State Conditions Research Articles

Effect of Chevron Angles on the Thermal Performance of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger (CPHEs)

Corrugated plate heat exchangers (CPHEs) possess a greater surface area for heat transfer and a heightened level of turbulence as a result of the corrugations. This study presents an experimental analysis comparing the thermal performance of a flat plate heat exchanger and a corrugated plate heat exchanger (CPHE) with varied corrugation angles. The analysis was conducted using water as the test fluid. The comprehensive testing has been carried out on CPHEs with different chevron angles (β) of 30°/30°, 45°/45°, and 60°/60°. Experimental data is collected under steady- state conditions, with a single phase (water-water) system, covering Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 900 to 1250. The test fluid's mass flow rate, ranging from 0.05 to 0.16 kilograms per second, is measured together with the accompanying steady state temperatures. Each plate was equipped with four thermocouple sensors to detect the bulk temperature of the cold and hot fluids at the intake and output. The performance was evaluated using both parallel and counterflow configurations. Experimental observations are utilized to estimate the temperature difference (∆T) between the inlet and output streams, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), and the exergy (E). The measured ∆T and E values for corrugation angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) of CPHE were compared to those of flat plate heat exchangers. For corrugation angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°, the values of ∆T and E (efficiency) increase as the mass flow rate of the fluid increases. An increase in the corrugation angle leads to an increase in turbulence in the flow, which in turn enhances heat transmission. In addition, the thermal effectiveness (ε) was calculated using the NTU method and compared for all of the plates. Key Words: Corrugated plate heat exchanger, Thermal performance, Chevron angle, heat transfer coefficient.

Wave blockers: When governments use foreign military interventions to offset transnational political currents

ABSTRACT Why do governments use interventions to shape the internal political composition of other states? Many explanations focus on intervention’s strategic utility, which can include a wider sphere of influence and enhanced state security. Alternatively, this article argues that how regimes view the internal political conditions of other states in relation to their own political spheres dictates the utility that they assign to intervention. Drawing on archival content related to Saudi Arabia’s intervention in the North Yemen Civil War (1962–1967), the article tests this political-threat explanation of intervention against the strategic-threat alternative.

Is parental overcontrol a specific form of child maltreatment? Insights from a resting state EEG connectivity study

IntroductionRecent studies suggest that parental overcontrol could be considered a specific form of childhood trauma (CT). Although previous research has shown that CT alters the functional and structural architecture of large-scale networks in the brain, the neural basis associated with parental overcontrol has not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between parental overcontrol and electroencephalography (EEG) triple network (TN) functional connectivity during the resting state (RS) condition in a non-clinical sample (N = 71; 39 females, mean age 23.94 ± 5.89 SD). MethodsEEG was recorded during 5 min of RS with eyes closed. All participants were asked to self-report maternal and paternal overcontrol, CT and general psychopathology. All EEG analyses were performed using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). ResultsOur results showed a significant positive correlation between maternal overcontrol and theta connectivity between the salience network and the central executive network. This connectivity pattern was independently associated with maternal overcontrol even when controlling for relevant confounding variables, including the severity of CT and the general level of psychopathology. This neurophysiological pattern may reflect a predisposition to detect and respond to potentially threatening stimuli in the environment, which is typically associated with excessive overcontrol. ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that parental overcontrol should be considered a form of CT in all respects independent of the forms traditionally studied in the literature (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect).

The role of estuarine convergence on the salinity distribution and the estuary response to short river discharge pulses

Estuarine behaviour is primarily controlled by the interaction of river discharge and tidal mixing. Transient increases in river discharge, which occur naturally during the wet season or can be managed in regulated basins, alter estuarine dynamics and reduce salt intrusion. Two characteristic times have been identified in the response to these river pulses: the adjustment time (the time required to adapt to the peak discharge) and the recovery time (the time required to return to steady state conditions). Previous work has analysed the effect of peak discharge and pulse duration in the adjustment process, focusing on long discharges (i.e. longer than the intrinsic estuarine timescale) and straight channels. This paper presents an idealised 3-dimensional model (Delft3D) to assess the effect of estuarine convergence on the response to short river pulses in tide dominated, well-mixed estuaries. The similarity between the tidal period, the estuarine timescale and the duration of the pulse led to the introduction of the time between tidal and river conditions as an additional parameter in the analysis. The results show that salt intrusion in convergent estuaries have a lower sensitivity to variations in river discharge compared to the behaviour of prismatic estuaries. Conversely, the influence of convergence on changes in salt intrusion due to the increased river discharge gains relevance in convergent estuaries. Seaward transport of salt is significantly enhanced by freshwater releases that occur between early and mid ebb, especially during spring tides. Increasing convergence reduces the asymmetry of the estuarine response, shortens the recovery time, and shifts the onset of maximum salt displacement and the minimum adjustment time. The results are particularly relevant for water management and salt intrusion control in regulated basins with limited resources, as the volume of fresh water used to reduce salt intrusion can be optimised considering the timing of the pulse release, which depends on the tidal conditions at the estuary.

Human Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) in Extracorporeal Therapies: Ex vivo Sieving Coefficient, Diffusive Clearance, and Hemoadsorption Kinetics

Introduction: Enkephalins, endogenous opioid peptides, are involved in the regulation of renal function. One derived molecule, proenkephalin A, also known as penKid, has been demonstrated to be a reliable biomarker for kidney function and its plasma concentration correlates with measured glomerular filtration rate. penKid is used for prediction and diagnosis of AKI and need of renal replacement therapy (RRT). penKid has also been used to predict the successful weaning from RRT in patients with AKI. Whether the concentration of penKid is affected or not by RRT is a controversial point and there are no studies describing the kinetics of the molecule in such conditions. The low molecular weight (4.5 kDa) would imply free removal by the glomerulus and the dialysis membranes. During RRT, this reduction could not be detected in clinical practice due to the complex kinetics involving either low dialytic clearance or increased production in response to impaired kidney function. The aim of this study was to determine the sieving coefficient and the diffusive clearance of the penKid molecule in conditions of in vitro continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD), respectively, and also the penKid removal ratio in conditions of in vitro hemoadsorption (HA) using a synthetic microporous resin. Methods: Blood spiked with a lyophilized penKid peptide solved in 20 mm dipotassium phosphate and 6 mm disodium EDTA [pH 8] to reach target concentrations is used as testing solution. In each experiment, the blood batch was adjusted at a volume of 1,000 mL, maintained at 37°, and continuously stirred. Samples were collected from blood, ultrafiltrate, and spent dialysate at different times during the experiments. Sieving, clearance, and removal ratio were calculated. Results: Significant removal of penKid was observed in CVVH (sieving 1.04 ± 0.27), in CVVHD (clearance 23.08 ± 0.89), and in HA (removal ratio 76.1 ± 1% after 120 min). Conclusion: penKid is effectively removed by extracorporeal therapies. In presence of anuria, penKid generation kinetics can be calculated based on extracorporeal removal and volume variation. In steady state conditions, declining values may be the result of an initial renal function recovery and may suggest discontinuation and successful liberation from RRT.

A Comparison Between Water Addition and CO2 Addition to a Diffusion Coflow Flame

ABSTRACT This work compares the effects of adding water vapor and CO2 as diluent to fuel for a diffusion flame at different ambient pressures. The approach of this research is to study numerically a methane diffusion flame with various amounts of water vapor and CO2 added to the fuel, and to compare the flame behaviors with various percentages of water vapor and CO2 content (0% to 65%). This work uses a coflow burner in the PeleLM numerical framework for simulating the flame and computing the combustion behavior. The flame was simulated with pressures of 1.0, 1.4, 5.7, and 11.1 atm. The results extracted and analyzed include temperature profiles at fixed heights and various species mole fractions compared with their values at an equilibrium state condition. The results show that most of the diluent impact does not involve changes in flame chemistry but primarily changes to heat release and heat capacity in the flames. The results also show that the diluent amount has a much larger impact on flame behavior than do changes in pressure.

Oral Absorption from Surfactant-Based Drug Formulations: The Impact of Molecularly Dissolved Drug on Bioavailability

Enabling drug formulations are often required to ensure sufficient absorption after oral administration of poorly soluble drugs. While these formulations typically increase the apparent solubility of the drug, it is widely acknowledged that only molecularly dissolved, i.e., free fraction of the drug, is prone for direct absorption, while colloid-associated drug does not permeate to the same extent.In the present study, we aimed at comparing the effect of molecularly and apparently (i.e., the sum of molecularly and colloid-associated drug) dissolved drug concentrations on the oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug compound, Alectinib. Mixtures of Alectinib and respectively 50 %, 25 %, 12.5 %, and 3 % sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) relative to the dose were prepared and small-scale dissolution tests were performed under simulated fed and fasted state conditions. Both the molecularly and apparently dissolved drug concentrations were assessed in parallel using microdialysis and centrifugation/filtration sampling, respectively. The data served as the basis for an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) and as input for a GastroPlusTM physiologically-based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM).It was shown that with increasing the content of SLS the apparently dissolved drug in FeSSIF and FaSSIF increased to a linear extent and thus, the predicted in vivo performance of the 50 % SLS formulation, based on apparently dissolved drug, would outperform all other formulations. Against common expectation, however, the free (molecularly dissolved) drug concentrations were found to vary with SLS concentrations as well, yet to a minor extent. A systematic comparison of solubilized and free drug dissolution patterns at different SLS contents of the formulations and prandial states allowed for interesting insights into the complex dissolution-/supersaturation-, micellization-, and precipitation-behavior of the formulations. When comparing the in vitro datasets with human pharmacokinetic data from a bioequivalence study, it was shown that the use of molecularly dissolved drug resulted in an improved IVIVC.By incorporating the in vitro dissolution datasets into the GastroPlusTM PBBM, the apparently dissolved drug concentrations resulted in both, a remarkable overprediction of plasma concentrations as well as a misprediction of the influence of SLS on systemic exposure. In contrast, by using the molecularly dissolved drug (i.e., free fraction) as the model input, the predicted plasma concentration-time profiles were in excellent agreement with observed data for all formulations under both fed and fasted conditions.By combining an advanced in vitro assessment with PBBM, the present study confirmed that only the molecularly dissolved drug, and not the colloid-associated drug, is available for direct absorption.

Event horizon kinetic Monte Carlo.

In this study, we present a novel approach for modeling the dynamics of stochastic processes. The fundamental concept involves constructing a stochastic Markov chain comprising states separated by more than one stochastic event. Initially, the method explores the network of neighboring states connected by stochastic events. This exploration results in a "horizon" of events leading to a set of "boundary" states at the periphery of each local network. Subsequently, the next member in the Markov chain is selected from the "boundary" states based on the probability of reaching each of the "boundary" states for the first time. Meanwhile, the simulation clock is updated according to the time required to reach the boundary for the first time. This can be achieved using an analytical approach, where the probability of reaching each boundary state for the first time is estimated using absorbing conditions for all boundary states in the analytical solution of a master equation describing the local network of states around each current state. The proposed method is demonstrated in modeling the dynamics in networks of stochastic reactions but can be easily applied in any stochastic system whose dynamics can be expressed via the solution of a master equation. It is expected to enhance the efficiency of event-driven Monte Carlo simulations, originally introduced by Gillespie and widely regarded as the gold standard in the field, especially in cases where the presence of events is characterized by different timescales.

Impact of advanced age on the gastric emptying of water under fasted and fed state conditions

Although older people are the main users of oral medications, few studies are reported on the influence of advanced age on gastric emptying rate of non-caloric liquids. This study aimed at evaluating the gastric emptying of 240 ml water in healthy older and young adults in fasted and fed state conditions using the established method of salivary caffeine kinetics. The gastric emptying of water was evaluated in 12 healthy older volunteers (mean age: 73 ± 6 years) and 12 healthy younger volunteers (mean age: 25 ± 2 years) with the ingestion of a rapid disintegrating tablet containing 20 mg of 13C3-caffeine. The gastric emptying of water was assessed indirectly by calculating the AUC ratios of salivary caffeine concentrations in specific time segments. Comparison of the AUC ratios showed no statistically significant difference between young and older volunteers in both fasted and fed state conditions (p > 0.05). Advanced age itself seems to have no relevant effect on gastric emptying of water in either fasted or fed state conditions and the phenomenon of Magenstrasse appears to follow a similar pattern in healthy older adults as in healthy younger adults.

Extensions of definable local homomorphisms in o‐minimal structures and semialgebraic groups

AbstractWe state conditions for which a definable local homomorphism between two locally definable groups , can be uniquely extended when is simply connected (Theorem 2.1). As an application of this result we obtain an easy proof of [3, Theorem 9.1] (cf. Corollary 2.3). We also prove that [3, Theorem 10.2] also holds for any definably connected definably compact semialgebraic group not necessarily abelian over a sufficiently saturated real closed field ; namely, that the o‐minimal universal covering group of is an open locally definable subgroup of for some ‐algebraic group (Theorem 3.3). Finally, for an abelian definably connected semialgebraic group over , we describe as a locally definable extension of subgroups of the o‐minimal universal covering groups of commutative ‐algebraic groups (Theorem 3.4).

A Non-Linear Successive Approximation Finite State Machine for ADCs with Robust Performance

This work presents the detailed design of a Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Data Converter (SAR ADC) using bulk 180 nm CMOS IC technology. The focus of the study is on replacing the typical Successive Approximation Register array with a Finite State Machine. This converter features a fully differential and bipolar architecture, which leads to the logic SAR nonlinear behavior. A novel digital control logic mitigates the conversion errors through the conditions in the previous logic states. The logic scheme, in combination with a robust continuous comparator, demonstrates tolerance to Process, Voltage, and Temperature variations. The architecture does not include calibration or additional redundancies in post-layout simulations to emphasize the exclusive benefits of the new SAR logic. The proposed SAR ADC achieves a 14.07 effective number of bits with 7.04 fJ/conversion step Walden figure of merit in biomedical applications.

Topological Laser in Anomalous Quadrupole Topological Phases

AbstractTopological photonics shows considerable promise in revolutionizing photonic devices through the use of topological phases, leading to innovations like topological lasers that enhance light control. One of the recent breakthroughs is reducing the size of these systems by utilizing lower‐dimensional boundary states, notably via higher‐order topological phases. This paper presents the experimental demonstration of a topological laser in an anomalous quadrupole topological phase, an instance of higher‐order phases. To facilitate this, a topological nanocavity with a quality factor near 6000 is engineered through a twisting operation. The topological nature of this system is validated by the calculation of nested Wannier centers and the emergency condition of corner states. The experimental observations reveal the manifestation of corner states and the achievement of single‐mode pulsed laser, driven by an optical gain from multiple quantum wells at telecommunication wavelengths and a temperature of 4 K. A lasing threshold of 23 µW and a cold quality factor of 1500 are deduced through rate equation. This work gives a new potential in the application of topological principles to advance nanophotonic technologies.

Stability of two-class armour berm breakwaters: An experimental study

The recession of a berm breakwater is a key parameter in ensuring its stability, and functionality, to protect coastal areas against wave impacts. Consequently, consideration of the expected recession in structural design is required to ensure the required objectives of the structure. In this study, physical model laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the recession of two-class armour berm breakwaters in response to varying sea state conditions (wave height, wave period, storm duration, and water depth at the structure's toe) and geometrical parameters (berm elevation from still water level, berm width, and rock size). A total of 110 tests were conducted under irregular wave forcing and the results were compared with those of existing formulae, derived specifically for mass armour and Icelandic-type berm breakwaters. Of the existing formulae, the Sigurdarson and Van der Meer (2013) formula that is derived for both mass armour and Icelandic-type berm breakwater outperforms the other formulas. Subsequently, a new empirical formula was developed to estimate the erosion depth based on the dimensionless water depth. The findings from this study could be instrumental for the structural design of two-class armour berm breakwaters under different sea states and geometrical configurations.

A study using a semi-analytical approach to the reaction kinetics that describes the behavior of heterogeneous reaction–diffusion process with a glyoxyl-agarose immobilized enzyme (penicillin G acylase) in a batch reactor

This research article examines the reaction–diffusion process in a batch reactor by means of immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) with a glyoxyl-agarose matrix support. This study employs the Akbari-Ganji’s Method (AGM) when the system is under the internal (intra-particle) diffusional restrictions, and the external (film) diffusional restrictions is negligible. The semi-analytical approximations by the AGM technique are employed for computing the dimensionless steady-state solutions for a system of nonlinear differential equations to examine the impact of internal diffusional restrictions (IDR) as a function of catalyst enzyme loading and particle size. The model entails highly nonlinear components that adhere to the standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In addition to the proposed model, the dynamics for the mean integrated effectiveness factor (MIEF) of the dimensionless substrate concentration phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) is presented. In light of this, there is a satisfactory level of agreement on the comparison of the semi-analytical result with the simulated numerical results across the whole concentration range where the dimensionless initial substrate and product concentrations are S1b=30,S2b=15, and P1b=60,P2b=100. The behavior of concentration profiles under the steady/unsteady state conditions for the effect of IDR on the overall reaction rates by immobilized biocatalyst PGA were examined. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the effective parameter which can influence the diffusional restrictions on MIEF. An error analysis is performed on the dimensionless concentration equations to assess the amount of accuracy and the convergence of a solution.

Shelf-Life Prediction of Shredded Duck “Cahyo” by Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) technique Based on The Arrhenius Model

Shredded Duck "Cahyo" PT Deltasari Indah Restaurant is a shredded product made from duck meat. The shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" can be used as an indication in determining the time and expiration date. Expiration information is one of the important information that must be included in each food packaging. examinations made from the repository to changes in quality decline are carried out to decide the shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo". Therefore, a study was conducted to forecast the shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" PT Deltasari Indah Restaurant. This study's objectives are to decide the critical criteria for determining the shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" and to forecast the shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" products stored at different thermal state conditions. In this study, Accelerated Shelf Life Testing utilizing the Arrhenius model was employed. Shredded Duck "Cahyo" packaged in PET jars underwent repository at thermal states of 30˚C, 40˚C, and 50˚C for 28 days, by examinations conducted every 7 days. Key criteria analyzed encompassed water content, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels, and total microbial presence. The critical criterion selected was the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) criterion, given its low activation energy (Ea) and high R2 value. outcomes indicated that utilizing the Arrhenius model ASLT approach, the shelf lives of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" at 30˚C, 40˚C, and 50˚C were 58 days, 51 days, and 44 days, respectively. Considering actual repository conditions (20˚C and 25˚C), the average shelf life of Shredded Duck "Cahyo" was decided to be 65.5 days.

Degradation analysis of GaN-based high–electron-mobility transistors under different stresses in semi-on state conditions

The large numbers of high-energy carriers that occur in semiconductor devices under semi-on state conditions can cause significant device degradation. The effects of different stresses on the electrical and trapping characteristics of GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are investigated. Test results for GaN HEMTs under semi-on state conditions show that the electrical characteristics of these devices degrade to a certain extent after they are subjected to electrical pulse stress cycles with different drain voltage, frequencies, and duty cycles; a degree of degradation also occurs in the electrical characteristics of the devices when they are subjected to direct current electrical stresses. After electrical stress is applied, the absolute amplitude of the traps in the device increases, thus indicating an increase in the trap density. The results show that voltage is the main driver for device damage, with the current playing an accelerating role through its effects on device temperature or by supplying hot electrons; therefore, the drain voltage has the most significant effect on device degradation, which is mainly due to channel high-energy hot electron injection.

Forecasting the rheological state properties of self-compacting concrete mixes using the response surface methodology technique for sustainable structural concreting.

It is structurally pertinent to understudy the important roles the self-compacting concrete (SCC) yield stress and plastic viscosity play in maintaining the rheological state of the concrete to flow. It is also important to understand that different concrete mixes with varying proportions of fine to coarse aggregate ratio and their nominal sizes produce different and corresponding flow- and fill-abilities, which are functions of the yield stress/plastic viscosity state conditions of the studied concrete. These factors have necessitated the development of regression models, which propose optimal rheological state behavior of SCC to ensure a more sustainable concreting. In this research paper on forecasting the rheological state properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes by using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique, the influence of nominal sizes of the coarse aggregate has been studied in the concrete mixes, which produced experimental mix entries. A total of eighty-four (84) concrete mixes were collected, sorted and split into training and validation sets to model the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of the SCC. In the field applications, the influence of the sampling sizes on the rheological properties of the concrete cannot be overstretched due to the importance of flow consistency in SCC in order to achieve effective workability. The RSM is a symbolic regression analysis which has proven to exercise the capacity to propose highly performable engineering relationships. At the end of the model exercise, it was found that the RSM proposed a closed-form parametric relationship between the outputs (plastic viscosity and yield stress) and the studied independent variables (the concrete components). This expression can be applied in the design and production of SCC with performance accuracies of above 95% and 90%, respectively. Also, the RSM produced graphical prediction of the plastic viscosity and yield stress at the optimized state conditions with respect to the measured variables, which could be useful in monitoring the performance of the concrete in practice and its overtime assessment. Generally, the production of SCC for field applications are justified by the components in this study and experimental entries beyond which the parametric relations and their accuracies are to be reverified.

Quartz Dissolution Effects on Flow Channelization and Transport Behavior in Three‐Dimensional Fracture Networks

AbstractWe perform a set of reactive transport simulations in three‐dimensional fracture networks to characterize the impact of geochemical reactions on flow channelization. Flow channelization, a frequently observed phenomenon in porous and fractured subsurface rock formations, results from the spatially variable hydraulic resistance offered by a geological structure. In addition to geo‐structural features such as network connectivity, geometry, and hydraulic resistance, geochemical reactions, for example, dissolution and precipitation, can dynamically inhibit or enhance flow channelization. These geochemical processes can change the fracture permeability leading to increased flow channelization, which are localized connected regions of high volumetric flow rates that are seemingly ubiquitous in the subsurface. In our simulations, fractures partially filled with quartz are gradually dissolved until quasi‐steady state conditions are obtained. We compare the flow field's initial unreacted and final dissolved states in terms of flow and transport observations. We observe that the dissolved fracture networks provide less resistance to flow and exhibit increased flow channelization when compared to their unreacted counterparts. However, there is substantial variability in the magnitude of these changes which implies that the channelization strongly depends on the network structure. In turn, we identify the interplay between the particular network structure and the impact of geochemical dissolution on flow channelization. The presented results indicate that geological systems that have been weathering or reactive for longer times in older landscapes are likely to have increased flow channelization compared to their equivalent but younger counterparts, which implies a time dependence on flow channelization in fractured media.

The Implication of Elevated Serum Myoglobin Level in Acute Diabetic Complications of Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State: A Real-World Study.

To investigate the implications of elevated myoglobin (MYO) in acute diabetic conditions of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). This study integrates in-patient data from Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Laboratory data were compared between stable T2D patients (without acute diabetic complications), DKA, and HHS patients. The multilinear regression explored variables relevant to the elevated MYO in DKA and HHS. The dynamics of MYO, the survival rate, and associated risk factors in HHS were determined. Except for triglyceride, procalcitonin, low-density lipoprotein, islet cell autoimmune antibodies, N-terminal Pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), there were significant differences in age, gender distribution, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, and other referred laboratory data (p<0.05). The age, gender, creatine kinase (CK), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in DKA, whereas osmolar, uric acid (UA), and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) in the HHS, were significant determinants of elevated MYO, respectively (p<0.05). The dynamic of MYO in HHS was in line with the survival trend, where the percentage of death was 29.73%, and aging with higher procalcitonin levels was a key risk factor. Besides, the cumulative survival rates between patients with or without bone fracture or muscle injury were substantially different. This real-world study demonstrated DKA and HHS potentially have unique causes for increased MYO. By utilizing the appropriate regression parameters, we could forecast the progression of increased MYO in groups of DKA and HHS, while based on risk factors of aging, severity of infection, and different MYO sources, we could predict the prognosis of HHS.

Rhetoric or Change? The Role of State Policies and Conditions in Shaping Postsecondary Education Access and Success for Rural Students

Rhetoric or Change? The Role of State Policies and Conditions in Shaping Postsecondary Education Access and Success for Rural Students