Особенности транслокации кадмия в насаждениях липы мелколистной (Tilia cordata Mill.) в условиях загрязнения окружающей среды (стерлитамакский промышленный центр)

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to assess the vital state of woody plants and study the features of the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in the underground and aboveground organs of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) under conditions of pollution of the Sterlitamak industrial center and in the conditional control zone. It was established that in the impact zone of the Sterlitamak industrial center the relative vitality of small-leaved linden trees is «weakened» (Ln=72.75%), and in the conditional control zone – «healthy» (Ln=88.25%). In the contaminated zone in the upper soil layer of 0‑10 cm, the saturation with absorbing linden roots was 32.42 ± 1.52 g/m2, at a depth of 10‑20 cm – 52.34 ± 2.50 g/m2, and at a depth of 20‑30 cm – 31.30 ± 3.21 g/m2. In the conditional control zone, a similar pattern is noted: in the upper soil layer of 0‑10 cm, the saturation with absorbing roots was 55.53 ± 2.52 g/m2, at a depth of 10‑20 cm – 69.34 ± 4.62 g/m2. Technogenic Cd accumulates in the upper soil layers of 0‑10 (20) cm, which leads to a decrease in the proportion of absorbing roots. The coefficients of biological absorption (0.71) and accumulation (1.30) of Cd in linden roots under conditions of environmental pollution were calculated. It was shown that according to the content of Cd in the organs of linden, the following series is formed (in descending order): roots>branches>leaves. A decrease in Cd entry into the above-ground organs of linden was revealed, which indicates that the root system performs a barrier function in relation to pollutants. Linden plantations successfully grow in conditions of industrial pollution and generally perform environmental stabilizing functions.