Conditions Of Immobilization Stress Research Articles

The combined action of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under the immobilization stress conditions (an experimental study)

The present study carried out on white male rats in experiments with the use of biochemical, radioimmunological, and electron- microscopic methods. It was shown that the combined treatment with potable mineral water (MV) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (LIEMR) of ultrahigh frequency (power density less than 1 pW/cm2, the frequency about 1000 MHz) facilitated the activation of metabolic and intracellular regenerative processes in the liver and testes. One of the advantages of the combined application of MV and LIEMR over the single-factor treatment manifested itself as the weakening of stress reactions, the increase in the frequency of the plastic processes, and the more harmonious development of different forms of intracellular regeneration. The results of the study provide a deeper insight ino the mechanisms underlying the combined actions of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation; also, they justify the application of these factors for the protection of the reproductive system and the entire body from stress-induced disorders.

Cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase activity is a sensitive indicator of the antioxidant status of the rat liver and brain

Several parameters of the cytoplasmic enzymatic antioxidant system of the liver and brain of the rat have been investigated under conditions of immobilization stress and of an antioxidant preparation in the diet of animals. These included superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and nonspecific NADPH oxidation. Only changes in the activity of SOD both in the liver and brain were revealed. In the liver of animals that receive no preparation, a decrease in the activity of SOD after 30-min immobilization and its restoration after a 360-min immobilization were observed. In the brain, the activity of SOD decreased only in preconditioned animals after 30 and 360 min of exposure to stress. In addition, the activity of SOD in the brain of preconditioned animals, both stressed and unstressed, was lower than in the corresponding groups of control animals. It is probable that, under the conditions of immobilization stress, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as a consequence the activity of SOD decrease. The intake of an antioxidant preparation under these conditions seems to be not correct.

The influence of drinking mineral water and magnetic field on the development of compensatory-adaptive reactions in rat testicles under immobilization stress conditions

The experiments were carried out on the white male rats using light and electron microscopy in combination with biochemical methods. It was shown that the combination of consumption of drinking sulfate mineral water (MW) and application of a magnetic field following immobilization stress promotes the development of compensatory-adaptive processes in the rat testicles to a greater degree than drinking mineral water alone. An important contribution to the improvement of spermatogenesis comes from the restoration of structural and functional integrity of the components performing the barrier function in the testicles.

Anticoagulant Effects of Arginine-Containing Peptide Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro under Conditions of Immobilization Stress

Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet effects of RPGP peptide were found in animals under stress conditions caused by single or repeated immobilization. The observed properties of the peptide extend the study of agents protecting the organism under conditions of hypercoagulation occurring under stress conditions and help to re-evaluate the role of glyprolines as contributors to the maintenance of adaptation capacities in various pathologies.

Adaptogenic properties of polyprenols isolated from fir greenery in a rat-immobilization stress model

The adaptogenic effect of polyprenols isolated from fir greenery was studied. It was established that a single oral administration of polyprenols at a dose of 0.25 mL/100 g in male rats (140 – 150 g) under conditions of immobilization stress prevented significantly involution of the thymic-lymphatic system and hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and reduced the content of ascorbic acid and cholesterol. In addition, there was a decrease in the level of stress-activated lipid peroxidation processes and normalization of the functioning of antioxidant and NO-ergic systems of liver hepatocytes.

Use of Terahertz Irradiation at the Frequencies of Nitric Oxide for Correction of the Antioxidant Properties of the Blood and Lipid Peroxidation in Stress

The effects of terahertz irradiation at the frequencies of the molecular spectrum of nitric oxide emission and absorption on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and the antioxidant properties of the blood were studied in white rats in conditions of immobilization stress. Terahertz irradiation at 150.176–150.664 GHz was found to produce complete normalization of lipid peroxidation processes and the functional activity of antioxidants on the background of stress in white rats.

Effect of Terahertz Electromagnetic Irradiation at Nitric Oxide Frequencies on Concentration of Nitrites in Blood Serum of Albino Rats under Conditions of Immobilization Stress

The terahertz electromagnetic irradiation at NO emission and absorption spectrum frequencies elevated the concentration of nitrites in blood serum of albino rats subjected to acute immobilization stress.

Comparative studies of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects of glyprolines Gly-Pro and Gly-Pro-Arg in conditions of immobilization stress

It has been shown that proline-containing peptides Gly-Pro and Gly-Pro-Arg in vitro had anticoagulant and nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity. It was established that after intranasal introduction of these peptides to a rat, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of enzymatic and nonenzymatic nature increased in the rat blood. The peptide protective effect against hypercoagulation induced by immobilization stress was found after repeated intranasal introduction of each peptide into the animal.

Apoptosis of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in stress mice at different stages of ontogenesis

The aim of the present work was to identify the role of cycloferon in the apoptosis of cells in the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus in young and old mice in conditions of immobilization stress. Apoptotic cells were identified by staining with ethidium bromide. The optical density of the detection product of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was also studied in cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. Cycloferon was found to decrease the level of apoptosis in the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus via a Bcl-2-independent pathway. Administration of cycloferon before stress had no effect on the number of apoptotic cells, except in the PVN of old mice, where apoptosis was inhibited.

Structural Changes in the Nucleus Ambiguus of the Medulla Oblongata and Intracardiac Ganglia in Growing Rats in Immobilization Stress

The aim of the present work was to study qualitative and quantitative measures of histological changes in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) of the medulla oblongata and the cardiac autonomic ganglia (CAG) in growing animals in conditions of immobilization stress of different durations. Experiments were performed on 56 mongrel white rats aged 30 days. Immobilization stress was produced by placing rats in a special apparatus with a controllable internal volume for 3, 7, 15, and 30 days. The NA and CAG were studied on paraffin sections using neurohistological methods and quantitative analysis. Morphological and morphometric changes, consisting of a delay in the growth of neurocyte cell and nucleus volumes, as compared with controls, were seen both in the NA of the medulla oblongata and the CAG and were evaluated as impairments in the histogenesis of nerve tissue during postnatal ontogenesis. The extent of structural changes in these components of the autonomous nervous system was directly dependent on the duration of the experimental treatment.

One of the Pathways of Transmission of Afferent Activity to the Locus Coeruleus Under Conditions of Immobilization Stress

An electrophysiological proof has been obtained for the morphological data on the existence of afferent inputs from the medullary nucl. praepositus hypoglossi (NPH) to the brainstem locus coeruleus. The crucial role of the NPH in the formation of background spike activity of neurons of the locus coeruleus under conditions of short-term immobilization stress has been demonstrated.

Involvement of thrombin in activation of heparin secretion by mast cells in immobilization stress in rats

Activation of heparin secretion by connective tissue mast cells under conditions of immobilization stress is determined by activation of the sympathoadrenal system, secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and possible generation of thrombin. Generation of thrombin in the blood under these conditions is confirmed by a significant drop in the proenzyme protein C concentration by 23%, a decrease in the activity of factor V (substrate of protein C) by 36%, and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time by 40%. It is shown that 30-min immobilization leads to a 3-fold depletion of the heparin pool in mast cells. Intravenous injection of hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, before immobilization slightly diminishes the stimulating effect of stress on heparin secretion. These data suggest that apart from catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone, thrombin generated in the bloodstream during stress also markedly contributes to activation of heparin secretion by mast cells.

Adrenergic regulation of interleukin production by bone marrow cells under conditions of immobilization stress

Adrenergic regulation of interleukin production by bone marrow cells under conditions of immobilization stress