation of Conductive Films

A series of peripherally carbazole functionalized dendrimeric starburst monomers were synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical polymerization over Pt and indium tin oxide electrodes of fully π-conjugated dendrimers allows the generation of electro-active polymeric films. Dendrimers were design with and without electroactive central core (triphenylamine) connected to peripherals moieties, which influence the physicochemical characteristics of the electrogenerated polymers. The versatile electropolymerization methodology allows the generation of thin films of hyperbranched macromolecules with good electrical conductivity, reversible electrochemical processes and electrochromic properties.

Porous Gold Films Fabricated by Wet-Chemistry Processes

Porous gold films presented in this paper are formed by combining gold electroless deposition and polystyrene beads templating methods. This original approach allows the formation of conductive films (2 × 106 (Ω·cm)−1) with tailored and interconnected porosity. The porous gold film was deposited up to 1.2 μm on the silicon substrate without delamination. An original zirconia gel matrix containing gold nanoparticles deposited on the substrate acts both as an adhesion layer through the creation of covalent bonds and as a seed layer for the metallic gold film growth. Dip-coating parameters and gold electroless deposition kinetics have been optimized in order to create a three-dimensional network of 20 nm wide pores separated by 20 nm thick continuous gold layers. The resulting porous gold films were characterized by GIXRD, SEM, krypton adsorption-desorption, and 4-point probes method. The process is adaptable to different pore sizes and based on wet-chemistry. Consequently, the porous gold films presented in this paper can be used in a wide range of applications such as sensing, catalysis, optics, or electronics.

DNA binding to electropolymerized N‐substituted polypyrrole surfaces

AbstractThis study explores the use of N‐substituted polypyrroles as a route for localizing DNA molecules onto conducting surfaces. N‐substituted pyrrole monomers containing N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl groups for DNA binding reactions were synthesized. These monomers were electro‐copolymerized under different conditions on platinum or gold working electrodes in a three‐electrode/single compartment cell. Subsequent DNA reactions were performed by incubating the resulting polymer conductive films with amino‐substituted DNA sequences. In addition, the electro‐copolymerization reactions of pyrrole monomers were conducted on preselected electrode positions of the Molecular Nanosystems (MNS) wafers and the formation of conductive films was demonstrated. In these experiments, it was determined also that by controlling the electro‐copolymerization reactions, the conductive films can be restricted to grow on specific locations of the MNS wafer. This was achieved by electrically passivating the chosen electrodes with self‐assembled multilayers (SAM)s of alkane thiols. Hexadecane thiol (HDT) was found the most efficient in forming SAMs and in preventing the pyrrole electropolymerization. Various analytical techniques including AFM, IR, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the monomers, the electropolymerized polymers, and the attachment of amine‐terminated DNA to polypyrrole copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6014–6024, 2009

Conductive Film Formation by Ink-jet using Individually Dispersed Nanoparticle Ink

Conductive Film Formation by Ink-jet using Individually Dispersed Nanoparticle Ink

Electric Conductive Film Formation by Ink-jet Printing using Individually Dispersed Nano-particle Ink Formed by Production Scale Gas Evaporation Method

Electric Conductive Film Formation by Ink-jet Printing using Individually Dispersed Nano-particle Ink Formed by Production Scale Gas Evaporation Method

Doping of polyaniline by transition metal salts: effect of metal cation on the film morphology

Transition metal salts have been employed as dopants leading to conductive polyaniline (PANI) films. These dopants were found to be able to interact with polyaniline chains directly and to induce changes in morphology of polyaniline films, thus leading to the metal cation-induced processibility of these films. It was found two opposite tendencies of doping, resulting in formation of conductive films with different morphologies. The typical salts leading to these opposite tendencies are NiCl 2, EuCl 3, on the one hand, and ZnCl 2 on the other hand, respectively.

Spectroelectrochemical studies of cobalt(II) porphyrins with paracyclophanyl, pyridinium and nucleoside substituents

This work describes the synthesis of novel cobalt complexes of porphyrins: ( meso-tetrakis [2.2]paracyclophanylporphyrinato)cobalt(II) (T(PCP)PCo(II)); ( meso-mono[2.2]paracyclophanyltriphenylporphyrinato)cobalt(II) (PCPPCo(II)); ( meso-tetrakis(5′-0- p-phenylene-2′,3′-0-isopropylideneuridine)porphyrinato)cobalt(II) (TPUPCo(II)), and ( meso-5′-0- p-phenylene-2′,3′-0-isopropylideneuridinetri( N-methyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrinato)cobalt(II) (PUPCo(II)). The redox properties of these complexes were characterized by voltammetry and UV—visible spectroelectrochemistry. The effects of the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of the substituents on the electrochemical and spectroscopic data obtained are described and discussed. These compounds are the first examples of a linkage of a biomolecule, such as uridine, with the porphyrin system. These porphyrins also undergo electrochemical polymerization with the formation of conductive films.

A novel meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyltriphenylporphyrin; electrochemical oxidation and conductive polymeric film formation

The electrochemical oxidation, conductive film formation, and electrocatalytic properties of meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyltriphenylporphyrin were investigated.

The formation of conductive films on polyimide by ion-beam-induced decomposition of metal compounds

Thin films of palladium diacetate, palladium dichloride, and palladium dibromide on polyimide substrates have been irradiated with H +, H + 2, 3He +, 4He +, Ne +, ar +, Kr + and Xe + ion beams in the energy range from 35 keV to 2 MeV. Gas evolution was seen during bombardment, after which the films to various degrees appeared metal-like. Conductivity has been induced by heavy-ion bombardment, giving sheet-resistance values between 10 5 and 13 Ω/□ and resistivity values down to 50 μΩ cm for ion doses between 5 × 10 13 and 2.5 × 10 15 ions cm 2 . The mechanism of the ion-decomposition process has been investigated by high-energy, light-ion irradiations, and it was found to be related to both nuclear- and electronic-stopping processes, ruling out any beam-heating effects. The selectivity of the decomposition has been demonstrated, producing 5–6 μm features.

Electrochemical reactivity of aromatic compounds for use in Li cells

The electrochemical reactivity of aromatic compounds coupled with Li in LiClO4-propylene carbonate was studied. Simple aromatic compounds, triphenylmethane compounds and quinone imine dyes were used. Discharge results for aromatic cathode-Li cells indicated that the relation between discharge voltage measured and reduction potential reported was approximately linear, which suggested that the discharge products were ion complexes. Also, the discharge voltage increased with an increase of their electron accepting groups and with a decrease of the electron donating strength of alkyl groups in their amino end groups. Among these compounds, rosaniline derivatives, bromo-substituted phenol red and thiazine dyes showed higher discharge voltages than 2.5 V. Methylene blue (MB) showed the largest energy density of 363 Wh kg−1. Details of MB charge-discharge behavior were examined. The dynamic charge-discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry results suggested that the MB-Li cell could be cycled up to 2e per mol of MB depth. Direct reaction between the Li anode and dissolved MB seemed to be small as indicated by the Li+ ion conductive film formation on the Li anode.