Conducting Field Research Research Articles

Deep learning based identification and interpretability research of traditional village heritage value elements: a case study in Hubei Province

The preservation and transmission of traditional villages is crucial to the prosperity and development of ethnic cultures. However, current traditional village surveys usually require a large number of experts and scholars to conduct field research, which is an expensive and time-consuming method, especially for large-scale tasks. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic classification method based on deep learning (DL) for the identification of traditional village heritage value elements (TVHVE). The study evaluates four selected convolutional neural network (CNN) frames using traditional villages in Hubei Province as a sample dataset. The results show that Residual Network152 (ResNet152) is the most suitable CNN frame for identifying TVHVE in Hubei. The stability and consistency of various TVHVE present in the ResNet152 model were evaluated using Area Under Curve (AUC) and Precision Recall Curve (PRC), which indicated satisfactory prediction performance for most elements, except for specific elements such as tombstones and stone carvings, which showed lower accuracy. In addition, the study sheds light on the areas of concern of the model with respect to different TVHVE images and elucidates the reasons behind the confusion between elements through semantic clustering based on image classification and interpretability analysis using the Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) heat map. By using an automated classification method based on DL, this study significantly reduces the cost and effort associated with traditional surveys. At the same time, insight into areas of concern and confusion in the model improves guidance for conservation efforts and provides valuable references for subsequent research.

Evaluation of Nurses' Competence in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at AL-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a widely acknowledged medical method that involves applying chest compressions and artificial ventilation to ensure sufficient blood circulation to the brain and other vital organs. Approach: An observational study was carried out at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital between October 15, 2023, and March 30, 2024. A non-probability cross-sectional sample was selected from 50 nurses in the cardiac care, intensive care, emergency, and pulmonary resuscitation units. Information was collected by preparing a questionnaire. It was built for the study, and data was collected through a personal interview. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part included 7. Paragraphs and the second part contain 25 paragraphs. Information was collected using a personal interview method for the study sample, and its credibility was determined by presenting it to 10 experts. Results: The results of the study indicated that the majority of nurses have little knowledge about cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The cognitive weakness of the nursing staff does not affect gender and age, nor does it affect the number of years of service, place of work, training, and efficiency of cardiac resuscitation. Still, there is a relationship between their knowledge and academic qualification. Recommendations: he emphasized the necessity of involving nurses in scientific rehabilitation courses related to cardiac resuscitation. It is necessary to conduct field research to stop this problem and stimulate nursing creativity in this field.

Dampak Restrukturisasi Perjanjian Kredit Terhadap Jaminan HakTanggunganDalam Upaya Penyelamatan Kredit Bermasalah

The aim of this research is to determine the impact of credit agreement restructuring on mortgage guarantees in aneffort to rescue problem loans. To achieve this goal, the approach method used is empirical juridical. Data sourcesinclude primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly by conducting field research in theform of free, guided interviews with respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data consists of primary legal materials,secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively.Conclusion: Based on the results of research and analysis of data collected by the author, it is concluded that theimpact of credit agreement restructuring on mortgage guarantees in efforts to save problematic loans is: theposition of collateral whose credit agreement has been restructured through an addendum deed is that theguarantee remains valid because the object of the guarantee Bank Jateng has charged it with a guarantee institutionin the form of a mortgage which has the characteristic of always following the object being pledged as collateral inthe hands of whoever the object is in (droid de suite). Then, for the initial credit agreement which has beenrestructured through an addendum, it remains in effect as a binding condition between legal subjects in their legalrelationship and the addendum cannot be separated from the original credit agreement.Keywords: Impact, Restructuring, Credit Agreement, Mortgage Rights, Problematic Credit

Proses Penerbitan Dokumen Persetujuan Keagenan Kapal Asing (PKKA) pada PT. Pelayaran Dwi Putra Laksana Batam

The Approval of Foreign Ship Agency (PKKA) is a requirement in the form of a letter obtained from the system established by the Ministry of Transportation. This letter is useful when the Shipping Agency tasked with representing foreign ships in Indonesian ports, or appointed by the shipowner to carry out duties. Approval for foreign-flagged vessel agencies serves the PKKA Tramper route to support domestic and international maritime transport. The registration of foreign ships involves adding data or registering ships in Simlala that have never entered or been represented by the respective company due to the absence of the ship's name on the Approval of Foreign Ship Agency (PKKA). If the ship has already entered an Indonesian port through the respective agency, there is no need to register the ship in the Simlala system. Simlala is an innovation from the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, involving the use of online systems or the internet in ship and port services, with Port Authorities as the implementers, to keep up with the developments in the maritime world, where the speed of port services is crucial. In the Simlala system, shipping companies have accounts registered with the Port Authority, and anyone wishing to access the Simlala system must also have an account used to request ship services. In writing this paper, the author conducted field research, including observation, which is the most dominant method used, as well as interview and library research methods.

Полевые дневники Б.А. Куфтина, руководителя Тунгусской экспедиции, как источники эпохи становления советской этнографии

The article analyzes the travel diaries of the head of the Tunguska expedition of 1927–1928, Boris Kuftin (1892–1953). Methods and materials. Participants of the Tunguska Expedition conducted field research on Lake Baikal and the Far East in places where Evenks, Nanais, Negidals, Nivkhs, Oroches, and Udeges people lived. They collected valuable ethnographic materials about the ethnocultural features of settlement, types of dwellings, fishing activities, life cycle rituals, shamanism, holidays, and features of the language and folklore of the Tunguso-Manchus and Paleoasiats. Field notebooks of B.A. Kuftin are stored in St. Petersburg, in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and contain a large volume of ethnographic and anthropological information, drawings, shamanic texts, and various life support technologies. Results. However, in addition to them, the scientific heritage of the scientist has a travel diary, which reflects personal road observations and impressions of B.A. Kuftin, subjective characteristics of regional transport infrastructure in the first quarter of the 20th century, his own assessments of the development of Siberian and far Eastern historical science, their relationship with world science, and museum business in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. During the route, B.A. Kuftin met a large number of scientists – representatives of different scientific disciplines – who showed aspects of their complex social relations at the time.

Mitigative translocation of Singleton Mint Bush (Prostanthera cineolifera) on the NSW North Coast: Effects of soil texture, horticultural practice and bushfire on the translocation outcome

SummaryTranslocation of the threatened species Singelton Mint Bush (Prostanthera cineolifera R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.) was carried out for a highway project on the New South Wales North Coast to mitigate development impact on this species. The translocation aimed to augment an existing population with propagated plants to compensate for cleared plants and conduct field research to better understand the effects of soil properties, horticultural practices and a wildfire on translocation results. A novel soil seedbank and fire method applied ex‐situ was used to propagate plants for introduction. After an initial attempt at site‐wide introduction resulted in widespread mortality of seedlings from a wilt disease, three plot‐based experiments were carried out to examine how disease incidence was related to spatial variation in soil properties and horticultural practices. The experiments showed that relatively subtle changes in the clay and sand content of soil strongly affected susceptibility of Singelton Mint Bush seedlings to wilt disease; 12 month old seedlings performed much better than 6 month old seedlings; plants propagated from seed performed better than cuttings, and most of the recipient site represented unsuitable habitat for Singelton Mint Bush. Sufficient Singelton Mint Bush seedlings were established after 3 years, but after a bushfire, the translocated cohort recruited poorly from seed, so that after 6 years, <10% of the total Singelton Mint Bush population in the recipient site was of translocated origin and >90% of in‐situ (pre‐translocation) origin. Lessons learnt from the translocation project were that: (i) microhabitat is as important as macrohabitat in selecting a translocation recipient site; (ii) short‐term survival may not be a reliable indicator of a self‐sustaining population; (iii) translocation incorporating designed experiments can greatly improve understanding of how certain factors influence species performance and (iv) horticultural practices can be as important as ecology in determining the translocation outcome.

Embracing the Crisis of Research Design: How the Collapse of Case Selection in the Field Can Uncover New Discoveries

Political science has seen a welcome increase in guidance on conducting field research, which recognizes the need for adaptability. But while disciplinary conversations on “iterating” in the field have advanced, strategies for adapting to the breakdown of one’s case selection—an all-too-frequent problem faced by field researchers—remain underspecified. I synthesize the sources of case selection collapse and puts forward four strategies to help scholars iterate when things fall apart: 1) rethinking what constitutes a “case” when fieldwork upends one’s understanding of the population to which the original case(s) belong; 2) reorienting the object of analysis from outcomes to processes when new insights question the values of the outcome variable within one’s original case(s); 3) returning to dominant theoretical models as a source of comparison when unanticipated changes cut off data or field site access; and 4) dropping case(s) that become extraneous amid fieldwork-induced changes in the project’s comparative logic. By embracing these moments of seeming crisis, we can more productively train field researchers to make the most of the inductive discoveries and new theoretical insights that often emerge when one’s original plans fall apart.

Young People and the Fragmentation of Religious Authority: Study of Youth Movements and the Spirit of Islamic Da’wah in Indonesia

The rise of religious authority among young people in Indonesia has become increasingly prominent, particularly with the proliferation of da'wah movements across diverse domains. This trend is evidenced by the surge of Islamic activism initiated by Indonesian youth. This study seeks to explore the methods through which young individuals assert and cultivate their religious influence and the ethos of Islamic resurgence within the public sphere. Conducting field research in Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Lumajang, supplemented by netnography examining youth social behaviors and existing literature, this paper unveils several key findings. Firstly, young Indonesians establish da'wah communities in various formats, such as majelis shalawat, sarwah, and majlas. Secondly, they exhibit a preference for popular shalawat music in the Indonesian language. Thirdly, there is a widespread utilization of social media platforms as a means of disseminating their da'wah messages. Lastly, young Muslims manifest their religious authority through fashionable and contemporary styles of dress.

ANALISIS TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI GARAM DI KABUPATEN SAMPANG

Madura Island or commonly called "salt island" is one of the largest salt producers in Indonesia, where people, especially those around the coast, work as salt farmers. Sumenep Regency, Pamekasan Regency and Sampang Regency are the three largest producers in Madura. The author took one district to be analyzed as research material, namely Sampang Regency, precisely in Pangerangan village. Sampang consists of community salt fields covering an area of ​​4,300 ha with a salt production capacity of 300,000 tons/year. This research focuses on the problems experienced by salt farmers by analyzing the income level of salt farmers in Sampang district. In this case the author focuses on the influence of land area and production costs on the income of salt farmers in Sampang Regency. So in this research the author took a quantitative method to calculate data by conducting field research, looking at the impact, distributing questionnaires offline to farmers, drawing conclusions from the data. It can be concluded that the research results show that land area and production costs have a significant influence on the income of salt farmers in Sampang Regency.

Current Distribution of the Turkestan White Stork (Ciconia ciconia asiatica) in Kazakhstan

Over the last 100 years, the range of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia asiatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in Kazakhstan has greatly diminished; it has entirely disappeared in its former eastern and northern ranges, while the number of nesting sites has decreased in the remaining part of its habitat. The most recent specialized studies on the distribution of the White Stork here were conducted in the 1980s. Subsequently, ornithologists were only aware of isolated nests, and in the last 15 years, up until recently, in Kazakhstan, there was only one known active nest in the Zhambyl region. To clarify the current distribution of the White Stork in Kazakhstan, we conducted field research during the breeding season in places of its former distribution in the Zhambyl and Turkestan Regions. Nest surveys were conducted by visual observations using binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens. During the expedition, 43 inhabited nests of the White Stork were found; information about another 4 nests was obtained from data survey and social networks. Analysis of satellite images allowed us to identify 12 nests located on power line pylons in the southern regions of the republic, specifically in the Keles, Zhetisay, and Maktaaral districts. In total, 59 White Stork nests were found in Kazakhstan. In addition, satellite images revealed more than 120 power line pylons with White Stork nests in the territory of Uzbekistan in close proximity to the Kazakhstan border. All literary and electronic sources available to the authors have been meticulously reviewed. By synthesizing these data, two maps were created: one delineating all recorded White Stork nesting sites across Kazakhstan and its neighboring territories, and the other illustrating the known contemporary and historical ranges of the White Stork in Kazakhstan. A cadastral survey accompanies new nest discoveries of the White Stork. Based on the newly acquired data, we conclude that the White Stork population in Kazakhstan is currently on the rise.

The Role of Google Classroom Application in Improving High School Student Achievement

Achievement is the highest achievement of a series of educational processes taken by students by relying on their intellectual and spiritual abilities. To improve student achievement, teachers can utilize existing technology, including the use of Google Classroom applications. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the Google Classroom application in improving the achievement of high school students. The research method used is descriptive quantitative by conducting field research and data collection techniques by conducting in-depth interviews where researchers ask several questions to class teachers related to existing subjects, learning methods used, then the function of Google Classroom in the learning process, and things that can improve student achievement. The results of this case study explain that the use of Google Classroom applications can improve student achievement, this matter can be seen from the percentage count taken after conducting research. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that this application can be used as a medium for sending the results of assignments given by educators so that it can help improve student achievement. The limitation in this study is that researchers only know the role of Google Classroom applications in improving student achievement in only one school. Researchers hope that further research can conduct more in-depth research related to the role of Google Classroom applications in improving student achievement.

Evaluation of critical weed-free period for three sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars

AbstractSweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a staple crop that provides nutritional benefits to humans globally, but it is subject to yield loss when competing with weeds, especially during the early stage of establishment. Yield loss can vary widely based on the cultivar, production environment, weed species, and management techniques. To address this challenge, we conducted field research at the Samuel G. Meigs Horticulture Research Farm, Lafayette, IN, and at the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center, Vincennes, IN, in 2022 to determine the effect of sweetpotato cultivar on the critical weed-free period. The experiment was a split-plot design, with weed-free interval treatments as the main plot factor and cultivar as the subplot factor. The three cultivars used were ‘Covington’, ‘Monaco’, and ‘Murasaki’. Weeds were removed by hand and allowed to establish and compete with the crop beginning at 0, 14, 21, 28, 35, or 42 d after transplanting (DAP). As the weed-free interval increased from 0 to 42 DAP, predicted total yield increased from 19 kg ha−1 to 20,540 kg ha−1 for Covington, 3 kg ha−1 to 11,407 kg ha−1 for Monaco, and 125 kg ha−1 to 13,460 kg ha−1 for Murasaki at the Lafayette location. At Vincennes, as the weed-free interval increased from 0 to 42 DAP, predicted total yield increased from 14,664 kg ha−1 to 33,905 kg ha−1 for Covington, 4,817 kg ha−1 to 18,059 kg ha−1 for Monaco, and 12,735 kg ha−1 to 21,105 kg ha−1 for Murasaki. A threshold of ≤10% total yield reduction was achieved by maintaining sweetpotatoes weed-free 24 DAP for Covington, 20 DAP for Murasaki, and 33 DAP for Monaco.

Investigation of the influence mechanism of park usage intensity and flexibility based on multi-source data: a case study of pocket parks in Beijing

This study selected 24 highly popular pocket parks in Beijing and conducted field research to collect data on park use during weekdays and weekends. SPSS correlation analysis and the development of a decision tree model were used to rank the key factors that influence the flexibility and intensity of park use on weekdays and weekends. The findings indicated that the key factors impacting the flexibility and intensity of park use on weekdays, in order of importance, are seat density, recreation facilities density, land use entropy (LUE), distance to a public toilet, POI density, and 5-min accessibility. On the other hand, the main factors influencing the flexibility and intensity of park use on weekends are 5-min accessibility, seat density, POI density, fitness facilities density, distance to the bus stop, distance to a public toilet, and life service facilities density. These findings offer valuable insights for the study of pocket parks in other cities.

Transforming Private Islamic Religious Colleges (STAIS) into Institutes (IAIS) to Enhance the Quality of Private Islamic Religious Higher Education (PTKIS)

The purpose of this study is to describe the factors driving the transformation, the process of converting Private Islamic High Schools into Private Islamic Religious Institutes in Jambi Province, and to assess the quality of education in Private Islamic High Schools before and after the transformation. The researcher conducted field research using qualitative research methods and a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis includes data reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion. This research produces results: first, the factors that influenced the transformation of Islamic Religious Colleges in Jambi Province into Islamic Religious Institutes can be divided into two categories: internal and external factors. Second, implementing the transformation into Islamic Religious Institutes through the history of IAI, specifically Bungo and Nusantara Batanghari, the pioneering period, the STAIS periods, and the IAIS periods. Third, the quality of education before transformation, namely the lack of socialization of vision, mission, and goals to external parties. Fourth, the quality of PTKIS education after transformation, namely developing campus resources and involving lecturers to continue to doctoral and master’s programs for employees at universities, etc.

PERUBAHAN SERTIPIKAT HAK GUNA BANGUNAN MENJADI HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH

Abstract
 In Probolinggo Regency, there are many lands that were built to be residential houses, one of which is housing with the status of Building Use Rights (HGB). This research is to find out how the implementation of the change in Rights from Building Use Rights to Ownership Rights based on the Basic Agrarian Law (LoGA) Number 5 of 1960 This research uses the Juridical Empirical method. The sources used are Primary Data Sources which are data sources to obtain primary data by conducting field research by conducting interviews and direct consultations with related parties and secondary data sources in the form of writing obtained by conducting library research, whether in the form of books. general, as well as laws and regulations in order to obtain a theoretical basis. Based on the data analysis carried out, it was concluded that in the process of implementing the change of Building Use Rights into Ownership Rights by a legal entity / developer in registering the improvement process at the Probolinggo Regency Land Office requires 12 (twelve) stages within a period of 7 (seven) days based on Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2010 concerning Standards for Land Services and Regulations (SPOPP), so that the certificate changes to the status of Property Rights.
 Keywords: Changes, use rights, buildings, become property rights

ANALISIS SISTEM UPAH PADA KULI ANGKUT PASAR BEUREUNUEN

Labor and workers' wages are one of the central issues in today's industrial economy, where the majority of the population depends on the wages they earn, starting from low wage levels to the work contract system. All of this has become an issue that has sparked demonstrations among workers. Labor is not a simple resource to organize. Many factors influence these resources, such as the environment, local traditions, experience, age, leadership, wages, and so on. All these factors together form the complexity of managing a workforce. The aim of this research is to determine the wage practices of porters at the Beureunuen market and to analyze the pay system for porters at the Beureunuen market. The research method used is qualitative, by conducting field research using interviews, documentation and observation. The research results show that the practice of paying porters at Beureunuen Market is implemented using a daily wage payment system, taking into account the amount of repas. Wages are paid daily at a percentage of 15% of the repas, and the overall wages are divided equally among all the porters involved.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSING MISCONCEPTIONS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

<p>Misconceptions are incorrect explanations of ideas that are not in accordance with the scientific understanding accepted by experts. Misconceptions often occur because the concepts studied and accepted are different. The aim of this research is to find out what misconceptions there are regarding guidance and counseling services. The technique used in writing this article is a bibliographic display method that uses literature such as journals, books, documents and other sources without conducting field research. This article contains an abstract, introduction, discussion and conclusion.</p>

Formation of productivity of maize hybrids of different ripening groups in the Forest-Steppe region

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity of scientifically substantiating the rational ratio of maize hybrids of different ripening groups to ensure the realisation of the genetic potential in forming pre-harvest grain moisture at the level of 18-22%. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the most adapted and plastic ripening groups considering biological features and to identify stable hybrids based on economic efficiency through the calculation of the hybrid’s productivity efficiency index. The method of plot division was used to conduct field research in accordance with the requirements of the research methodology. The results revealed that maize hybrids of different ripening groups react differently to temperature conditions, especially during the interphase period – 3-5 leaves. Maize hybrids with FAO (ripening group of the hybrid) 180-250, having a flint grain subtype, are characterised by faster linear plant growth due to higher cold resistance, making them suitable for early sowing when the soil temperature is 6-80C. Hybrids with FAO 300 and above, with a dent grain subtype, exhibit slower initial plant growth and are more thermophilic. Therefore, it is advisable to plant them after the soil has been thoroughly warmed to 8-100C. Studies have established that the highest grain yield was obtained from mid-late maturity maize hybrids (FAO 401-500) – 10.04-10.17 t/ha, with a maximum level of 14.89 t/ha in 2017. However, considering the dynamics of productivity levels over the years, the most plastic hybrids, i.e., those with the smallest difference in yield between years, are phenotypes with FAO 201-300. It was determined that early and mid-early ripening group hybrids had lower pre-harvest grain moisture – 0.6-23.9% compared to 28.7-2.7% in mid-ripening and mid-late ripening groups. This resulted in a higher productivity efficiency index for these hybrids. The materials of the study contain results for further research on optimising the use of maize hybrids with different FAO numbers and are of practical significance for farms of various ownership forms

The Authority of the District/City Government Related to The Utilization of Geothermal Energy According to Article 156 of Law Number 11 of 2006 Concerning the Government of Aceh

Objective: This research examines the Authority of Regency /City Governments related to Geothermal Energy Utilization based on Law No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh. Geothermal utilization can help the government program for clean energy utilization, considering that geothermal is a form of renewable energy that produces few greenhouse gas emissions and can maintain national energy stability and security. Based on the provisions of Article 156 of Law No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh which regulates the management of natural resources, district/city governments have the authority to manage natural resources in Aceh both on land and at sea, including geothermal energy. However, this authority has not been exercised by the district/city in the utilization of geothermal energy in Aceh. This article aims to determine and analyze the authority of the district/city government in utilizing geothermal energy based on Article 156 of the LoGA the Government of Aceh. This article aims to discuss and analyze the authority of the Regency / City Government in the utilization of geothermal energy sources based on Article 156 of Law No. 11/2006 concerning the Government of Aceh.
 
 Methodology: This research uses a juridical sociological approach which aims to obtain field data as primary data in analyzing the law and looking more deeply at the effectiveness of law in society. This research is supported by primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by conducting field research in several districts (Central Aceh District and Aceh Besar District). While secondary data is obtained by searching the literature and regulations related to the focus of the research, data collection techniques are carried out through structured interviews with the parties involved in this study.
 
 Result and Conlusion: The authority contained in Article 156 of the LoGA has not been exercised by the district/city government in utilizing geothermal energy in Aceh, this is due to regulations issued by the central government regarding the utilization of geothermal energy in the region. Thus, it is necessary to regulate in the form of Qanun Aceh and District/ City Qanun in utilizing geothermal energy in Aceh.

UNSUR GHARAR DALAM PEMBERIAN VOUCHER PROMO SHOPEE

This research aims to understand the practice of giving promotional vouchers on the Shopee application and identify elements of gharar. The research method used is qualitative, by conducting field research using interviews, documentation and observation. The research results show that the practice of giving promo vouchers through the Shopee application is a program organized by Shopee.id. The mechanism of this program is simple, where Shopee application users who are interested in getting promo vouchers must participate in a prize draw or other promo. Users must fulfill the terms and conditions set by the organizer. These terms and conditions can be easily accessed via the Shopee application or the official Shopee website. However, gharar practices were found related to giving Shopee promotional vouchers among STIS Al-Hilal Sigli students. Some students experienced uncertainty where the vouchers were not provided as promised. For example, even though customers are supposed to get a 20% promotional voucher, the price of the item after the promo does not reflect the promised discount. For example, if the initial price of an item is IDR 10,000, it should be IDR 8,000 after the promo, but in reality this is not the case. This creates uncertainty and ambiguity regarding the benefits that users should obtain through providing promotional vouchers