MPPT Research Articles

Evolutionary Algorithm Based Z-Source DC-DC Boost Converter for Charging EV Battery

In this paper, efficient charging of electric vehicle battery from a considered renewable solar photovoltaic source with the help of a modified Z source with efficient boosting topology. Adapting this Z-source converter to act as a voltage gainer with a boosting function allows a solar Photovoltaic (PV) input voltage of 25VDC (Volts Direct Current) to be increased to a designed output voltage of 75VDC at a low duty ratio, resulting in minimal switching loss. The closed-loop steady-state and transient parameters at the output were analyzed and compared using modern evolutionary algorithms. The power range upheld throughout the circuit is around (300–350) W. The battery is assumed to have an impedance model of Resistor-Capacitor (RC) load with a serial range of 12 V and 7 Ah. The proposed converter achieves higher conversion efficiency by the Maximum Power Pont Tracking (MPPT) and NSGA-II/MNSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) based controller algorithm for tuning the optimal design value and is validated in a MATLAB Simulink platform. In this work, we analyze closed-loop systems under the mentioned power range. The MPPT with an algorithm-based controller tends to trigger the switch in the closed-loop system to get the optimized output. The Maximum Power Point (MPP) technique implemented is an incremental conductance method for extracting solar PV power and improving load performance. Consequently, the proposed evolutionary optimization algorithm steady-state ripple factor response of the proposed MNSGA-II has a lower output side, thus achieving around 98% of the controller implementation efficiency.

Benchmarking of the Conductance Increment Method and its improved versions

To increase the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a circuit using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology must be used. There are several algorithms proposed in the literature and they need to be compared to select the best performing MPPT technology for a specific application or to make recommendations for future MPPT research. This article presents a benchmarking the most widely used MPPT algorithms, namely the “INC_C” (Classical Incremental Conductance), the “INC_AM” (Modified Adaptive Incremental Conductance). The comparative study presented in this work will confirm that “INC_AM≫ is the best MPPT technique to improve the efficiency of a PV system.

Design of MPPT Based PV System Using DC-DC Converter

This paper aims to analyze the potentiality and cost-effectiveness of PV systems' application and ensure maximum power extraction from the solar panel. Solar panels have stationary parts with a durable lifetime along with the nature of modularity and shorter commissioning time compared to other available energy sources. To clinch the tracking of maximum power Mpp, Perturb, and Observe algorithm is preferred. Matching the load impedance with the PV panel is ensured by employing a Boost converter topology where the duty cycle is adjustable. The system was comprised of a solar module, DC-DC Boost converter, and a resistive load. The system was designed, and performances were evaluated through simulation using PSIM software. Later the parameters were verified by experimental conditions using a solar panel of the exact specifications, and some data were obtained close to the simulated data.

Single-phase grid-connected PV system with golden section search-based MPPT algorithm

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique employed for with variable-power sources, such as solar, wind, and ocean, to maximize energy extraction under all conditions. The commonly used perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) methods have advantages such as ease of implementation, but they also have the challenge of selecting the most optimized perturbation step or increment size while considering the trade-off between convergence time and oscillation. To address these issues, an MPPT solution for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed that combines the golden section search (GSS), P&O, and INC methods to simultaneously achieve faster convergence and smaller oscillation, converging to the MPP by repeatedly narrowing the width of the interval at the rate of the golden ratio. The proposed MPPT technique was applied to a PV system consisting of a PV array, boost chopper, and inverter. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MPPT technique, by which the system is able to locate the MPP in 36 ms and regain a drifting MPP in approximately 30 ms under transient performance. The overall MPPT efficiency is 98.99%.

Least mean sixth control approach for three-phase three-wire grid-integrated PV system

<p><span lang="EN-US">This work proposes an adaptive filter based on a new least mean sixth control approach with incremental conductance method of MPP for 3-phase grid-incorporated photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed system comprises a PV array, 3-phase DC to AC converter, maximum power point tracker (MPPT), three-phase electronic load, and a 3-phase grid. The combination of solar PV array and the voltage source converter (VSC) supplies power to the grid. The 3-phase inverter as a distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) improves the quality of the system performance in case of zero solar irradiation. D-STATCOM also reduces total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid currents, improves power factor, and maintainsa constant voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The system modelling and simulation is achieved on MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system performance has been found satisfactory and conform to IEEE-519 standards.</span></p>

Design of Maximum Power Tracking System for Photovoltaic Power Generation

Solar power generation is related to climatic conditions, and its high cost and low power generation efficiency have become the main factors restricting its development. Realizing the maximum power tracking of solar photovoltaic power generation through power electronic technology and control technology is an effective measure to increase the power generation of photovoltaic power generation systems, reduce power generation costs, improve solar energy conversion efficiency, and widely promote photovoltaic power generation technology. According to the illumination characteristics of solar cells, using a single-chip microcomputer to control the DC-DC converter and conductance increment method as the control algorithm, a solar maximum power tracking system is designed.

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF 1.8 KW GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM USING MATLAB

A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC/DC converter for a photovoltaic (PV) system is an important component in a PV system. The converter is used to convert the value of DC voltage produced by PV panels to a value accepted by the inverter for on-grid, or battery for off-grid system. In addition, the MPPT is used to extract and maintain the solar PV to its maximum power in all conditions. However, the values of components used in literature of MPPT DC/DC converter for a specific PV module cannot be applied for different capacity. Although sets of equations are given in literature to determine the values of inductor and capacitor used in the circuit, the calculated values do not produce the desired output in most cases because of unclear explanation. The validation of input parameters of the converter is also not properly presented for different solar irradiance and temperature. The efficiency of the converter is still low. Hence, this paper presents step-by-step process on how to design a MPPT DC/DC boost converter in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The incremental conductance method is used as MPPT algorithm to control the duty cycle of the converter. Then, a thorough analysis is done by simulating the developed model under different solar irradiance and temperature. Simulation results are then compared with the theoretical values from I-V and P-V curves of the selected PV modules. The results show that the proposed MPPT DC/DC converter is able to extract maximum power from PV modules and the output power produced by the converter also indicates that the converter has a high efficiency at 99.7% in all selected values of solar irradiance and temperature.

A Novel Approach Based Incremental Conductance Method for MPPT Strategy of PV Systems Considering Partial Shading Conditions

The main advantages in terms of a simple algorithm, easy to use, fast maximum power point tracking (MPPT) speed of the incremental conductance (InC) and perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithms have been adopted in the literature. Besides, the oscillation phenomenon around the maximum power point (MPP) is a major drawback of these typical algorithms. More specifically, these traditional algorithms failed to find the global maximum power peak when the PV system was operating under partial shading conditions where multiple peaks appeared on the PV curve characteristic. Therefore, a new approach based on the conventional InC algorithm is proposed in this paper. By evenly dividing the search area at the early stage, this proposed method avoids the regional traps encountered by the traditional InC algorithm. Then select the regions where there is a high probability of finding the global MPP to implement the conventional InC approach. After finishing this process, the location with the best power is selected and the MPP search is further performed using the various step-size InC algorithm for the final stage. With this improvement, the steady-state oscillation amplitude of the proposed method is significantly reduced. The implementation process and simulation results show that the proposed method has key advantages in terms of simplicity, fast convergence speed, and reduced steady-state oscillation amplitude. Simulation and experimental results are also compared with the conventional P&O and PSO methods to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in both uniform illuminance and partial shading conditions.

Fuzzy Logic MPPT Techniques in Solar Photovoltaic System

Abstract: This paper presents the comparative analysis of most commonly used Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques viz Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), Perturb and Observe (PnO) and Incremental Conductance (INC) methods that are capable of extracting maximum power from the PV generation system. The OCV technique is an indirect MPPT method that tracks the Maximum Power Point (MPP) using empirical data or mathematical expressions with numerical corrections and approximations. To operate PV panels at that point (MPP) there are many MPPT method in literature, FLC MPPT method was preferred in this study because, its rapid response to changing environmental conditions and not affecting by change of circuit parameters. The accuracy of FLC MPPT method used in this system to find MPP changes, from 94.8% to 99.4%. To charge a battery there are two traditional methods which are constant current (CC), and constant voltage (CV) methods. For fast charging with low loss constant current and voltage source is a need. One of the methods providing constant is PI control which used in this study. Keywords: FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller), CV, CC, Simulink, MPPT

High gain boost converter fed asynchronous motor drive for water pumping system

ABSTRACT High gain dc–dc boost chopper are rapidly expanding substituting power converters for Photo Voltaic (PV) appliances. Investigators are creating different schemes to accomplish greater voltage gain, low ripple, switch stress, decreases the cost of converters and reduces the fluctuations at the photovoltaic operation point. This paper proposes a two-stage converter for standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping drive system. High Gain (HG) cell combined with DC-to-DC boost converter. This compound converter provides dc voltage fed asynchronous motor drive system. The utilisation of three-phase asynchronous motor introduces a superior solution to the industrial DC motor-based water pumping scheme. A three-phase asynchronous motor connected to voltage source inverter (VSI), which in turning throws the centrifugal pump. The scheme comprises of a PV array, high-gain DC–DC chopper, 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), motor and a pump. Incremental conductance method used to obtain maximum power from a solar PV structure. Indirect Field Oriented Control of an asynchronous motor is employed to achieve soft starting of the motor. The scheme setup is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system is tested experimentally. The results accomplished demonstrate the scheme fitness for PV water pumping.

Adaptive MPPT of Water Photovoltaic Pumping System Based on Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drives

In this paper, the maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) for vector control of an induction motor (IM) driving water is achieved. This paper implements and analyzes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in one stage. The vector control scheme for an induction motor has been introduced to improve the reliability of the PV system. Furthermore, the Adaptive incremental conductance (AINC) method has been applied to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV plant. Additionally, the principles of vector control of an induction motor are used for voltage source inverter fed induction motor pumping system. The control scheme is simulated and validated considering the environmental conditions such as solar radiation and temperature. The scheme has been validated through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The obtained results and analysis authorize that, the proposed control system is accurate and effective. In addition, the results show that, the induction motor drive is stable during dynamic and ‎steady-state conditions.‎

Implementation of Algorithm on MPPT

Solar energy is a potential energy source in India. A photovoltaic is a efficient way to cure the energy in a huge amount and keep to gather that kind of energy for future, and the PV must have good efficiency. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a process that tracks one maximum power point from array input, in which the ratio varies between the voltage and current delivered to get the most power it can. Several algorithms have been developed for extracting maximum power. To increase its efficiency many MPPT techniques are used. Incremental conductance is one of the important techniques in this system and because of its higher steady-state accuracy and environmental adaptability it is a widely implemented tracked control strategy. This research was aimed to explore the performance of a maximum power point tracking system that implements the Incremental Conductance (IC) method. The IC algorithm was designed to control the duty cycle of the Buck-Boost converter and to ensure the MPPT work at its maximum efficiency. From the simulation, the IC method shows better performance and also has a lower oscillation.

Power Quality Enhancement of Solar PV Interfaced Distribution System by Delta-Bar-Delta Neural Network

This project presents incremental conductance method for maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Main reason to develop solar photovoltaic energy source is to reduce deterioration in power. Power quality cannot be increases by the week distribution of grid. To increases the power of the grid solar energy conversion system paramount by implementation of a robust control technique. In this project we are we have control algorithm such as delta bar delta but neural network which is in control technique by this active power will be fed to the loads and remaining power to the grid as a function of distribution static compensator it has the capability of mitigating harmonics and balancing of loss and improving power factor. The delta bar delta neural network control algorithm has a capability to adjust weight adaptively in an independent manner and it offers alleviation in the model complexity predominant during an abnormal great conditions along with a reduction in complexion time. This model is efficient utilization accomplished with incremental conductance based on maximum power point tracking techniques for validating the behaviour of proposed system and we can expect this results in the simulation via MATLAB. The realization of MPPT controller can be based on different methods and algorithms. The results and technique include incremental conductance techniques due to the reduced oscillations while determining the Maximum PowerPoint is preferred here and it is also suitable for commercial purpose.

Maximum Power Point Tracking in the Photovoltaic Module Using Incremental Conductance Algorithm with Variable Step Length

Tracking maximum power in photovoltaic applications is considered a major issue. Because of the change in the output power of solar cells by changing the radiation and temperature, it is required to receive the maximum power from solar array to be achieved the maximum efficiency using maximum power tracking methods. A large number of the maximum power methods have been introduced so far, but each has difficulty in terms of tracking speed and accuracy, and in practice, they have not been able to improve both of these factors. Among the commonly used methods, the incremental conductance method has a good tracking speed and accuracy, but at the same time, it cannot reach both to a desirable value. In this paper, a new method is proposed based on the above method that improves the mentioned factors simultaneously to an acceptable limit. The result of the simulation confirms the correctness of the claim of the proposed method.

Reactive Power Management in Solar PV System using Matlab

Photovoltaic (PV) systems propose attractive alternative source of generation because these can be placed near to the load centers when compared with other renewable source of generation. It is therefore rooftop PV is the center of attraction for majority PV systems. The rooftop PV system in general is grid connected and supports the off-grid load with battery backup. The designed system must ensure total evacuation of generated power and with high efficiency of conversion, and utilizes the resource adequately to maximize the utilization of energy. This paper proposes single phase synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory based current controlled PWM controller for the voltage source converter (VSC) to realize maximum generated power evacuation by maintaining the DC link voltage constant without battery support, low THD sinusoidal line synchronized current output, and limited reactive power compensation based on the unutilized capacity of the inverter. PV power is being tracked always at MPP through incremental conductance (IC) method. MATLAB based simulation results shows the efficient working of rooftop PV with proposed control algorithms in grid connected mode with limited reactive power conditioning.

Impact of Optimal Integration of Dispersed Generation in an Electrical Distribution Network

The impact of renewable energy dispersed generation (DG) in the electrical network in a way that increases the level of power also to ensure the continuity of service under better conditions Require many Big challenges, This paper provides a methodology solutions of hybrid photovoltaïque arry (PV) and wind turbine (WT) energy integration in the distribution electrical network with climate data from the wilaya of laghouat (Affiliated to Algeria) with maximal power level 500 kw and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) Incremental Conductance method follow-up to the maximum power point generated by the hybrid pv and wt system to ensure energy demand and improve the quality of electrical networks

Fuzzy logic based MPPT technique for energy conversion

World is facing acute energy crisis as a result of which there is a need for renewable energy sources. Increase in demands and environmental issues lead to rise in renewable energy. Solar energy is being increasing and is being adopted by many countries but the output power is not constant because of two factors radiation and temperature. And also photo voltaic V-I characteristics are non linear in nature. So MPPT algorithm is applied to increase the overall efficiency. There are many MPPT algorithms and everyone has their own advantages and disadvantages. Perturb and observe are most commonly used MPPT technique because of its simplicity. But it has some drawbacks also. This paper uses Fuzzy logic algorithm as well as Perturb and Observe tracking algorithm for optimizing maximum power point. After simulation and analysis in Matlab the results indicate that Fuzzy logic algorithm is better than perturb and observe because of its high convergence rate, more stability, fast time response and less overshoot. A complete PV system contrastingly comprises boost converter, MPPT algorithm, PV array, and a load mainly resistive type.

Fuzzy and predictive control of a photovoltaic pumping system based on three-level boost converter

In this work, an efficient control scheme for a double stage pumping system is proposed. On the DC side, a three-level boost converter is employed to maximize the photovoltaic power and to step-up the DC-link voltage. For maximum power point tracking, the classical incremental conductance method is substituted by a fuzzy logic controller. The designed controller estimates the optimal step size which speeds up the tracking process and improves the accuracy of the extracted photovoltaic power. Afterwards, the voltages across the three-level boost converter (TLBC) capacitors are balanced by phase shifting the applied duty ratios. On the motor pump side, a two-level inverter drives the motor pump with the cascaded nonlinear predictive control. The predictive controller is preferred over the conventional field-oriented control because it accelerates the torque response and resists to the change of the engine parameters. The designed controllers are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink, and compared with the conventional controllers (incremental conductance algorithm and field-oriented control). The robust control scheme of the entire system has increased the hydraulic power by up to 23% during the system start-up and up to 10% in steady state.

Review of maximum power point tracking algorithms of PV system

PurposeSilicon photovoltaics technology has drawbacks of high cost and power conversion efficiency. In order to extract the maximum output power of the module, maximum power point (MPP) is used by implying the nonlinear behavior of I-V characteristics. Different techniques are used regarding maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The paper aims to review the techniques of MPPT used in PV systems and review the comparison between Perturb and Observe (P&O) method and incremental conductance (IC) method that are used to track the maximum power and gives a comparative review of all those techniques.Design/methodology/approachA study of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented. Matlab Simulink is used to find the MPP using P&O simulation along with IC simulation at a steady temperature and irradiance.FindingsMATLAB simulations are used to implement the P&O method and IC method, which includes a PV cell connected to an MPPT-controlled boost converter. The simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the PV model as well as the functional value of the algorithms, which has improved tracking efficiency and dynamic characteristics. P&O solution gave 94% performance when configured. P&O controller has a better time response process. As compared to the P&O method of tracking, the incremental conductance response rate was significantly slower.Originality/valueIn PV systems, MPPT techniques are used to optimize the PV array output power by continuously tracking the MPP under a variety of operating conditions, including cell temperature and irradiation level.

A Benefit Evaluation Model for Peak-Clipping Benefits of Distributed Photovoltaic Grids Taking into Account Uncertain Low-Voltage Distribution

Due to the high energy consumption in the traditional AC-DC hybrid microgrid, the benefit evaluation may be difficult. In this paper, an AC-DC low-voltage hybrid distribution network suitable for distributed photovoltaic power generation access is proposed. DC power directly supplies DC household appliances, and AC power grid directly supplies AC appliances. In this way, the loss of electric energy in the process of energy conversion can be reduced, and good economy can be achieved. The 24-pulse thyristor bidirectional converter is used in the connection between AC and DC power grids, which can reduce the loss and prevent the failure of benefit evaluation. The photovoltaic low-voltage distribution tracking adopts conductance increment method, and the converter control adopts constant voltage control to maintain the bus voltage stability. The simulation results prove the feasibility of the scheme.