Conditions Of Northern Kazakhstan Research Articles

Justification of the Use of Container Technology in Dumping

The increase in the depth of the quarry is associated with an increase in the work of quarry transport in limited areas, requires a constant increase in the number of transport units, which increases the environmental burden on the environment. The rock mass extracted from the quarry is stored in external dumps, which occupy large areas and significantly worsen the ecology of the region. The operation of mining equipment on dumps with existing technologies causes a number of problems, the main of which is the movement of equipment near the prism of a possible rock collapse. It is proposed to use container technology for transporting the laying rocks in the dump, where the main element of the technology is a mobile lifting machine, which eliminates the need to build roads or railways on board and on the surface of the dump. Self-unloading of container equipment allows you to pour the rock mass directly to the place of laying on the dump. Containers with rock are installed in front of the front of the dump, and the lifting machine is placed on a special platform of the dump. The rock mass is delivered from the faces by dump trucks of any load capacity and unloaded into the hopper of a plate feeder, which fills the containers as they are fed by a quarry lifting machine. the rock is laid in horizontal layers within the step of moving the lifting machine. The weighted average height of the rock rise is equal to half the height of the dump tier. With the new technology, the entire amount of work will be performed by one lifting machine. Increasing the height of the dump to 80 meters with a new method of dumping, reduce the area occupied by dumps by 175 thousand m2 per year. The use of container technology in the formation of the dump allows, when unloading rock from containers into the dump, to reduce energy consumption during the formation of the dump, and increase the economically advantageous height of the dump. This reduces the area occupied by dumps and reduces the harmful effects of mining on the environment. The article discusses the technology of dumping during the formation of dumps using bulldozers in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Traditional technology involves the involvement of a complex of equipment consisting of 8 dump trucks and 1 bulldozer. According to the new technology, the same amount of work can be done thanks to 1 lifting machine. Based on the calculations carried out, it was found that the intensity of dust emissions from internal sources decreases by 1,576 tons per year. A decrease in dust emissions is also observed with an increase in the height of the dump due to a decrease in area, while the difference was 75.57 tons per year. The total decrease from container technology is 1,651.57 tons per year.

GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY FOR GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN SPRING BARLEY COLLECTION GROWN IN NORTH KAZAKHSTAN

Barley is a cereal crop that is grown all over the world. Its grain is used for animal feed, malting, brewing, and food. The quality of barley grain is important, particularly raw starch and protein contents, and it depends on the end-use product. This study looked at a collection of 356 barley accessions from the USA and Kazakhstan grown under conditions of northern Kazakhstan (Karabalyk agricultural experimental station) and genotyped with 1631 polymorphic SNPs markers. The collection was studied for starch (GSC), protein (GPC), cellulose (GCC), and lipids contents (GLC), and for grain test weight (TWL) during two years. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated impact of the year on studied traits and significant associations between grain quality and the yield (P < 0.01). Population structure analysis revealed three subclusters in the studied barley collection with the dominance of the USA’s barley in two of them. As a result of GWAS, 22 significant QTLs (P < 0.001) were identified for the studied grain quality traits including 19 single-trait QTLs, 2 double-trait QTLs, and a one triple-trait QTL. For 16 QTLs, reference quality genes and/or QTLs were found, while the remaining 6 QTLs were presumably novel genetic factors for grain quality traits. As result, these 22 QTLs are expected to be useful for future breeding projects targeting the selection of high grain quality barley cultivars.

The influence of mineral fertilizers on the formation of dry matter and the yield of spring rapeseed in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Relevance. The current trend in the development of agricultural production is the cultivation of spring rape, as a highly profitable and export crop. Mineral nutrition is an integral part of increasing the resistance of rapeseed to adverse environmental factors, increasing and stabilizing yields.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms and norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and morphobiological parameters of spring rape.Methods. Field experiments were laid on the experimental field of the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Academy in 2018–2020. The climate of the zone is arid, the sum of positive temperatures is 2400–2700 °C, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm, GTC is 0.8–0.7. The soil is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem with a neutral reaction, humus is 4.5–5.0%.The object of the study is a hybrid of spring rapeseed SALSA CL F1 (00-type, medium early). Records and observations were carried out according to current state standards, as well as the methodology for conducting state variety testing of agricultural crops.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of various types and norms of mineral fertilizers provides an increase in the yield of spring rapeseed of 0.42–0.68 t/ha. The greatest effect was obtained for the P80:N80 nitroammophos variant, with a yield of 1.72 t/ha, exceeding the standard by 64%. These facts are confirmed by the structural analysis of the obtained crop, as well as observations of the dynamics of the increase in dry matter.

Evaluation of the lines of the control nursery of spring soft wheat in arid conditions North of Kazakhstan

Relevance. Northern Kazakhstan is a region where the main production of spring soft wheat grain is concentrated. The creation and introduction of new varieties that meet the requirements of modern production are relevant.Methods. The objects of research are 76 breeding lines of spring soft wheat. The experience was laid in the steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan region. The climate is arid, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm. The soil is ordinary carbonate heavy loamy chernozem, humus — 4.5–5.0%. Records and observations were carried out according to the Methodology of the state test (2010). The mass of 1000 grains was determined according to GOST 10842-89, the gluten content — according to ST RK 1046-2008, the nature of the grain was determined on a laboratory device Wile 200.Results. The evaluation of the breeding material was carried out in harsh arid conditions according to several economically valuable characteristics: the duration of the growing season, productivity and grain quality. Six most promising lines have been identified for further study in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan: 433 SP-2/20, 438 SP-2/20, 446 SP-2/20, 448 SP-2/20, 619 SP-2/20, 769 SP-2/20 with a yield of 24.0–27.7 kg/ha, weighing 1000 grains — 37.2–42.8 g, in kind — 771–789 g /l, gluten content — 32.32–36.32%.

Optimization of methods of geodetic support for the construction of highways in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Optimization of methods of geodetic support for the construction of highways in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Экологическое испытание сортов сахарного сорго в агроклиматических условиях России и Казахстана

Abstract. The purpose is to assess the adaptability of sugar sorghum genotypes in various agro-climatic zones of cultivation. Methods. The reaction rate of 8 samples of sugar sorghum selected by Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn was evaluated based on the results of the 2020–2022 test in two ecological points: Saratov (Russia, Saratov region) and Kokshetau (Kazakhstan, Akmola region), characterized by different climatic conditions. Methods of cultivation of plants, accounting for yields are generally accepted for sorghum. The repetition in the experiment is threefold, the placement of plots is randomized. Results. According to the results of statistical analysis, the share of the studied factors in the overall variability of traits was established: the greatest contribution to the “plant height” and “biomass yield” was made by the factor “ecological testing point” (33.6–58.0 %), in the “area of the largest leaf” – “genotype” (31.3 %). It was found that in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, characterized by lower heat and moisture availability during sorghum testing (the difference in the sum of active temperatures reached 466.2–769.9 °C, and precipitation – 17.0–106.1 mm in comparison with the conditions of the Lower Volga region of Russia), the area of the largest leaf increased by 10.6 cm2 on average for the group of genotypes studied at the same time, the height of plants and the yield of vegetative mass decreased by 22.2 cm and 11.26 t/ha, respectively. At the same time, varieties and hybrids have been identified that form a biomass yield of 20.54–21.44 t/ha on average during the test period – Chayka, Volzhskoe 51, Sakhara, Kalibr. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the possibility of growing varieties of sugar sorghum selected by Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan is presented. Thus, according to the complex of adaptability parameters in combination with high biomass productivity, on average, the Volzhskoe 51 variety was selected for the points of environmental testing.

The Use of Biofertilizers of Microbial Origin to Increase the Yield of Oil Flax and Spring Barley in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

The Use of Biofertilizers of Microbial Origin to Increase the Yield of Oil Flax and Spring Barley in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Effectiveness of Microbial Biofertilisers in Oilseed Flax Cultivation Technologies in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Effectiveness of Microbial Biofertilisers in Oilseed Flax Cultivation Technologies in the Conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Factors affecting the cost of grain transportion in Northern Kazakhstan

The article considers the factors influencing the cost calculation for thegrain transportation in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Grain production is the leading branch of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it has great strategic importance in implementing priority state programs aimed at developing the agro-industrial complex and rural regions. In turn, the sustainable development of agriculture is the provision of the food security strategy of Kazakhstan. The grain industry is costly due to substantial production volumes, the involvement of many human resources, technical support, and transportation. Minimizing grain transportation costs by identifying factors affecting them will increase competitiveness and accelerate the development of grain logistics. When planning for harvesting and transporting grain, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of transporting agricultural goods. Finally, implications for pricing, capacity, and understanding the basis of pricing are discussed.

Study of Plant Growth and Essential Oil of Nepeta cataria L. in Kazakhstan

The genus Nepeta exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activity in medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. The purpose of the research is to develop the optimal agricultural technology for plantation cultivation of Nepeta cataria L. with the preservation of useful properties and to increase the content of essential oil in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The objects of research are annual plants N. cataria L. growing on a plantation in the Akmola region. It has been reliably proven that the increase in the growth of N. cataria L., the biomass, and the yield is positively affected by the application of complex fertilizer N100P80K120. The essential oil yield was 0.52% in the experiment without fertilizers and 0.57% in the experiment with fertilizers. The main components of the essential oil of N. cataria L. grown in the experimental plots (plot #1 and plot #2) were 4aα7α7aα-Nepetalactone (76.5612 and 79.3200%), β-caryophyllene (4.0001 and 4.0351%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.9789 and 2.5969%). The remaining components were contained in the essential oil in small quantities. The composition of the essential oil of plants from Kazakhstan was similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from central Iran, Egypt, and Korea, because the main substance was nepetalactone. The conducted studies prove the success of growing catnip in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

The yield of elite potato varieties for primary seed production using precision agriculture technologies in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of conducting primary seed production of virus-free original and zoned potato varieties in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The creation and introduction into the production of new virus-free highly productive potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits is a priority for the national economy of any state. Providing potato-growing farms with high-quality seeds of local varieties has been and remains an acute problem for the industry. The data on the yield and quality of tubers depending on the reproduction of potatoes are presented. So, when assessing the yield of virus-free potato varieties, a good indicator was observed in Dunyasha (12.7 t/ha), Zeren (9.2 t/ha), and Sante (6.4 t/ha). When harvesting from an area of 0.6 ha, 3.4 tons of super-elite potatoes were harvested with an average yield of 5.7 t/ha.

ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОРТОВ И ГИБРИДОВ СОРГОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

Sugar sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are rare crops in Northern Kazakhstan. One of the constraints to the introduction is the low range of varieties and hybrids adapted to the climate of a region characterized by heat, moisture and a short frost-free period. Now an important factor is the selection of short-season variety and hybrids able to achieve: milky-wax ripeness (for feed); wax and complete ripeness (for seeds). Nine varieties of sorghum sugar and seven sorghum-sudangrass hybrids were used as research target. Experiments were carried out in 2020-2022 on the practice field of Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov. Research has revealed varieties capable of ripening to complete ripeness of seeds: Capital (growing period on average 101 days) and Volunteer (103 days). Also, varieties ripening to wax ripeness are defined: Seville, Sahara, Volzhskoe 51 and Chaika. Under regional conditions, the optimum period from seeding to flowering should be considered 70-75 days. Studied sorghum-sudangrass hybrids did not have time to form seeds and are recommended for hay, and green feed. The results of the research show the possibility to select sugar sorghum under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, and open the prospects for local varieties.

ГРЕЧИХА ПОСЕВНАЯ (Fagopirum esculentum) КАК ИСТОЧНИК РУТИНА НА СЕВЕРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА

The article presents the results of studies of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) plants as a source of bioflavonoids – biologically active compounds of polyfunctional action. Buckwheat is the only agricultural crop in Kazakhstan that contains rutin. Modern pharmacological studies show that rutin helps lower blood cholesterol levels, exhibits high antioxidant activity and is used in the treatment of many chronic diseases. In the process of research, the gene resources of buckwheat (varieties, hybrids, populations) were studied and the content of rutin in the aerial parts of plants was determined. The dynamics of rutin accumulation in buckwheat plants was revealed, the presence of a relationship between the content of rutin and the main breeding and economic traits was established. A promising source material with a high content of rutin has been isolated for use in the breeding process. For the first time, the quantitative parameters of the content of rutin at various stages of the ontogenesis of buckwheat in the conditions of northern Kazakhstan were determined. The phases of plant development with the maximum concentration of rutin have been established. The initial material of buckwheat with a high content of rutin was evaluated for a complex of useful features. The variability of the color of the plant and grain (nucleus) as a marker for the selection of plants with a high content of rutin was studied. As a result of the research, the possibility of using the entire vegetative mass of buckwheat (flowers, leaves, stem) of various biotypes as a raw material for the production of rutin with the extraction of the target product has been shown.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО СОРТОВ СОИ ИЗ МИРОВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

The article summarizes the results of a long-term study of soybean varieties from the world collection in the North of Kazakhstan, in the Kostanay region on the experimental fields of LLP "SKOS "Zarechnoye". In the period from 2020 to 2022, about 250 varieties of various ripeness groups from the world soybean collection were screened. An assessment of their ability to form a crop in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was carried out. Full filling of seeds during the years of research of the collection was achieved in most cases by cultivars created by breeders of the northern countries of the world, since they have low photoperiodic sensitivity, are not oppressed by low temperature, but at the same time are sensitive to excess precipitation. The protein content in the seeds of the studied soybean samples belonging to the precocious group varies from 37.8 to 41.1%. The highest indicator is in the Hay Hek variety 14 (41.1%). But among all the numbers of the collection, the leading indicators are: 126/1, 186/1, Zlata and Pitket K6298, respectively 44.2%, 44.3%, 44.5 and 45.4%. The high protein content in soybean seeds can be explained by their high ability to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The studied gene pool has been characterized by a number of characteristics and can serve as a valuable source material for the creation of varieties recommended for cultivation in the North of Kazakhstan.

VALIDATION OF MARKER-TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS IN SIX-ROWED BARLEY LINES BRED IN KAZAKHSTAN

Barley is an important cereal crop in Kazakhstan, mostly used for animal feeding, malting, and the food industry. The success of barley production is dependent on the genetic resources (cultivars) available, and local breeding programs that focus on the development of competitive cultivars. One way to develop new high-yielding cultivars and improve the efficiency of breeding programs is the application of modern molecular genetic and genomic tools. One such technology is genome-wide association study (GWAS), which has been successfully applied to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the valuable traits. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on GWAS can be converted to flexible and cost-effective KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assays and validated for use in future marker-assisted breeding projects. The purpose of this study was to genotype eleven promising six-rowed barley lines using twenty-one KASP assays associated with agronomic traits reported in previous GWAS. The genotyping results suggested that only seven out of twenty-one KASP markers were polymorphic in this group of barley accessions. The t-test output suggested that six out of nine agronomic traits were significantly associated with seven KASPs. Notably, two assays (ipbb_hv_6, ipbb_hv_108) affected both vegetation period (VP) and yield per m2 (YM2) in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, where barley is growing in more than 80% of total crop sowing areas of the country. The application of these highly informative KASP markers can help enhance the efficiency of local breeding projects in barley.

Grain quality of spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars developed in Western Siberia under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Background. Environmental testing is the first stage of wheat breeding, the purpose of which is to identify wheat samples suitable for local environments and capable of forming a fairly stable yield and high-quality grain. The proposed study presents the test results for spring bread wheat cultivars of Russian breeding grown in arid environments of Northern Kazakhstan in order to preserve their yield and baking qualities.Materials and methods. The material of the study included 15 spring bread wheat cultivars. Protein and gluten content and the quality of gluten were determined using an infrared analyzer; the physical properties of the test were assessed using a Chopin alveograph and Brabender farinograph.Results. As a result of biochemical assessment, increased protein and gluten content and grain weight were observed in cvs. ‘Tyumenskaya 30’, ‘Aviada’, ‘Lutescens 585’, ‘Serebrina’, and ‘Tyumenets 2’. Dough deformation energy (W) characteristic of high-quality wheat and the balance in the P/L ratio (elasticity/elongation) were shown by cvs. ‘Tyumenskaya 33’ (290 a.u.; 1.15 P/L), ‘SKENT-3’ (307 a.u.; 0.89 P/L), and ‘Lutescens 585’ (374 a.u., 1.10 P/L). In laboratory baking, the volume of bread ranged from 620 ml (‘Tyumenskaya 27’) to 768 ml (‘Tyumenskaya 29’) with an average value of 707 ml. A baking quality analysis of the cultivars grown in the Northern Trans-Urals and Northern Kazakhstan demonstrated that the conditions in Northern Kazakhstan were more favorable for obtaining bread with an increased volume. On the basis of environmental tests and an assessment of a set of biochemical and technological indicators, cvs. ‘SKENT-3’ and ‘Tyumenskaya 29’ were selected. It makes sense to continue studying wheat cultivars that can be sources and donors of high-quality grain for the development of cultivars for the arid steppe of Northern Kazakhstan.

ECOLOGICAL TESTING OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

One of the most vital selection issues is creation of wheat varieties adaptive to certain soil and climatic conditions. Ecological testing plays an important role in evaluation of new source material and development of varieties. The aim of our research is to study samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical origin by a complex of economically valuable traits in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The object of the study was 52 varieties of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin from 20 institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Sowing was carried out on fallow at appropriate time for the zone in two repetitions. The plot area was 5 m2, seeding amount was 3.5 million of viable seeds per hectare. Agrotechnics of the experimental plot was carried out in accordance with recommendations for spring wheat cultivation in Akmola region. Along with making record of the yield data, the duration of the growing season was also determined, the grain was assessed by the content of protein, gluten and FDM. Phenological observations, records and evaluation of samples were carried out in accordance with recommendations of KASIB system, which are based on All-Russian Institute of Agriculture method. According to the research results of 52 varieties and lines of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, it was established that these samples differed in types of ripeness, yield and formation of quality parametres. On average for 2019-2021, Line 67/98-13 (Scientific and production center of grain farming named after A.I. Baraev) matured the earliest - 85 days. The maximum yield was formed by Pamyati Azieva variety (International standard) - 24.2 dt/ha, high protein content - 19.39% was noted in the line Erythrospermum 79/07 (Karabalykskaya Agricultural Test Station). Line 67/98-13 (Scientific and production center of grain farming named after A.I. Baraev) has a high content and quality of gluten - 37.5%, 75 units of FDM. It is recommended to use the samples distinguished for this or that trait in this zone for creation of new source materials.

Camelina seeds yield depending on the use of different preparations and sowing dates in the north of Kazakhstan

The results of a field experiment on the effect of microbiological and chemical plant protection agents on the productivity of camelina seeds are presented. The preparations (seed treatment before sowing was made with Extrasol, during vegetation - with insecticide Proteus and fungicide Pictor) were studied against the background of different sowing dates (15-20 May; 25-30 May). As a control, the version without the use of drugs was investigated. The field experiment was laid in quadruple repetition, the plot area was 63 m2. The seeding method is row seeding with a seeding rate of 6.0 million germinating seeds/ha. The forecrop is the 1st wheat after fallow. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The object of the study are the seeds and plantings of camelina Isilkulets variety. The soil of the site is chernozem, humus content - 2.50-3.89 %, nitrogen - 30.80-81.20 mg/kg, phosphorus - 11-30 mg/kg, potassium 620-770 mg/kg. The seeds were treated with Extrasol solution at the rate of 2 l (10 l of working solution)/t of seeds on the day of seeding. The optimal seeding date for camelina (May 25-30) and the optimal combination of preparations with seed treatment and spraying of crops with fungicide are recommended. The duration of the growing season of camelina in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was revealed, which averaged 72-81 days. High productivity was noted with the microbiological preparation Extrasol (seed treatment) and spraying of crops with fungicide Pictor (11.5-16.0 c/ha). A significant (LSD05 = 0.52) increase in seed yield was 0.77 t/ha. It was found that abundant rains during the growing season contribute to increased development and spread of diseases (fusariosis: R = 14.3-21.5 % and P = 27.5-86.4 %; alternariosis: R = 14.3-20.6 % and P = 25.2-84.3 %).

Развитие международного сотрудничества по кормопроизводству России и Казахстана (памяти Кушенова Бауржана Макушевича)

The article is dedicated to the memory of the recently departed from us outstanding scientist of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of crop production, fodder production, meadow farming and agrochemistry, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Koshen Bauyrzhan Makoshuly (Kushenov Baurzhan Makushevich). He was born on 16.04.1962 in Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola region, Akkol district, village of Barap). In 1979, he entered the West Kazakhstan Agricultural Institute, from which he graduated in 1984 with a degree in agronomy, qualification "Scientist Agronomist". In 1986–1989 B.M. Kushenov studied at the graduate school of the All-Union Williams Research Institute of Feed. After successful completion of postgraduate studies, he defended his PhD thesis on the topic "Effective methods of using pasture stands and caring for them in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the RSFSR". From 1989 to 2003 B.M. Kushenov's career took place at the All-Union Barayev Research Institute of Grain Farming, where he worked his way up from a junior researcher to deputy director. From 2003 to 2015 Kushenov B.M. worked as the first deputy director of the Republican Scientific and Methodological Center of the Agrochemical Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 2004 until the end of his life, he remained a professor at the Kokshetau Ualikhanov University. In 2010 B.M. Kushenov defended the dissertation of the Doctor of Agricultural Sciences on the topic "Agrobiological fundamentals technology of corn cultivation for silage and its use in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan" in the specialties of fodder production and meadow farming, feeding of farm animals and feed technology. Throughout his life, B.M. Kushenov has been conducting extensive international activities, constantly strengthening the relationship between scientists of Kazakhstan and Russia, working on our common problems of increasing the productivity and sustainability of our agricultural lands, rational use and improvement of hayfields and pastures. Under his leadership, scientists from Kazakhstan and Russia jointly made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture and feed production in our countries. He is the author of about 300 scientific papers in leading Kazakh, Russian and foreign publications, including 26 monographs, 37 guidelines and recommendations, 45 copyright certificates and patents of the USSR, Russia and Kazakhstan.

The Genetic Potential of Spring Durum Wheat Grain Quality in the North of Kazakhstan

The paper presents information about the cultivation of spring durum wheat in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Methods for assessing the quality of grain and semolina in the breeding process are shown: SDS sedimentation, protein content according to Kjeldahl, content, and index of gluten using the Glutomatic 2200 system, vitreousness, hardness SKCS 4100, content of carotenoid pigments, measurements of the color of grain and semolina using a CR-colorimeter. 410, Konica Minolta, commodity and technical properties of pasta; the characteristics of durum wheat genotypes are given as well. Relationships between quality indicators based on correlation analysis are established; indicators of hardness and vitreousness are in close connection with the most significant features: Protein content, gluten, pasta color, and evaluation of pasta properties. The quality of the studied durum wheat genotypes was found to meet the requirements of importers of Kazakh grain: Protein content averaged 14.9%, bulk density averaged 80.5 kg/hL, and the b* value in the Lab color evaluation system was at the level of 26.78 on average for semolina genotypes, with the maximum values found in Damsinskaya 2017 (32.17). Among the Kazakh varieties with the highest quality characteristics, the varieties Lavina, Damsinskaya Yubileinaya, and Korona stand out: Protein content (14.86-15.22%), gluten content 33.2-36.2%, gluten index 50-65, b* value (yellowness index) 23.82-26.74, vitreousness 80-84%. All studied genotypes belonged to hard-grained forms (hard-grain index 67-75).