Conditions Of Industrial Pollution Research Articles

Особенности транслокации кадмия в насаждениях липы мелколистной (Tilia cordata Mill.) в условиях загрязнения окружающей среды (стерлитамакский промышленный центр)

The purpose of the research is to assess the vital state of woody plants and study the features of the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in the underground and aboveground organs of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) under conditions of pollution of the Sterlitamak industrial center and in the conditional control zone. It was established that in the impact zone of the Sterlitamak industrial center the relative vitality of small-leaved linden trees is «weakened» (Ln=72.75%), and in the conditional control zone – «healthy» (Ln=88.25%). In the contaminated zone in the upper soil layer of 0‑10 cm, the saturation with absorbing linden roots was 32.42 ± 1.52 g/m2, at a depth of 10‑20 cm – 52.34 ± 2.50 g/m2, and at a depth of 20‑30 cm – 31.30 ± 3.21 g/m2. In the conditional control zone, a similar pattern is noted: in the upper soil layer of 0‑10 cm, the saturation with absorbing roots was 55.53 ± 2.52 g/m2, at a depth of 10‑20 cm – 69.34 ± 4.62 g/m2. Technogenic Cd accumulates in the upper soil layers of 0‑10 (20) cm, which leads to a decrease in the proportion of absorbing roots. The coefficients of biological absorption (0.71) and accumulation (1.30) of Cd in linden roots under conditions of environmental pollution were calculated. It was shown that according to the content of Cd in the organs of linden, the following series is formed (in descending order): roots>branches>leaves. A decrease in Cd entry into the above-ground organs of linden was revealed, which indicates that the root system performs a barrier function in relation to pollutants. Linden plantations successfully grow in conditions of industrial pollution and generally perform environmental stabilizing functions.

Evaluation of the metal content of cleaned and dirty balsam poplar leaves in industrial pollution conditions

Plants can absorb nearly all the chemicals present in the environment in large or small quantities. Chemical inputs as a result of industrial emissions accumulate primarily in the leaves of woody plants. This study compares the metal content of cleaned and dirty leaves of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) under Sterlitamak Industrial Centre conditions. Under pollution conditions, high levels of metals were detected in cleaned and dirty poplar leaves. Chromium, cobalt, copper and nickel from artificial sources are extensively accumulated in poplar leaves in contaminated areas. Moreover, a prevailing accumulation of chromium, cobalt and nickel was observed in the cleaned leaves, excluding cadmium, 14 times more prevalent in dirty poplar leaves than in cleaned leaves. The zinc content of the cleaned and dirty leaves is almost the same. Increasing the concentration of elements in dirty poplar leaves under pollution conditions (per dry biomass (mg/kg)) can be arranged in the following order: Cd < Zn < Pb < Co < Ni < Cr < Cu. The accumulation of metals in balsam poplar leaves during the growing season was evaluated. Bioaccumulation values of metals have been determined for the biomass of leaves.

Biomass and mortmass of woody vegetation in metal-contaminated areas (Southern Urals, Russia).

BackgroundSince the mid-2000s, long-term monitoring of various components of natural ecosystems under conditions of industrial pollution has been carried out in the Southern Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on various components of biota in different biotopes, collected with different methods and in different time intervals, continue to be gathered. In addition, data collected through these monitoring programmes can also be used to study the local biodiversity of non-polluted areas.In 2012, in the vicinity of the Karabash Copper Smelter, a study of communities of small mammals was carried out, considering the heterogeneity of their habitats. Within the framework of this project, we presented a detailed description of the state of woody vegetation in the study area.New informationThe dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/61384edd-2d0a-437b-8cf0-ff4d2dfcc0da) includes the results of an assessment of the woody vegetation biomass at seven habitats (pine, birch and floodplain forests, reed swamp, sparse birch stand, marshy meadow and dump of household waste) of areas with different levels of industrial pollution in the vicinities of the Karabash, the Southern Urals. Karabash Copper Smelter (KCS) is one of Russia’s most significant point polluters; the main components of its emissions are heavy metals, dust and sulphur dioxide. Parameters of woody vegetation (diameter at breast height, diameter at root collar level and biomass) were estimated for seven forest elements (forest stand, subcanopy (undergrowth and underwood), half-dead tree of a forest stand and four types of coarse woody debris (downed bole, fragment of downed bole, standing dead tree and stump)) at 41 sampling plots (20 at unpolluted and 21 at polluted areas) and 165 subplots (81 and 84, respectively). The dataset includes 411 sampling events (estimation events of the forest elements at sampling plots and subplots), corresponding to 5786 occurrences (estimations of the woody vegetation components) observed during July 2012. For most woody vegetation components (72%), an estimate of the above-ground phytomass is given. For each sampling event, information on the presence or absence of woody vegetation species at the considered habitats is provided (a total of 1479 occurrences with status "absent"). The dataset can be used for environmental monitoring, sustainable forest management, modelling forest productivity considering global changes, studying the structure and biodiversity of forest cover and assessing forests’ carbon-sequestration capacity. In addition, the dataset provides information about different forest ecosystems under the influence of strong industrial pollution.

Research of beta-radioactivity of certain medicinal plants of Dnipro area

In the course of research conducted in the laboratory of radioecology of DNU, information was obtained on the beta-radioactivity of nine species of medicinal plants from two types of habitats – meadow biocenosis on the outskirts of the village. Kirovsky Dnipro region and a weed-meadow group near the town of Kamyanske, Dnipro area. Beta-radioactivity of the studied medicinal plants varied in the range from 1.18×10-5 Bq to 19.09×10-5 Bq at relatively clean habitats and from 18.35×10-5 Bq to 82.95×10-5 Bq on the anthropogenically polluted area. In a relatively clean habitat, the lowest indicators of beta-radioactivity in aboveground organs are characterized by Artemisia vulgaris L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus, the highest – Hypericum perforatum L. and Achillea submillefolium Klokov &amp; Krytzka. In the underground organs, the highest indicators of beta-radioactivity were recorded in Artemisia vulgaris and Hypericum perforatum, the lowest – in Melissa officinalis L. and Valeriana officinalis L. Under conditions of industrial pollution, the lowest indicators of beta-radioactivity in aboveground organs were found in Artemisia vulgaris and Matricaria recutita L., in underground – in Tanacetum vulgare L. and Achillea submillefolium. The highest values of beta-radioactivity in these conditions were registered in the aboveground organs of Tanacetum vulgare and Hypericum perforatum and in the underground parts of Melissa officinalis and Hypericum perforatum. The analysis showed that the anthropogenic factor (pollution) has a statistically proven effect on the beta-radioactivity of the studied medicinal plants (with a probability of P = 0.999). Indicators of the strength of influence were high – from 67 to 85%. Anthropogenic pollution has the greatest impact on the beta-radioactivity of underground organs. The identified trend reflects a well-known natural dependence – the farther along the transport chain from the root is the body, the less, as a rule, it accumulates radionuclides. The detected values of beta-radioactivity, including in the industrially contaminated area are not dangerous with a single use of the studied medicinal plants. However, medicinal plants collected in the contaminated area due to increased beta-radioactivity can cause damage with prolonged systematic use due to the cumulative effect and are therefore not recommended for use.

Fatty acid composition of porcine while adding amino acid, vitamin mineral and oily components under the conditions of industrial pollution

Fatty acid composition of porcine while adding amino acid, vitamin mineral and oily components under the conditions of industrial pollution

Arachnids (Araneae, Opiliones) from grass stand and forest litter in the Urals, Russia.

BackgroundSince the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of various components of natural ecosystems under conditions of industrial pollution has been carried out in the Central Urals. In the mid-2000s, similar programmes were started in the Southern Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on invertebrates in different types of biotopes, collected with different methods and in a different time intervals, continue to be gathered. Amongst the most well-studied groups of invertebrates are spiders and harvestmen whose communities are a convenient indicator of the environment. The data collected through these monitoring programmes can also be used to study natural local biodiversity.New informationThe dataset, presented here, includes information from a long-term monitoring programme for Araneae and Opiliones that inhabit grass stands of secondary dry meadows and litter of spruce-fir, aspen-birch and pine-birch forests in the Central and Southern Urals. The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/e170dbd1-a67f-4514-841c-5296b290ca90) describes the assemblage structure of spiders and harvestmen (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal and inter-annual dynamics for two large areas in the southern taiga zone of the Ural Mountains. The dataset includes 1,351 samples, which correspond to 5,462 occurrences identified during 2004–2009, 2013 and 2018. In total, we collected 10,433 specimens, representing 178 species (36% of arachnofauna of the Urals), 115 genera (54%) and 23 families (100%). Most of the data (4,939 of 5,462 occurrences, 90%) were collected in the western macro-slope of the Ural Mountains (European part of Russia), the rest in the eastern macro-slope (Asian part). All represented data were sampled in industrially undisturbed areas and are used as a local reference for ecotoxicological monitoring. The dataset provides new useful information for recording the state of biodiversity for the Central and Southern Urals and contributes to the study of biodiversity conservation.

Morphological characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa in the urban ecosystem of Novosibirsk city

Changes in leaf morphological characteristics in Potentilla fruticosa growing under the transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been studied. Leaf morphological characteristics were determined by computer image analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). It was found that, in response to anthropogenic disturbance, the size of the assimilating organs of plants decreased by a factor of 1.2-4.5 and the leaf fluctuating asymmetry increased compared to these parameters in control plants; the urban area had a high level of environmental pollution, and the control area a low level.

The state of bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Under the conditions of industrial pollution

Abstract The paper studies the influence of industrial pollution on bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoot of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the conditions of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine. It analyses the state of biometric parameters of the shoot and anatomic indices of the stem of the studied species exposed to toxic gases. It was found that there are adaptive changes in the histological structure of the stem of R. pseudoacacia under the conditions of technogenesis. The study revealed that bio-ecological characteristics of the black locust are highly resistant to industrial emissions with big shares of SO2 and NO2. It was suggested to use R. pseudoacacia for greening of the technogenic territories.

The Study of Bioindicators Possibilities of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Under the Conditions of Industrial Pollution

Ant assemblages were studied under the influence of chemical, coal and cement dust, lead-zinc and metallurgical industry wastes in Kuzbass, Russia. The distribution of nests of various ants’ species, types of nests, dimensional characteristics and their share by areas were analyzed. It has been revealed that with the increase of anthropogenic impact, the size of the ground parts of the ant nests decreases, and the number of underground nests grows. The predominance of L. niger and M. rubra nests in the ant assemblages indicates a high degree of anthropogenic stress, and a decrease in their share appears to be an indicator of a decrease in anthropogenic impact. We conclude that the number of nests of the genus Lasius, the ratio of underground and dome (in the form of earthen mounds and mounds from plant residues) nests, and the linear dimensions of nests can be used as a bioindicator of the industrial emissions’ impact on biocenosis.

Comparative Characteristics of Pine, Spruce and Larch Pigmental Complex Seasonal Variability in Industrial Pollution Conditions

Comparative Characteristics of Pine, Spruce and Larch Pigmental Complex Seasonal Variability in Industrial Pollution Conditions

Effect of Transport and Industrial Pollution on Morphometric Parameters and Element Composition of Potentilla fruticosa

Changes in the morphological leaf characteristics and element composition of the overground organs of Potentilla fruticosa L. plants that grow under transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been analyzed. It has been established that the content of heavy metals (iron, nickel, vanadium, and titanium) has increased 1.3 to 9.5 times in the overground organs of the plants from street planting when compared to the control plants. The technogenic impact has led to a decrease in the size of the assimilation organs of the P. fruticosa leaf and a growth in the value of the index of fluctuating asymmetry of the terminal leaf lobe when compared to the background plants. The index of fluctuating asymmetry of the terminal lobe of leaf of P. fruticose shows that the environmental quality of the urbanized area is characterized by a high degree of pollution, while the environmental quality of the background area is characterized by a low degree of pollution.

Studying of Plants Populations in the Conditions of Industrial Pollution in the Neighborhood of the Cities of the Karaganda Region

Objective In the article the results of studying of structure of plant populations are given in the neighborhood of the industrial cities of Temirtau, Balkhash, Zhezkazgan and in adjacent territories. Methods Field researches were conducted route-recognostic and semiportable methods. For each vegetable community established full floristic structure, determined phases of phenological development of separate species, their vital state, abundance (by a scale of Drudae), placement, morphometric parameters (height, development). Population density was estimated on the basis of data on a projective covering of vegetation. The age structure of communities we studied with application of methodological recommendations of R. Rabotnov. Reference of plants to this or that age state - based on a complex of qualitative morphological features the fresh and herbarizated plants. Results It has defined that round the industrial cities there is a loss longterm long vegetative elements, the share the ruderal grassy oneyear elements increases. Conclusion The carried-out analysis of a ratio a bio morph showed considerable changes and in the ratio trees, bushes, semi-low shrubs, grassy perennials and annual and biennial plants

PROPAGANTION, ECOLOGICAL-BIOLOGICAL FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE OF RED FESCUE (FESTUCA RUBRA L., POACEAE)

It is shown that red fescue form (Festuca rubra var. genuina Gr. et Godr.) is the long root-curtin cereal and a perfect «builder» of turf couver. This type contains more mezophytes than another types, though there are forms from gigrophytes to mezokserofit. In Ukraine it’s the common type of meadow herbage which can be find in forest, foreststeppe zone, in Carpathians. In the steppe zone it is mostly adventitious.&#x0D; Original never described before property of Festuca rubra var. genuina Gr. et Godr. is the optional ortotrophnyh ( vertical growth). This phenomenon contributes to the formation of vertical orientation turf (registered in shading conditions and increased air humidity). Support and the basis for this are the Tree trunks and rocks are herewith its support.&#x0D; Festuca rubra is one of the most applicable plants for making of high quality lawns and antierosion sod cover in the steppe zone including the industrial pollution conditions, in the zone of spraying by sea spray as well as for growing of “roll turf”. &#x0D; Ecological-biological properties of Festuca rubra give the big possibilities for improvement of its range, the most closely adapted to the specific conditions of habitat in the steppe zone and introduction of high-performance seed here.

PROPAGANTION, ECOLOGICAL-BIOLOGICAL FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE OF RED FESCUE (FESTUCA RUBRA L., POACEAE)

It is shown that red fescue form (Festuca rubra var. genuina Gr. et Godr.) is the long root-curtin cereal and a perfect «builder» of turf couver. This type contains more mezophytes than another types, though there are forms from gigrophytes to mezokserofit. In Ukraine it’s the common type of meadow herbage which can be find in forest, foreststeppe zone, in Carpathians. In the steppe zone it is mostly adventitious.&#x0D; Original never described before property of Festuca rubra var. genuina Gr. et Godr. is the optional ortotrophnyh ( vertical growth). This phenomenon contributes to the formation of vertical orientation turf (registered in shading conditions and increased air humidity). Support and the basis for this are the Tree trunks and rocks are herewith its support.&#x0D; Festuca rubra is one of the most applicable plants for making of high quality lawns and antierosion sod cover in the steppe zone including the industrial pollution conditions, in the zone of spraying by sea spray as well as for growing of “roll turf”. &#x0D; Ecological-biological properties of Festuca rubra give the big possibilities for improvement of its range, the most closely adapted to the specific conditions of habitat in the steppe zone and introduction of high-performance seed here.

Zooplankton of reservoirs in the upper reaches of the kenti river system (Northern Karelia) under long-term industrial pollution conditions

An assessment is given for the contemporary state of zooplankton community in the waters of the upper reaches of the Kenti River system under the conditions of long-term potash-sulfate industrial pollution. This article presents a number of structural indicators of the zooplankton community that show simplification in the structure of species diversity and its reduction, as well as the disappearance of a number of systematic groups. It is noted that the number of zooplankton taxa increases with distance from the source of pollution (Kostomukshskoe and Kento lakes), and the average quantitative indicators also increase in this case. A comparison with the results that were previously obtained for the reservoirs of the studied environment has been carried out.

ADAPTATION OF TRANSLATIONAL APPARATUS OF PLASTIDS OF DAYLILY SORTS (НEMEROCALLIS L.) TOWARDS THE POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS

The specificity of the accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd) by cultivars Hemerocallis and peculiarities of adaptation of the photosynthetic system of daylilies in the conditions of industrial pollution and impact of emissions of motor transport were presented. The highest values of the indices of interstitial pollution of leaves by Pb ions and the fastest rate of lipid peroxidation in leaf cells were typical for cv. Stagecoach. The lowest rate of accumulation of the majority of heavy metals were registered for cv. Winnie the Pooh. The overall pattern of adaptive reactions of daylilies to the pollution was the alteration in chlorophyll a and b ratio. It was lower in more sensitive (cv. Stagecoach) and higher in more persistent (cv. Winnie the Pooh) sorts. The translocation indices for barrier block "soil-sheets" suggest that all the cultivars have persistent anti-concentration barrier only for Ni, which actively operates both in normal and industrial conditions (translocation indices < 1,0).

Application of Fungal Metabolites for Evaluation of Pine Stand Vigor in Conditions of Industrial Pollution

Two methods for evaluation of pine stand vigor were tested on permanent sample plots near Krasnoyarsk City: visual evaluation and exposure to fungal metabolites. In the first case, forest vigor was estimated using the six-point system of the Sanitary Regulations of the Russian Federation as the mean score for 200 trees on the sample plots. In the second case, the vigor was evaluated from the size of the necrotic spot on the tree cortex after inoculation of 22-25 randomly chosen pines with the extract of fungus Ceratocystis laricicola Red-fern and Miter. The necrotic spot size was significantly larger in pines from polluted forest as compared to background one. This points to the decrease in infection protection of trees affected by pollution, although visual evaluation of the stand vigor could not distinguish the polluted and background stands.

Specific Anatomical Features of Vegetative Organs in Some Macrophyte Species under Conditions of Industrial Pollution

Specific Anatomical Features of Vegetative Organs in Some Macrophyte Species under Conditions of Industrial Pollution

Influence of spruce and pine on the acidity and composition of atmospheric fallout in north taiga forests of an industrially developed region

The ideas concerning the spatial and temporal variation of acidity and composition of atmospheric fallout in forests of the boreal zone are discussed. The role played by the atmospheric component in the functioning of these forests depends on the acidity and composition of fallout and the extent of their transformation by the biocenosis. The most profound transformation of fallout occurs during the growing season. In spaces between crowns, the corresponding changes are atmogenic; in undercrown areas, they are obviously biogenic (autogenic). Spruce transforms the fallout more intensively than pine. Under conditions of industrial pollution, the atmobiogenic character of fallout is supplemented with a technogenic component, as its acidity and concentration of pollutants and other elements sharply increase. Concentrations of principal cations reach high values because of their leaching from the crown by acid precipitation. The traditional concept of atmospheric load on boreal forests should be reconsidered taking into account their spatial structure.