State Of Imbalance Research Articles

Dysbiosis of oral microbiome persists after dental treatment-induced remission of periodontal disease and dental caries.

Oral diseases, such as periodontal disease and dental caries, have a high risk of recurrence and are considered to be related to dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and metabolome. It is, therefore, important to understand the state of the oral microbiome and metabolome after disease treatment to prevent recurrence. The current study sought to clarify whether oral dysbiosis improves the following remission of symptoms by dental treatment. To this end, the salivary microbiome and metabolome of healthy participants were compared to those with periodontal disease, dental caries, or both (concurrent). Saliva was collected as mouth-rinsed water and the microbiome was measured using 16S rRNA gene targeted sequencing and metabolome using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Comparisons with healthy participants were performed before and after treatment, and several months after transition to self-care. Dental treatment significantly improved the oral health condition of each group; several months after treatment, oral health did not deteriorate. However, even after remission, the salivary microbiome of the two groups (oral disease and healthy) differed significantly. Additionally, after remission, significant differences, compared with healthy participants, remained in the relative abundances of disease-related bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria. After remission, significant differences were observed in the salivary metabolome in the healthy group in terms of threonate and pyrimidine metabolism-related component concentrations, which are assumed to reflect the high relative abundance of periodontal disease-related bacteria in the microbiome. Oral microbiome dysbiosis persisted even after dental treatment-induced disease remission with a sustained increased risk of disease when compared with healthy participants. IMPORTANCE We characterized the oral conditions, salivary microbiome, and metabolome after dental treatment by investigating the state after treatment completion and transition to self-care. Dental treatment improved oral health conditions, resulting in oral disease remission; however, the imbalanced state of the salivary microbiome continued even after remission. Although the results of this study are preliminary, owing to the small number of participants in each group when compared to larger cohort studies, they indicate that the risk of disease may remain higher than that of healthy participants, thereby demonstrating the importance of removing dental plaque containing disease-related bacteria using appropriate care even after treatment completion. We also identified bacterial species with relative abundances that differed from those of healthy participants even after remission of symptoms, which may indicate that the maturation of certain bacterial species must be controlled to improve the oral microbiome and reduce the risk of disease recurrence.

The concept of interethnic security of the region (on the example of Tatarstan)

When there is a social and economic disadvantage in the region, the consciousness of the subject begins to look for the image of the enemy, which more often focuses on representatives of national diasporas. Interethnic tensions are growing. The distance between ethnophores and ethnoses increases to complete mutual rejection in their area. In an aggravated situation, social security. The paper puts forward the concept of interethnic security based on minimizing threats perceived by the ethnos as a problem. An indicator of unstable security is an increase intension. Subjectively, security is expressed in the absence of fear of external threats [1]. Its predictors include: numerical and status imbalance of ethnic groups; their hyperidentificity; unemployment of the population; its low education; intolerance. The listed socio-psychological constructs are observed visually and recorded by the corresponding markers of individual and mass behavior. The purpose of theoretical and empirical research is to distinguish between manifestations of anomalies of ethnic identity and to resist extremist actions provoking interethnic and interfaith conflicts. An empirical study of the interethnic distancing of three peoples Russians, Tatars and Chuvash who make up 96 % of the region's population was conducted. The representative sample included 946 people. Based on an array of empirical data, general and individual estimated ranges of ethnic groups' distance were calculated. Predictors of increasing interethnic tension in the region they make up a structural pentabasis. Exceeding the acceptable for an ethnic group norms of any of them causes alatent murmur of ethnophores. Exceeding the norms of the two signals about the increase in protest. In case of three or more in any combination mass disobedience is possible, threatening security.

Ecophysiological responses of Glycine max L. under single and combined cadmium and salinity stresses.

Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) and degradation by salinity are likely to become one of the most important problems hindering food production and human health. However, their combined effect on crops is still ambiguous. A hydroponic study was made to investigate the separate and combined exposure of 100 µM Cd and 150 µM NaCl on soybeans (Glycine max L.) growth, photosynthetic pigment, and antioxidant systems for 7 days. Both Cd and NaCl, applied separately decreased the seedlings growth, chlorophyll contents and caused oxidative stress. However, the toxic effects of salinity applied alone were more pronounced. Interestingly, combined exposure of Cd and NaCl induced higher decreases in all growth parameters and lipid peroxidation than single exposure suggesting synergistic effects. The results implicate that the phytotoxicity of both stressors can be associated with redox status imbalance. Our finding may provide insight into the physiological mechanisms of heavy metal exposure and salinity stress tolerance in soybeans and suggest that saline stress changes the effects of Cd toxicity on crops in Cd-salt-polluted soils.

The Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Urban Sustainability Based on the SDGs in Yangtze River Delta, China

At present, most developing countries need to improve the quality of the built environment by means of large-scale infrastructure construction, thereby promoting rapid urbanization. The quality of the built environment (QU) and its environmental pressure (PU) have become our primary focus to achieve a globally acknowledged vision of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we proposed an overall workflow by combining the proven urban sustainability (SU) assessment tool with the evaluation process and the analysis of the spatiotemporal dimension to investigate the urban characteristics of the 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Our results showed an upward trend of urban sustainability from 2010 to 2018, but there are still 19 cities with unsustainable urbanization processes. The megalopolis is rapidly progressing toward an imbalanced state. Specifically, the urban sustainability of the southern region performs better than the northern region, coastal cities perform better than the inland cities, and the regional peripheral cities perform better than the inner cities. Across the 41 cities in the delta, five different relational trends between QU and PU have been found to predict their future development. The results of this research will help decision-makers to coordinate the future development of regional integration between cities and to target the alleviation of the adverse chain reaction brought about by the situation of imbalance or further improving urban sustainability.

Assessment of drought resistance in plants of the genus Aristolochia L.

The examination of plant resistance to drought is becoming increasingly relevant due to global warming. All species of the genus Aristolochia L. possess high decorative qualities and play an important role in natural ecosystems. However, under conditions of temperature imbalance, their ornamental value may decrease due to leaf turgor loss and even leaf shedding. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the results of studies on the drought resistance assessment of Aristolochia L. plant species to identify the most promising taxa suitable for cultivation in the city of Kyiv. The study was conducted in 2022 on three species of vines: Aristolochia macrophylla Lam., A. tomentosa Sims., A. manshuriensis Kom., which grow in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv). The study presented results on leaf hydration parameters, water deficit, water-holding capacity of leaves, electrical conductivity, and specific leaf area conducted in the Plant Physiology and Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Horticulture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Field assessment of Aristolochia L. plant drought resistance was also conducted. It was established that Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. is the most drought-resistant species, exhibiting low transpiration rates and high water-holding capacity. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims. it is the least drought-resistant species, which therefore needs additional care. In field conditions, significant signs of wilting were not observed, indicating that leaves reduce turgor during the day and recover at night. It is also important to preserve the environment in which these plants grow, as its changes affect the drought tolerance and life cycle of lianas. The results of the drought resistance research on Aristolochia L. plants point to the potential of these species. They can be used for selecting plant assortments for creating various types of plantations in urban environments

Thermal properties of structurally balanced systems on classical random graphs

The dynamics of social relations and the possibility of reaching the state of structural balance (Heider balance) under the influence of the temperature modeling the social noise level are discussed for interacting actors occupying nodes of classical random graphs. Depending on the graph density D, either a smooth crossover or a first-order phase transition from a balanced to an imbalanced state of the system is observed with an increase in the thermal noise level. The minimal graph density Dmin for which the first-order phase transition can be observed decreases with the system size N as Dmin∝N−0.58(1). For graph densities D>Dmin, the reduced critical temperature Tc⋆=Tc/Tc(D=1) increases with the graph density as Tc⋆∝D1.719(6) independently of the system size N.

Effects of the real-life metal(oid)s mixture on female reproductive function: Less is different

The current study aimed to examine the effect of toxic metal(oid) mixtures (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni)) on female reproductive function in Wistar rats after the 28- and 90-day exposure to dose levels calculated on the basis of the previously conducted human study. Experimental groups included: 2 controls (28- and 90-day), treated groups - doses based on: median– F2 (28) and F2(90) and 95th percentile concentrations in the general human population – F3(28) and F3(90); calculated lower Benchmark dose confidence limit (BMDL) for effects on hormone levels – F1(28) and F1(90) and a group given the doses calculated on the basis of the reference values from the literature (F4(28)). Blood and ovarian samples were collected for sex hormones and ovary redox status analysis. After 28-day exposure, changes were present both in prooxidants and antioxidants. However, after the 90-day exposure redox status imbalance was majorly caused by the disturbance of antioxidants. Changes in some parameters were observed even after exposure to the lowest doses. After 28-day exposure, the strongest dose-response relationship was found between hormones: LH and FSH and toxic metal(oid)s and, after 90-day exposure, between investigated redox status parameters: sulfhydryl groups, ischemia-modified albumin and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and toxic metal(oid)s. Low obtained BMDLs and narrow Benchmark intervals for toxic metal(oid)s and some of the parameters might confirm the “no-threshold” paradigm. This study indicates possible detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to real-life mixtures of toxic metal(oid) on female reproductive function.

Chelation Therapy Associated with Antioxidant Supplementation Can Decrease Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Results.

An imbalance of oxy-inflammation status has been involved in axonal damage and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an antioxidant treatment (calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetracetic acid-EDTA) chelation therapy associated with a micronutrient complex in MS patients. A total of 20 MS patients and 20 healthy subjects, enrolled as a control group (CTR), were recruited. We measured the plasma ROS production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by a direct assessment using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance; activities of the antioxidant system (thiols' redox status and enzymes); and the urinary presence of biomarkers of oxidative stress by immunoenzymatic assays. We also evaluated the levels of inflammation by plasmatic cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) and assessed the sICAM levels, as well as the nitric oxide (NO) catabolism and transthyretin (TTR) concentration. Comparing CTR and MS, in the latter ROS production, oxidative damage, inflammatory biomarkers, and NO metabolite concentrations results were significantly higher, while TAC was significantly lower. Treatment in MS induced significant (p < 0.05) down-regulating of pro-inflammatory sICAM1, TNF-α, IL6, as well as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage production. The protective effect exhibited may occur by decreasing ROS production and increasing antioxidant capacity, turning into a more reduced thiols' status.

Subacute exposure to Roundup® changes steroidogenesis and gene expression of the glutathione-glutaredoxin system in rat ovaries: Implications for ovarian toxicity of this glyphosate-based herbicide

Studies have indicated that glyphosate induces endocrine disruption and may adversely affect the male reproductive system. However, evidence of its effects on ovarian function is poorly understood so far, making further studies necessary on the mechanisms of the glyphosate toxicity in the female reproductive system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a subacute exposure (28 days) to the glyphosate-based formulation Roundup® (1.05, 10.5 and 105 μg/kg b.w. of glyphosate) on steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, systems involved in cell redox control and histopathological parameters in rat ovaries. Hence we quantify plasma estradiol and progesterone by chemiluminescence; non-protein thiol levels, TBARS, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity by spectrophotometry; gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and redox systems by real-time PCR; and ovarian follicles by optical microscopy. Our results demonstrated that oral exposure increased progesterone levels and the mRNA expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis revealed a decrease in the number of primary follicles and an increase in the number of corpus luteum in rats exposed to Roundup®. An imbalance of the oxidative status was also evidenced by decreasing the catalase activity at all groups exposed to the herbicide. Increased lipid peroxidation and gene expression of glutarredoxin and decreased of glutathione reductase were also observed. Our results indicate that Roundup® causes endocrine disruption of hormones related to female fertility and reproduction and changes the oxidative status by altering antioxidant activity, inducing lipid peroxidation, as well as changing the gene expression of the glutathione-glutarredoxin system in rat ovaries.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dyshomeostasis in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens with wooden breast myopathy

The incidence of wooden breast (WB) meat of commercial broiler chicken has been increasing in recent years. Histological examination found that the occurrence of WB myopathy was accompanied by the pectoralis major (PM) muscle damage. So far, the potential mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the damage of WB-affected PM muscle caused by changes in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial redox status and Ca2+ homeostasis. A total of 80 market-age Arbor Acres male broiler chickens were sampled and categorized into control (CON) and WB groups based on the evaluation of myopathic lesions. PM muscle samples were collected (n=8 in each group) for histopathological evaluation and biochemical analyses. Ultrastructural examination and histopathological changes suggested the occurrence of PM muscle damage in broiler chickens with WB myopathy. The WB group showed an increased level of reactive oxygen species and enhanced antioxidant capacities in mitochondria of PM muscle. These changes were related to impaired mitochondria morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, abnormal expressions of Ca2+ channels led to substantial Ca2+ loss in SR and cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload, as well as Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria, resulting in Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in PM muscle of broiler chickens with WB myopathy. Combined, these findings indicate that WB myopathy is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial redox status imbalance and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, leading to WB-affected PM muscle damage.

Pathway-level multi-omics analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of long-term tacrolimus exposure

Tacrolimus (TAC)-based treatment is associated with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this toxicity have not been fully explored. This study elucidated the molecular processes underlying the toxic effects of TAC using an integrative omics approach. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks of daily oral TAC administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The liver and kidney underwent genome-wide gene expression profiling and untargeted metabolomics assays. Molecular alterations were identified using individual data profiling modalities and further characterized by pathway-level transcriptomics-metabolomics integration analysis. Metabolic disturbances were mainly related to an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant status, as well as in lipid and amino acid metabolism in the liver and kidney. Gene expression profiles also indicated profound molecular alterations, including in genes associated with a dysregulated immune response, proinflammatory signals, and programmed cell death in the liver and kidney. Joint-pathway analysis indicated that the toxicity of TAC was associated with DNA synthesis disruption, oxidative stress, and cell membrane permeabilization, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our pathway-level integration of transcriptome and metabolome and conventional analyses of individual omics profiles, provided a more comprehensive picture of the molecular changes resulting from TAC toxicity. This study also serves as a valuable resource for subsequent investigations aiming to understand the mechanism underlying the molecular toxicology of TAC.

Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Status Markers with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in 40-to-45-Year-Old Females: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Oxidative stress and sterile inflammation play roles in the induction and maintenance of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study cohort included 170 females aged 40 to 45 years who were categorized according to the presentation of MetS components (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and elevated systolic blood pressure) as controls not presenting a single component (n = 43), those with pre-MetS displaying one to two components (n = 70), and females manifesting MetS, e.g., ≥3 components (n = 53). We analyzed the trends of seventeen oxidative and nine inflammatory status markers across three clinical categories. A multivariate regression of selected oxidative status and inflammatory markers on the components of MetS was performed. Markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and advanced-glycation-end-products-associated fluorescence of plasma) were similar across the groups. Healthy controls displayed lower uricemia and higher bilirubinemia than females with MetS; and lower leukocyte counts, concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukine-6, and higher levels of carotenoids/lipids and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products than those with pre-MetS and MetS. In multivariate regression models, levels of C-reactive protein, uric acid, and interleukine-6 were consistently associated with MetS components, although the impacts of single markers differed. Our data suggest that a proinflammatory imbalance precedes the manifestation of MetS, while an imbalance of oxidative status accompanies overt MetS. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether determining markers beyond traditional ones could help improve the prognosis of subjects at an early stage of MetS.

Transport Characteristics of Silicon Multi-Quantum-Dot Transistor Analyzed by Means of Experimental Parametrization Based on Single-Hole Tunneling Model.

The transport characteristics of a gate-all-around Si multiple-quantum-dot (QD) transistor were studied by means of experimental parametrization using theoretical models. The device was fabricated by using the e-beam lithographically patterned Si nanowire channel, in which the ultrasmall QDs were self-created along the Si nanowire due to its volumetric undulation. Owing to the large quantum-level spacings of the self-formed ultrasmall QDs, the device clearly exhibited both Coulomb blockade oscillation (CBO) and negative differential conductance (NDC) characteristics at room temperature. Furthermore, it was also observed that both CBO and NDC could evolve along the extended blockade region within wide gate and drain bias voltage ranges. By analyzing the experimental device parameters using the simple theoretical single-hole-tunneling models, the fabricated QD transistor was confirmed as comprising the double-dot system. Consequently, based on the analytical energy-band diagram, we found that the formation of ultrasmall QDs with imbalanced energetic natures (i.e., imbalanced quantum energy states and their imbalanced capacitive-coupling strengths between the two dots) could lead to effective CBO/NDC evolution in wide bias voltage ranges.

Carbon Emissions and National Sustainable Development Goals Coupling Coordination Degree Study from a Global Perspective: Characteristics, Heterogeneity, and Spatial Effects

While the environmental issues resulting from carbon emissions are widely recognized by the public, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether controlling carbon emissions will have an impact on social development at the national level. In this study, we used panel data from 166 countries worldwide from 2005 to 2020 to construct coupled coordination models, panel regression models, and spatial Durbin models to assess the impact of carbon emissions on the coupled coordinated development of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in different countries around the world. This study is the first to investigate the features, heterogeneity, and spatial effects of carbon emissions on the SDG coupling coordination degree. We found that: (1) Globally, the SDG coupling coordination degree was generally low from 2005 to 2020. Despite the slow improvement in the global SDG coupling coordination degree over the past 16 years, it has always been in a barely imbalanced transitional development state. At the same time, there was a phenomenon of “high-income &gt; high–middle-income &gt; low–middle-income &gt; low-income” difference in the SDG coupling coordination development level among countries of different income types. (2) Carbon emissions have a significant promoting effect on the SDG coupling coordination degree for low-income and low–middle-income countries while having a significant inhibitory effect on the SDG coupling coordination degree for high–middle-income and high-income countries. In addition, the impact of carbon emissions on the SDG coupling coordination degree also exhibits regional heterogeneity. (3) Carbon emissions have a significant spatial spillover effect on the SDG coupling coordination degree, with a positive promoting effect on the SDG coupling coordination degree in one’s own country and a significant inhibitory effect on the SDG coupling coordination degrees of neighboring countries. Our research can help decision-makers develop targeted carbon reduction plans to avoid social development losses caused by controlling carbon emissions in a crude manner. Our research findings provide crucial evidence for the formulation of international policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, in order to avoid the inequities that may result from the adoption of extreme carbon reduction policies.

Benzophenone-3 causes oxidative stress in the brain and impairs aversive memory in adult zebrafish

Oxybenzone (BP-3) is an ultraviolet (UV) filter widely used in industries that is directly or indirectly released into the aquatic environment. However, little is known about its effects on brain performance. Here, we investigated whether BP-3 exposure affects the redox imbalance in zebrafish and how they respond to a task that requires memory of an aversive situation. Fish were exposed to BP-3 10 and 50 μg L−1 for 15 days and then tested using an associative learning protocol with electric shock as a stimulus. Brains were extracted for reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and qPCR analysis of antioxidant enzyme genes. ROS production increased for exposed animals, and catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase 2 (sod 2) were upregulated. Furthermore, learning and memory were reduced in zebrafish exposed to BP-3. These results suggested that BP-3 may lead to a redox status imbalance, causing impaired cognition and reinforcing the need to replace the toxic UV filters with filters that minimize environmental effects.

Junction of the redox dynamic, orchestra of signaling, and altered metabolism in regulation of T- cell lymphoma.

T-cell lymphoma is a hematologic neoplasm derived from the lymphoid lineage. It belongs to a diverse group of malignant disorders, mostly affecting the young population worldwide, that vary with respect to molecular features as well as genetic and clinical complexities. Cancer cells rewire the cellular metabolism, persuading it to meet new demands of growth and proliferation. Furthermore, the metabolic alterations and heterogeneity are aberrantly driven in cancer by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors, including the tumor microenvironment. New insight into cancer metabolism highlights the importance of nutrient supply to tumor development and therapeutic responses. Importantly, oxidative stress due to an imbalance in the redox status of reactive species via exogenous and/or endogenous factors is closely related to multiple aspects of cancer. This alters the signaling pathways governed through the multiple intracellular signal transduction and transcription factors, leading to tumor progression. These oncogenic signaling molecules are regulated through different redox sensors, including nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), phase-II antioxidant enzyme, and NQO1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase (1). The existing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-cell lymphoma regulation through the cross-talk of redox sensors under the influence of metabolic vulnerability is not well explored. This review highlights the role of the redox dynamics, orchestra of signaling, and genetic regulation involved in T-cell lymphoma progression in addition to the challenges to their etiology, treatment, and clinical response in light of recent updates.

Dietary Dityrosine Induces Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial-Lipid Imbalance in Mouse Liver via MiR-144-3p-Mediated Downregulation of Nrf2.

Dityrosine (DT) is a protein oxidation marker present in many high-protein foods, such as dairy and meat products. Chronic dietary intake of DT induces oxidative stress damage in the liver and impairs energy metabolism. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of DT on disrupted hepatic energy metabolism. The study investigates hepatic lipid accumulation, redox status imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism disorders in 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice after 35 days of DT (420 µgkg-1 body weight) treatment. Transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR in HepG2 cells show that DT mainly acted via miR-144-3p. miR-144-3p targets immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and decreases the fumaric acid level in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby decreasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and antioxidant activity. Administration of lycopene, a strong antioxidant, alleviates DT-induced damage in mice, confirming the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in DT-induced abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING EVIDENTIAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ISSUES OF CONTINUITY IN SECTORAL BALANCE

The article provides an analytical review of modern international practices in the development and practical implementation of an evidence-based approach in public administration. A brief description of the evidence-based approach, prerequisites, as well as the first (pioneer) practices of applying its elements to achieve sustainable development goals and leveling barriers in socially significant areas is given. The cases formed to date on the implementation of evidence-based public policy in a number of developed countries are considered. It is suggested that, given the accumulated international experience, there is a possibility of using evidence-based public policy tools for the purposes of sectoral balancing. Confirmation of this hypothesis is carried out through the prism of the industry. The Russian Federation is cited as a recipient country, as one of the largest world powers, the industrial sector of which, like in many other countries of the world, is in conditions of uncertainty and episodic imbalance. It is indicated that in view of the constantly changing conditions for the functioning of industrial enterprises, it is important to constantly evaluate the effectiveness and, as a result, adjust the measures of state support for industrial enterprises in order to maintain the "health" of the entire sector. It is postulated that for a long period of time in many countries of the world, in particular in Russia, there was a “rational-intuitive” approach to public administration, which is inappropriate in the new reality. The possibility of replacing this approach with an evidence-based approach is considered, examples of successful practices in the application of evidence-based policy tools in the field of public administration are presented, in particular, in the context of evaluation (audit) measures of the results obtained; special attention is paid to the approach adopted in the UK. The alternatives of their use for further improvement of state support for industrial enterprises that are forced to conduct their activities in conditions of uncertainty are specified.

Dosage balance acts as a time-dependent selective barrier to subfunctionalization

BackgroundGene duplication is an important process for genome expansion, sometimes allowing for new gene functions to develop. Duplicate genes can be retained through multiple processes, either for intermediate periods of time through processes such as dosage balance, or over extended periods of time through processes such as subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization.ResultsHere, we built upon an existing subfunctionalization Markov model by incorporating dosage balance to describe the interplay between subfunctionalization and dosage balance to explore selective pressures on duplicate copies. Our model incorporates dosage balance using a biophysical framework that penalizes the fitness of genetic states with stoichiometrically imbalanced proteins. These imbalanced states cause increased concentrations of exposed hydrophobic surface areas, which cause deleterious mis-interactions. We draw comparison between our Subfunctionalization + Dosage-Balance Model (Sub + Dos) and the previous Subfunctionalization-Only (Sub-Only) Model. This comparison includes how the retention probabilities change over time, dependent upon the effective population size and the selective cost associated with spurious interaction of dosage-imbalanced partners. We show comparison between Sub-Only and Sub + Dos models for both whole-genome duplication and small-scale duplication events.ConclusionThese comparisons show that following whole-genome duplication, dosage balance serves as a time-dependent selective barrier to the subfunctionalization process, by causing an overall delay but ultimately leading to a larger portion of the genome retained through subfunctionalization. This higher percentage of the genome that is ultimately retained is caused by the alternative competing process, nonfunctionalization, being selectively blocked to a greater extent. In small-scale duplication, the reverse pattern is seen, where dosage balance drives faster rates of subfunctionalization, but ultimately leads to a smaller portion of the genome retained as duplicates. This faster rate of subfunctionalization is because the dosage balance of interacting gene products is negatively affected immediately after duplication and the loss of a duplicate restores the stoichiometric balance. Our findings provide support that the subfunctionalization of genes that are susceptible to dosage balance effects, such as proteins involved in complexes, is not a purely neutral process. With stronger selection against stoichiometrically imbalanced gene partners, the rates of subfunctionalization and nonfunctionalization slow; however, this ultimately leads to a greater proportion of subfunctionalized gene pairs.

An Imbalance-Status-Enabled Autonomous Global Power-Sharing Scheme for Solid-State Transformer Interconnected Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

This paper proposes a novel imbalance-status (IS)-enabled autonomous global power-sharing scheme for a solid-state transformer (SST) interconnected hybrid AC / DC microgrid system. Firstly, the proposed scheme globally estimates instantaneous active power imbalances according to the existing droop regulation characteristics of each sub-microgrid, and normalizes these imbalances by introducing the definition of IS. Next, three novel IS-enabled controllers are designed for the SST’s three core converters, to autonomously share the power imbalances in the entire system. Then, the control parameters of the proposed scheme are optimized through small-signal analysis. The control effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed scheme in realizing global power-sharing function are verified by controller hardware-in-loop experiments in RT-LAB platform.