Conductivity Parameters Research Articles

Investigations of free electrons in doped silicon crystals derived from Fourier transformed infrared measurements and ab initio calculations

The reflection spectra of n- and p-type silicon crystals doped with phosphorus and boron were measured for the free carrier concentrations of 1.1 · 1015 cm−3 − 1.2 · 1020 cm−3 in the far- and mid-infrared range between 20–3000 cm−1 using synchrotron radiation and Fourier transformed infrared technique. Transmittance spectra could be measured for lower sample carrier concentrations from the range studied. The measured reflection spectra were fitted by using the Drude relation and the parameters of free electron conductivity (electron effective mass m* and momentum scattering time τ) were obtained for the n- and p-type-doped silicon. Additionally, the calculations of the band electronic structure and the electric conductivity σ of the crystals were performed in the framework of the density functional theory for different carrier concentrations and temperatures. The study main findings are (1) the substantial decrease of the momentum scattering time τ and (2) the clear increase of the electron effective mass m* with an increase of the carrier concentrations Nc for both n- and p-type-doped silicon crystals.

Analysis of heat transfer of second-grade hybrid nanofluid and optimization using response surface methodology for thermal enhancement

The fluid flow and heat transfer applications in coaxial double-revolving disks are extensive and encompass multiple engineering and scientific disciplines. This study presents a comprehensive heat transfer analysis in a second-grade hybrid nanofluid. The fluid, influenced by variable thermal conductivity, is confined between two rotating disks in a magnetohydrodynamic Darcy-Forchheimer flow. The hybrid nanofluid combines titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles with engine oil. These issues have not been addressed in previous research. Similarity transformations make flow equations dimensionless. The resulting equations are solved using a semi-analytical approach called the homotopy analysis method (HAM). This approach provides flexibility in selecting the base function and an initial estimate. The temperature profile improved with higher values of the variable thermal conductivity parameter. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate was enhanced by increasing the variable thermal conductivity, the volume fraction concentration of TiO2, and the Reynolds number.The sensitivity analysis is performed using response surface methodology (RSM). Both the R-squared and adjusted R-squared values attain 100%. The heat transfer rate is found to have a maximum sensitivity of 0.50243 towards varying thermal conductivity parameters and a minimum sensitivity of -0.00666 towards magnetic field parameters. The research utilizes RSM to elucidate methods for improving heat transfer. This work offers practical solutions for developing more efficient thermal management systems. This research provides practical strategies for improving thermal management systems. These solutions are especially useful in rotating machinery-intensive industries. Designing biochemical and pharmaceutical microfluidic pumps and mixers requires understanding hybrid nanofluid flows between spinning disks.

Groundwater quality mapping based on the Wilcox Classification method for agricultural purposes: Qazvin Plain aquifer case

Water quality is an essential component in managing surface and groundwater resources and for various uses; it is considered a necessary principle in planning. This study aims to map the groundwater quality of the Qazvin Plain aquifer in Iran for agricultural use based on the Wilcox classification method. For this purpose, the parameters of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of wells in the years 2015-2018 have been used. For interpolation, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method with optimal power and Kriging geostatistical techniques were used based on spherical, exponential, and Gaussian semicircle algorithms. Electrical conductivity and SAR maps were drawn in the GIS platform after selecting the best interpolation method due to minor errors. The Wilcox method was used to classify the water quality of the studied wells. In most cases, the IDW method with optimal power was selected as the superior interpolation method. During the study, the results obtained from the water quality maps showed that the level attributed to the "high salinity" water class increased from 25.98 to 36.44, and the level attributed to the "slightly salty" water class decreased from 12.54 to 3.14. Finally, the results showed that the quality of underground water for agricultural purpose in the Qazvin Plain aquifer became more unfavourable during the studied period

Multidimensional Assessment of Orthorexia Nervosa: A Case-Control Study Comparing Eating Behavior, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Body Mass Index, Psychological Symptoms, and Autonomic Arousal.

Background: The research on orthorexia nervosa (ON) has thoroughly outlined the connection between it and various mental disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorders and eating disorders, in addition to stress. However, research has not considered psychophysical stress and other measures of psychophysical health, such as adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods: This cross-sectional and case-control research involved 63 students from the University of Parma, aged between 18 and 49 years. The ORTO-15 questionnaire was utilized to categorize the entire sample into two groups: one without orthorexia (score > 35) and another with orthorexia (score < 35). All subjects were assessed with the Psychophysiological Stress Profile (PSP) and completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). In addition, they were interviewed using the PREDIMED questionnaire to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results: Subjects with orthorexia represented 38.10% of the total sample and reported a higher BMI than controls, although the PREDIMED score did not show a difference in adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The EDI-3 highlighted emotional dysregulation and hypercontrol in students with orthorexia, and a dissociation between subjective and objective measures of stress emerged. Particularly, the psychophysiological parameters of skin conductance, heart rate, and heart rate variability showed greater reactivity to stressful stimuli, but no difference was noted in psychological symptoms. Conclusions: These findings confirmed the presence of alterations in eating behavior in people with orthorexia as well as a higher BMI. It was hypothesized that hypercontrol might favor the perception of psychological well-being at a subjective level, although inadequate management of stress emerged at an objective psychophysiological level. Further studies are needed to highlight the causality between ON, hypercontrol, diet, and psychophysical stress, given that students with orthorexia present a dysregulation of emotions associated with greater autonomic arousal.

Factors affecting iron and manganese dissolution in groundwater: treatments with simultaneous oxidation and precipitation methods

ABSTRACT This study explores variations in groundwater (GW) pH, conductivity, ammonium, iron, and manganese parameters to reveal prospective interactions having an impact on the dissolved metal concentrations. To this end, bivariate and partial correlation procedures were applied to the data to obtain incisive evaluation. Besides characterisation efforts, photocatalytic iron and manganese removal experiments were also carried out with Ni-doped TiO2 nano-composite thin films (TFs) on real GW samples. UV-A (365 nm) An LED array was used as the illumination source. The experimental setup was based on three treatment routes including photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), NaOH-aided precipitation and PCO with simultaneous precipitation (SPCO-P). The main statistical analysis and treatment efforts have been performed on data and samples of a single well, respectively (N = 15). However, extended statistical analysis has also been performed on larger data groups (N = 1366) obtained from different GW sources as well. Analytical results have revealed that about 90% of iron and manganese were in oxidised forms which do not precipitate by simple pH regulation. Statistical analysis has also revealed significant interactions between metal concentrations and observed parameters depending on the level of pH and conductivity. Furthermore, the SPCO-P strategy has provided a four-fold increase in reaction rate (pseudo-first-order, kobs: 0.04 min−1). Removal efficiencies of iron and manganese also increased from 10% to 96% – 85%, respectively.

A New Innovative Approach with Revised Pythagorean Fuzzy SWARA in Assessing of Soil Erodibility Factor

Soil erosion is a significant issue that threatens to soil in land degradation processes. The soil erodibility factor is a crucial tool for assessing the susceptibility of soils to erosion. The main aim of this study was to compare the results obtained using the Pythagorean Fuzzy-SWARA method which evaluates the impact weights of the criteria considered for the soil erodibility factor of the soils in the micro-basins located in the district of Çarşamba district of Samsun province, with the results obtained using the formula developed by Wischmeier and Smith. To achieve this case, 78 surface soil samples were collected from micro basins and analyzed for organic matter, clay, sand, silt, very fine sand, degree of structure, and hydraulic conductivity parameters. The erodibility factor was then calculated using these data, and spatial distribution maps were created for both methods. In this study, a revised of the Pythagorean Fuzzy-SWARA approach is proposed to calculate the weight values of the criteria. The values were 0.418 for organic matter, 0.227 for clay, 0.120 for degree of structure, 0.100 for hydraulic conductivity, 0.058 for sand, 0.053 for silt, and 0.039 for very fine sand. Soil erodibility values were determined using a linear combination approach, which normalized all parameter values by a standard scoring function. In estimating soil erodibility, our revised Pythagorean Fuzzy-SWARA approach was found to have a significant relationship with the soil erodibility factor method (R2 = 0.691 at the 1% level) compared to the soil erodibility factor method in estimating soil erodibility. Consequently, the method developed here suggests that fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods can be an alternative approach for determining the soil erodibility factor.

Gender Differences in Nerve Conduction Parameters of Upper Limb Nerves in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are essential diagnostic tools for evaluating peripheral nerve function. The influence of gender on nerve conduction parameters, such as conduction velocity, latency, and amplitude, remains a topic of interest. Previous studies have suggested gender differences in nerve conduction but have not provided definitive conclusions. Objective: This study aims to compare the nerve conduction parameters of the upper limb nerves (median, ulnar, and radial) in healthy male and female adults. Material and Methods: A total of 100 healthy adults (50 males and 50 females) were selected for this study. NCSs were performed on the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, measuring parameters including conduction velocity, latency, and amplitude. Results: The male group exhibited significantly faster conduction velocities, shorter latencies, and higher amplitudes compared to the female group. The median nerve showed the most pronounced gender differences in conduction velocity. Conclusion: Gender differences in nerve conduction parameters were evident, with males showing faster conduction and higher amplitude. These differences should be considered in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of NCSs and diagnosis.

Thermal Distribution in Fins of Different Geometries With Temperature and Wavelength Dependent Properties

ABSTRACTIn this research work, we developed a mathematical model of heat transfer for different profiles of fins. This paper investigates heat transfer dynamics in continuously moving fins (rectangular, trapezoidal and concave parabolic), focusing on temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficients, internal heat generation and emissivity that varies with temperature and wavelength. The different values of the heat transfer coefficient capture various types of convection, nucleate boiling, condensation, and radiation effects, while treating thermal conductivity as a linear function of temperature. This problem is converted into a dimensionless form, and we adopted the Legendre wavelet collocation method (LWCM) to get the solution of the fin problem for various profiles. An exact solution in specific cases shows congruence up to seven to eight decimal places with LWCM results. Moreover, our analysis explores the effect of numerous non‐dimensional parameters such as thermal conductivity parameter , Peclet number , surface emissivity parameter B, convention‐conduction parameter , radiation‐conduction parameter , internal heat generation , D fin taper ratio on the temperature profile and fin efficiency were studied in detail. As , , and B, D increases in magnitude, the temperature inside the fin decreases, while higher values of Peclet number (), A, m, and Q cause lower heat transfer rate inside the fin. The results provide significant insights into the complex interplay of thermal processes across different fin geometries, emphasizing the importance of these dependencies for accurate modeling and optimization in thermal management systems.

Polaronic transport and magnetic field dependence of conduction parameters in rGO-CFO nanocomposites

Abstract In this paper we report the AC conductivity σ and magnetoconductivity Δσ% of a series of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite (rGO-CFO) composites in which the mass ratio of rGO:CFO has been systematically varied over six compositions. The conductivity measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 3 MHz showed an anomalous increase with the CFO content in the composite, even though the conductivity of CFO is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that of rGO. Magnetoconductivity measured in fields upto 2000 Oe displayed both negative and positive values depending on the rGO:CFO ratio. Maximum magnetoconductivity of ~ +14% was obtained at room temperature in a magnetic field of only 750 Oe. Samples having the largest σ and Δσ% values also showed significant softening/hardening of the Raman active modes of CFO, indicating polaronic transport in these composites. Fits of σ(f) data to a power law σ(f) = σo + Afn showed that parameters A and n depend strongly on the applied magnetic field. This dependence is qualitatively and quantitatively different for samples that display positive or negative magnetoconductivity. Although the temperature dependence of these conduction parameters has been extensively studied, we have not come across any reports of their field dependence. Based on these observations we present a surface polaron model in which hybridization of π-orbitals of graphene with surface states of CFO nanoparticles provide for a polaron conduction mechanism through a grid of CFO nanoparticles intercalated with rGO sheets.

Proximal Median Nerve Conduction Velocity Slowing in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, characterised by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Traditional understanding views CTS as a distal compression issue, but recent evidence suggests potential proximal involvement. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of proximal median nerve conduction velocity (CV) slowing in CTS patients and examine its association with CTS severity. In this retrospective observational study, data were analysed from 80 CTS patients and 40 controls from the Electrophysiology Lab at a tertiary care institute. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) evaluated the median nerve's conduction velocity and latency. Patients were classified by CTS severity, and nerve conduction parameters were statistically compared between groups. CTS patients exhibited significantly prolonged distal motor latency (DML) (5.2 ± 0.8 ms) and reduced forearm motor conduction velocity (MCV) (55.3 ± 4.1 m/s) compared to controls (P < .01). Approximately 27.45% of CTS hands showed proximal median nerve slowing. The severity classification showed that Grade 3 CTS was the most prevalent (47%), followed by Grade 2 (23%) and Grade 1 (10%). There was a negative correlation between distal latency and forearm conduction velocity, suggesting that as distal latency increases, forearm conduction velocity decreases. Post-operatively, significant improvements were observed in distal latency (mean decrease: 1.2 ± 0.5 ms, P < .01), but median nerve conduction velocity remained unchanged. While there was a trend towards improvement in CMAP amplitude, the difference did not reach statistical significance. A subset of CTS cases exhibits reduced proximal median nerve conduction velocity, which correlates with CTS severity. This suggests retrograde degeneration may contribute to CTS pathology, challenging the traditional view of CTS as a purely distal compression disorder.

Impacts of thermal conductivity and viscosity variation parameters on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with mixed convection and chemical reaction features

Mixed convection Couette flow of biviscosity nanofluid is constructed in the presence of viscosity and thermal conductivity variation parameters. A flow is affected by chemical reactions and heat sources. Using a combination of thermophoresis and Brownian motion features, Buongiorno's framework for nanofluids was used to establish mathematical formulas related to flow, heat/mass transfer under the impact of viscous dissipation, double viscosity, and thermal conductivity fluctuation. Governing equation describes the fluid model in a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and then non-dimensional quantities and Boussinesq’s approximations are used to obtain a new system of ODEs. The leading system’s results are constructed by a semi-analytical method called homotopy perturbation method (HPM). All obtained graphical results are proposed in terms of y versus different physical quantities of fluid distributions. Outcomes show that the growth in variable thermal conductivity causes a reduction in fluid velocity and temperature, while it causes a rise in nanoparticle concentration. Applications like lubrication, drug carriers and polymer processing can get more opportunities through studies of the present system.

Preliminary Studies on the Use of an Electrical Method to Assess the Quality of Honey and Distinguish Its Botanical Origin

This study aimed to determine the possibility of deploying an innovative electrical method and to establish the usefulness of conductivity and dielectric parameters for assessing the quality of Polish honeys, as well as for distinguishing their botanical origin. An attempt was also made to determine which standard physicochemical parameter could be replaced by conductivity and dielectric parameters. The experimental material consisted of seven varieties of honey (linden, rapeseed, buckwheat, goldenrod, phacelia, multifloral, acacia), obtained from beekeepers from northern Poland. Their quality was assessed based on their physicochemical parameters, biological activity, and color. Electrical parameters were measured using a measuring system consisting of an LCR meter, and own-construction sensor. Conductivity (Z, G) and dielectric (Cs, Cp) parameters were measured. Statistical analysis of the results of measurements of electrical parameters of the seven types of honey tested allowed classifying them in terms of their conductivity properties into two groups of single-flower honeys and one group of multi-flower honeys. This proves the feasibility of identifying their botanical origin using the electrical method, which is characterized by non-invasiveness, measurement speed, and high sensitivity. The usefulness of parameters Z and G in replacing quality parameters was confirmed mainly for single-flower honeys: buckwheat, linden, rapeseed, and phacelia.

Spectrum disorder of RFC1 expansions/CANVAS: Clinical and electrophysiological characterization of a group of 31 patients.

Biallelic expansion of the pentanucleotide AAGGG in the RFC1- gene is associated with cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). This study aimed to comprehensively characterise this condition by conducting an in-depth neurophysiological examination of afflicted patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 RFC1-positive patients. Assessment included clinical examination and electrodiagnostic tests: nerve conduction studies, F waves, needle electromyography, H, blink and masseter reflexes; Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Heart Rate Variability, Sympathetic Skin Response and Electrochemical Skin Conductance, and Quantitative Sensory Test (QST). Medullar tracts were assessed using Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. All patients exhibited moderate to severe sensory axonal neuropathy/neuronopathy, whereas motor nerve conduction parameters and the pyramidal pathway showed no abnormalities. Tibial nerve SEPs were absent or severely attenuated in all patients, and were moderately affected by the median nerve. H-reflexes were preserved in 85.7% and blink reflex in 60% of tested patients. ANS tests yielded predominantly normal results, although 74% demonstrated impaired QST. Our findings highlight the characteristic features of sensory neuropathy/neuronopathy and severe somatosensory deficits, with predominantly preserved H-reflexes and motor sparing. Thermoalgesic fibres are frequently involved, whereas the ANS is relatively preserved. Neurophysiological examinations can objectively characterize the spectrum of RFC1-related disease.

Time - Dependent Magnetohydrodynamic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow with Lorentz Force, Viscous Dissipation and Thermophoresis Between Parallel Plates

The study examined a three-dimensional unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with magnetic induction, Lorentz force, viscous dissipation and thermophoresis between two parallel horizontal plates. In this study, fluid’s dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters have been assumed to vary depending on temperature changes. The density has been assumed to be incompressible and also the study assumes that the gravitational effects are negligible. The governing equations: continuity, Navier-Stokes, Energy, Magnetic Induction and Concentration equations for the non-Newtonian nanofluid flow have been developed and non-dimensionalized. Dimensionless parameters arising from the dimensionless equations have also been determined. Finite difference numerical approximation method has been used to approximate the systems of the governing equations in difference form. Profiles for the flow variables have been presented and discussed. Results show that increasing thermophoresis parameter increases the specie concentration while increasing Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter reduces concentration profiles. Magnetic induction profiles rise with an increase in Reynolds number but declines with an increase in magnetic Prandtl number. Temperature and velocity profiles increase with an increase in Reynolds number. The study of electrically conducting fluids with the consideration of Lorentz force, thermophoresis, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, variable dynamic viscosity, variable thermal conductivity and magnetic induction is very useful in designing heat and mass transfer appliances. It is also significant in cooling and overheating control systems.

Investigating Salt‐Finger Convection Under Time‐Dependent Gravity Modulation in Micropolar Liquids

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how gravity modulation affects salt‐finger convection in a micropolar liquid layer confined between two parallel, infinitely long plates separated by a thin gap. The system is heated and has solute added from above. The study uses linear stability analysis to examine when and how salt‐finger convection, driven by the salt‐finger process, begins. To analyze this, the partial differential equations governing the system are solved numerically using normal mode analysis. The Venezian approach is applied to find the critical Rayleigh number and the solutal Rayleigh number, which are key to understanding the onset of convection. Also, the paper explores how different micropolar fluid parameters—such as the coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter—affect the system when gravity modulation is present. It is found that gravity modulation can either stabilize or destabilize convection, depending on its frequency. At very high frequencies (approaching infinity), the effect of gravity modulation becomes minimal, having little impact on the convection process. The paper also examines the relationship between the critical Rayleigh number and the solutal Rayleigh number, which are related to heat and solute concentration, respectively.

Dynamics of variable thermal conductivity and multiple slip conditions in a Carreau hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet

AbstractThe influence of thermal radiation, multiple slip boundary conditions, and binary chemical reaction on the three‐dimensional circulation of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection Carreau hybrid nanofluid () across a stretching sheet comprised of heat source/sink (H‐SS) and variable thermal conductivity are investigated. Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4th‐5th order (RKF‐45), in conjunction with the shooting approach, is utilized for numerical computation. Computed solutions indicate that the volume fraction of silicon dioxide and velocity slip parameters tends to retard the velocity profile. It is inferred from the graphs that temperature profile upsurges with enhancing the magnitude of thermal Grashof number, H‐SS parameter, mass Grashof number, variable conductivity parameter, and radiative parameter, whereas converse effects for thermal slip parameter. The chemical reaction parameter and solutal slip constraint tend to decrease the concentration profile. Furthermore, the heat transfer phenomenon uplifts with the consideration of radiative effects, while the mass transfer rate diminishes with enhancing the magnitude of magnetic parameters and activation energy.

Electrophysiological Monitoring of Asymptomatic Transthyretin Mutation Carriers.

It is imperative to screen asymptomatic carriers of transthyretin (TTR) mutations to initiate treatment early. The protocol for repeated electrodiagnostic (EDX) assessments over time lacks standardization. Our aim was to report the electrophysiological evolution of a cohort of asymptomatic carriers and to determine which biomarkers were most sensitive to change. We performed a retrospective review of medical records of asymptomatic carriers identified by screening families with amyloid neuropathy. Carriers who underwent two EDX assessments with a minimum 1-year interval between studies were selected. EDX included analysis of median, ulnar, tibial, fibular and sural nerves, motor unit number index (MUNIX), electrochemical skin conductance, sympathetic skin response, and heart rate variability on deep breathing. Measurements were compared at first and second examinations. Twenty-three carriers were included with a median age of 49 years (interquartile range 37-58). Median time between examinations was 3 years (2-4). Compound muscle and sensory nerve action potential (CMAP and SNAP) amplitudes, nerve conduction velocities, autonomic small fiber testing and MUNIX remained stable except for motor distal latency of the median nerve (+0.07 ms/year) and CMAP duration of the ulnar (+0.10 ms/year) and fibular (+0.12 ms/year) nerves. The CMAP duration of the ulnar nerve was the most sensitive biomarker to change when performed within 10 years preceding the age of the youngest case in the family, with a standardized response mean of 0.91. Nerve conduction parameters remain relatively stable in asymptomatic TTR carriers. Changes can only be detected using multimodal and extensive electrophysiological tests.

Electrocardiographic Early Changes After Abdominoplasty.

Abdominoplasty aims to reduce the abdominal excess tissue and tighten the abdominal wall. The tightening of the abdominal wall has structural and habitual consequences on the body, which might have an early effect on electrocardiography (ECG) of the patients through volumetric and pressure changes in thoracic and abdominal cavities. ECG serves as a diagnostic tool for assessing cardiac electrical conductions in routine clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to examine whether abdominoplasty has any discernible effect on early ECG results, with the goal of assessing potential cardiological benefits for the patients undergoing this procedure by comparing pre- and early postoperative ECGs. Study population included 49 patients who had abdominoplasty. ECG records before the procedure and 12-24h after the surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Patients had no known cardiac diseases and did not have any diagnosed arrhythmia. The mean age of the study population was 37.1 ± 8.5. The mean body mass index of the study population was 26.4. The mean weight of total removed abdominal skin tissue was 1057 grams. There were significant changes in ECG of the patients postoperatively. Heart rate was increased, and significant change was found in QRS axis (p < 0.001) and T wave axis (p < 0.001). Atrial conduction parameters such as PR duration (p < 0.001), Pmax duration (p = 0.001) and P-wave dispersion (p = 0.003) were significantly changed postoperatively. Ventricular conduction parameters such as QRS duration (p = 0.029), QT interval (p < 0.001), QTc (p < 0.001), TPe duration (p < 0.001), TPe / QT (p < 0.001) and TPe / QTc (p < 0.001) ratios were found significantly changed. Abdominoplasty changes the intra-abdominal pressure in the first 24h after the surgery, which may impact cardiac conduction. The understanding and recognition of possible early ECG changes is crucial during postoperative follow-up of the patients who undergo abdominoplasty surgery. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Estimating Groundwater Inflow to The Underground Mine Works using a 3D Groundwater Model at Vein Kubang Cicau, UBPE Pongkor

Estimating groundwater inflow to underground mines is essential for ensuring that mining activities can be conducted safely and continuously. Research conducted at UBPE Pongkor indicates that the veins have the fault connectivity with the Kubang Cicau vein showing potential for deeper mining, while other veins are expected to become exhausted. As the result, the Kubang Cicau vein will likely be at a lower elevation in the future. Planning decisions regarding groundwater control measures, such as dewatering, can be made in advance, contributing to a more efficient assessment of the economic feasibility of mining development. Groundwater modeling using MODFLOW software predicted a maximum groundwater discharge of 55 L/s. To address the model uncertainty, a sensitivity analysis was performed by increasing the hydraulic conductivity parameter by two order of magnitude, as this value significantly affects groundwater inflow. Conversely, decreasing the hydraulic conductivity by two order resulted in a new discharge estimate of 87 L/s. In the worst-case scenario, with the highest specific storage values, the inflow increased to 76 L/s. This demonstrates that although changes in specific storage have a notable effect on groundwater inflows, the impact is less pronounced compared to the changes in hydraulic conductivity. Nonetheless, Ss remains a key parameter, particularly in transient simulations where storage plays a more significant role in the system response to changes in water levels.

Modeling water balance components of conifer species using the Noah-MP model in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem

Abstract. Few studies have investigated the performance of land surface models for semiarid Mediterranean forests. This study aims to parameterize and test the performance of the Noah-MP land surface model for an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. To this end, we calibrated the model for root zone soil moisture and transpiration of two conifer species, Pinus brutia, and Cupressus sempervirens, in a plantation forest on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The study area has a long-term average annual rainfall of 315 mm. Observations from 4 sap flow and 48 soil moisture sensors, for the period from December 2020 to June 2022, were used for model parameterization. A local sensitivity analysis found that the surface infiltration (REFKDT), hydraulic conductivity (SATDK), and stomatal resistance (RSMIN) parameters had the highest impacts on the water balance components (soil evaporation, tree transpiration, surface runoff, and drainage). The model performed better during the wetter 9-month validation period (379 mm rain) than during the drier 10-month calibration period (175 mm rain). Average soil moisture in the top 60 cm of the soil profile was reasonably well captured for both species (daily Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency &gt; 0.80 for validation). Among the three soil layers, the second layer (20–40 cm) showed better simulation performance during both periods and for both species. The model exhibited limitations with respect to simulating transpiration, particularly during the drier calibration period. The inclusion of a root distribution function in the model, along with the monitoring of soil moisture below the 60 cm soil depth in the field, could improve the accuracy of model simulations in such water-limited ecosystems.