Conditions Of Emergency Situations Research Articles

RESILIENCE OF EU HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

The article highlights the critical role of health­care system resilience in responding effectively to public health crises, with a particular emphasis on financing, effectiveness, and preparedness. It delves into a comparative analysis of healthcare costs and system effectiveness in several EU countries, revealing that higher expenditure doesnʼt always equate to greater resilience. The article also highlights the lack of investment in preventing measures, even in econo­mically developed countries, resulting in minimal improvements in healthcare system resilience. It has been noted that there is no correlation between strict government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare system effectiveness. The importance of synergy between government epidemic control actions and healthcare system resilience is emphasized. The key factors that influenced healthcare system resilience during the pandemic, including proactive prepa­redness, resource allocation, data analytics capabi­lities, communication, public trust, and adaptive policies have been identified in the research. To enhance healthcare system resilience, it is recom­mended to focus on financial resilience, healthcare personnel resilience, and health infrastructure resilience. Strategies to achieve this include effective governance, flexible financing, resource availability, and adaptable service delivery. The multifaceted nature of healthcare system resilience and the need for a comprehensive approach to its provision in the conditions of emergency situations in the field of healthcare are emphasized. The authorsʼ analysis reveals a complex interplay of factors that contribute to healthcare system resilience, which can be used by government officials as a roadmap for strengthening the healthcare systems in the context of future challenges.

Expanding the functionality of IoT devices in conditions of emergency situations

The article is devoted to the expansion of functional devices of the Internet of Things (IoT) in order to increase the safety of the population in emergency situations, in particular in the context of natural disasters and military threats. After analyzing the latest research and publications, a conclusion was made about the relevance of the development of IoT technologies in the context of modern challenges for the safety of citizens. Special emphasis is placed on the use of innovative approaches to solving public safety problems, particularly for persons with disabilities, such as the hearing impaired or the elderly. The article describes the implementation of software in the Python programming language to visually display the status of a missile threat or artillery fire using Yeelight smart lamps, which use colored light to convey information about the presence or absence of danger messages. The proposed solutions include synchronous operation of devices in real time, connection to reliable sources of messages and provision of stable communication between devices and the server. The project demonstrated an innovative approach to solving security problems in crisis situations, in particular martial law, promoting a quick and accurate response to valuable threats and protecting the population.

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC RISK TOLERANCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The article proves that the creation of a mechanism for ensuring stability in the implementation of innovative strategies, according to the authors, should be based on the use of such a systemic characteristic of the enterprise as risk resistance, which depends on special disturbing influences caused by a high level of environmental instability and the specificity of cyclical innovation processes; in the context of enterprise or situation management, it characterizes the ability of the management apparatus to adequately respond to the threats of risk factors in view of internal vulnerabilities, using reserved resources for the purpose of normal business operations; creates for the enterprise conditions for purposeful functioning and implementation of innovative projects under the conditions of emergency situations. The definition of sustainable innovative development was given, a comparative analysis of the categories "economic risk" and "economic risk resistance" was carried out. The dual role of risk resistance in the enterprise management system consists in the fact that, on the one hand, risk resistance creates conditions for purposeful functioning and development, affects integral performance results, and on the other hand, it is determined by the complex of interactions of the enterprise with higher-level systems, internal and external factors that can become risk factors in conditions of an economic crisis and an unstable environment. It is proposed to consider the concept of risk tolerance as a system characteristic of the enterprise in the context of interrelationships between the categories of risk, sustainability and development. The role of economic risk tolerance in the system of managing the development of a manufacturing enterprise is determined. It is proved that the category "economic risk" is inextricably linked with the goals of the enterprise, linking the goals of activity and the economic resources used to achieve these goals (resource losses) of various types and actual results. It was determined that the development of the innovative development management mechanism is related to the determination of the parameters of the controlled system and the standardization of their levels. Of course, the main controlled parameter can be the level of risk tolerance, which indirectly characterizes the value of system negentropy. Therefore, the sustainability of the enterprise during the implementation of innovative strategies is related to maintaining the level of risk tolerance. Its value in relation to certain types of resources and potential components is the basis of managing the economic situation, as it affects the choice of managerial influences.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК РЕЖИМІВ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ У СФЕРІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The process of carrying out tasks by the forces of the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU) in the sphere of state security, namely, the protection of public order and the fight against crime, has a versatile, multifaceted nature. At the same time, the environment in which these tasks are performed is often unpredictable and unpredictable in its development. In accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, a state system of civil defense was created to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations, in which the NGU is a part of the forces. Modes of functioning of NGUs in the sphere of state security, in particular, management bodies should be considered from the point of view of the occurrence of all emergency situations in accordance with the defined classification in the state. Depending on the scale and characteristics of emergency situations that are predicted or have arisen, the following modes of operation may be established for the management bodies of NGU at all levels: the mode of everyday operation, the mode of heightened readiness, the mode of operation under conditions of emergency situations, the mode of operation under conditions of a state of emergency, the mode of operation under martial law. The main factors that influence the activities of the NGU forces are described. In each mode, special additional tasks are assigned to the NGU as part of the group of security forces and defense forces. On the basis of the defined modes of operation of the NGU, it becomes possible to give a detailed description of the management modes. On the basis of the above, the article substantiates the NGU activity modes’ characteristics in the sphere of state security.

Економічна ризикостійкість як основа механізму управління інноваційним розвитком підприємства

The article proves that the creation of a mechanism for ensuring stability in the implementation of innovative strategies, according to the authors, should be based on the use of such a systemic characteristic of the enterprise as risk resistance, which depends on special disturbing influences caused by a high level of environmental instability and the specificity of cyclical innovation processes; in the context of enterprise or situation management, it characterizes the ability of the management apparatus to adequately respond to the threats of risk factors in view of internal vulnerabilities, using reserved resources for the purpose of normal business operations; creates for the enterprise conditions for purposeful functioning and implementation of innovative projects under the conditions of emergency situations. The definition of sustainable innovative development was given, a comparative analysis of the categories "economic risk" and "economic risk resistance" was carried out. The dual role of risk resistance in the enterprise management system consists in the fact that, on the one hand, risk resistance creates conditions for purposeful functioning and development, affects integral performance results, and on the other hand, it is determined by the complex of interactions of the enterprise with higher-level systems, internal and external factors that can become risk factors in conditions of an economic crisis and an unstable environment. It is proposed to consider the concept of risk tolerance as a system characteristic of the enterprise in the context of interrelationships between the categories of risk, sustainability and development. The role of economic risk tolerance in the system of managing the development of a manufacturing enterprise is determined. It is proved that the category "economic risk" is inextricably linked with the goals of the enterprise, linking the goals of activity and the economic resources used to achieve these goals (resource losses) of various types and actual results. It was determined that the development of the innovative development management mechanism is related to the determination of the parameters of the controlled system and the standardization of their levels. Of course, the main controlled parameter can be the level of risk tolerance, which indirectly characterizes the value of system negentropy. Therefore, the sustainability of the enterprise during the implementation of innovative strategies is related to maintaining the level of risk tolerance. Its value in relation to certain types of resources and potential components is the basis of managing the economic situation, as it affects the choice of managerial influences.

On the organization of the educational process in the conditions of emergency situations

The article discusses the issues of organizing the educational process in conditions of unforeseen freelance influences, such as accidents, terrorist acts, military or interethnic conflicts, fires, drought, epidemiological situation, etc. It is shown that in a market economy, educational institutions — both state and private ones — reoriented themselves from the planned training of specialists to the customer’s demand for educational services. A new demand-oriented approach to the organization of the educational process is proposed, in which the educational process is presented in the form of a chain “seller — product — consumer”. It is shown that from the point of view of the consumer, the safety and efficiency of educational services are among the important requirements in the face of unforeseen freelance influences. A new structural model of the educational system is proposed, which implies the interaction of two subsystems — the educational infrastructure and the educational process. It is shown that the structural reliability of the educational system is an important indicator for ensuring the psychological and physical safety of participants in the educational process. A new mathematical model based on graphs and hypernets is proposed, which takes into account the mapping of the educational process into the educational infrastructure. The concept of “survivability of the educational system” is introduced as the ability of continuous functioning of this system under the influence of various external destabilizing factors. The task of organizing the educational process in emergency situations from the point of view of the consumer is set as the task of building a hypernet of minimum cost and specified reliability.

Tendencies in the propagation of fires and ammunition explosions at fixed storage facilities

Aim. To suggest an approach to identifying the common features of statistical series containing information on the time, place and external conditions of the development and propagation of emergency situations associated with fires and ammunition explosions at fixed storage facilities, to synthesize the function of partial risk indicator of such situations, i.e., the energy susceptibility to external effects of ammunition storage systems. Methods. The paper uses methods of mathematical analysis of statistical series and probability theory. For the first time ever, individual external conditions of emergency situations involving ammunition are analysed using statistical series (rate of insolation). Results. The paper has collected and classified statistical data on emergencies involving fires and explosions in ammunition storage facilities that took place in the current century in a number of countries of the world, whose emergency nature was confirmed by extensive media coverage. Using statistical series analysis, an exponential relationship has been established between the rate of fires and explosions and the total power saturation of the ammunition storage system. Conclusions. The frequency of emergencies involving fires and explosions depends on the overall power saturation of the storage system that is defined by the solar intensity in the area of the ammunition storage facility that depends on its latitude and season. The suggested approach allows, by analysing empirical data on the time and place of emergencies, identifying the specific survivability values of a hazardous storage facility characterizing the energy susceptibility of the system to the effects that trigger explosions and fires.

Проблемы маршрутизации при медицинской эвакуации пострадавших в чрезвычайных ситуациях: результаты SWOT-анализа решений ситуационных задач в условиях городского населенного пункта. Сообщение 1

The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the decisions of specialists of regional Services for disaster medicine (SMK) of the country on the application of routing principles during medical evacuation and to identify ways to improve the quality and effectiveness of medical evacuation measures (LEM) under various conditions of emergency situations with a large number of victims. Materials and methods of research. The research is based on 85 solutions to actual problems "100 victims" with different structure of the lesions according to their location and severity, with different proportion of adults and children and different locations of emergency with the use of technology case method (Case study) and SWOT analysis of medical evacuation events in liquidation health impacts of various emergency situations. The results of the study and their analysis. Medical specialists who took part in solving situational tasks-cases, and experts of the Staff of the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine (VSMK) identified a fairly large number of factors that affect the quality of medical evacuation measures in emergencies, which, in relation to SWOT analysis, can be structured into "internal"- strong and weak, and "external" – increasing the possibility of quality medical evacuation measures or increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. The analysis of the factors identified, in relation to the conduct of medical evacuations in the event of an emergency in the city, suburban area and in a remote area – more than 50 km from the city - revealed the strengths and weaknesses of each option: - when conducting medical evacuation in the city - the prevalence of strong "internal" sides and the presence of certain risks; - when conducting medical evacuation in the event of an emergency in a suburban area – similar positions, but with a number of differences that affect the routing; - when an emergency occurs in a remote area – a large number of weak "internal" factors and "external" risks are compensated by the available opportunities. In all cases of emergency, a weighted score of factors was carried out. As a result of the SWOT analysis, the goal was achieved – the directions of improving medical evacuation measures for the development of a strategy for "breakthrough", "development", "defense" and "containment" in each case of an emergency were identified.

Medical and pedagogical training of population for actions in emergency situations

The subject of this research is the system of measures for scientific substantiation of medical and pedagogical training of population for actions in emergency situations. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the scientific substantiation of measures of medical and pedagogical training of population aimed at the development of rational behavior in emergency situations. Attention is focused on the need for elaboration of questions for ensuring active and appropriate behavior of people affected in order to preserve their own lives and health. Readiness of the person depends on their ability to prepare for rational actions under the aggravated external circumstances. Research methodology leans on the determination theory of medicine, which serves as a platform for studying multiple vectors of emergency medicine. The scientific novelty of this work consists in substantiation of the medical-pedagogical approach as the basis of a complex of preventive measures for increasing capacity of life support in the context of factors of extreme determination. Such training is complies with methodology of rendering medical assistance to the population in the conditions of emergency situations; and is a part of such measures as conduct of special tactical trainings (preparation of equipment and gear; simulation of the flow of suffered and injured, skill training on rendering aid; examination of reliability of the shelter, effective interaction with different services, etc).

Analysis of sanitary and irretrievable losses depending on the nature and conditions of emergency situations on the railway

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is determined by the importance of rail transport in Russia for supporting a diversified economy and implementing socially important services for transportation of goods, baggage and passengers. A system of rapid response and medical assistance to victims in large-scale emergencies on the railway also exists due to large numbers of victims and remoteness of emergency areas from large settlements.Intention. To develop an algorithm for predicting irretrievable and sanitary losses depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the 200 most significant railway accidents in the world from 1960 to 2018. Using statistical procedures, the determinants of the number of victims were assessed.Results and discussion. The average data, the dispersion of the number of victims in emergency situations on the railway were determined depending on the nature of accidents. The factors influencing the number of sanitary and irretrievable losses are identified. A predictive algorithm to determine the number of victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents. The structure of injuries in victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents is described.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study will help in making decisions on the elimination of emergency situations on the railway.

Специфіка формування системи державного управління природно-техногенною безпекою

The problem of protecting people and territories from disasters of different directions is very relevant and concerns the fundamental foundations of economic security. At the beginning of the XXI century. global threats have already become complex, which manifests itself in: the interdependence of natural, man-made, political, economic, social, environmental and scientific and technical risks; in emergency situations; in exacerbating the old and the emergence of new non-traditional types of hazards. Complexity of modern threats has led to the search for such a way of civilization development, which, without destroying its natural basis, provides humanity with the possibility of survival and further continuous development. An important feature of the concept of sustainable development is that in it the problem of civilization development is closely intertwined with the problem of the formation of security systems, both globally and nationally. As a rule, important public decisions in certain spheres of public life are taken without regard to the need for security in other areas. This situation is due, first of all, to inadequate understanding of the role and place of the latter in the development process. The article substantiates the necessity of forming an effective system of state management of natural and man-made safety and defines its goals. The basic principles of formation and effective functioning of the system of state management of natural and technological safety in the conditions of emergency situations are analyzed. The study determined that the purpose of the operation of the SU of the PTB is to prevent natural and man-made disasters and accidents, timely adoption of measures for the localization and liquidation of the consequences of natural and man-made disasters, and the rational use of the resources of the system for the provision of the PTB. It is substantiated that the ecologically-technogenic system is a certain way organized society, objects of the economy, technosphere, as well as natural-territorial ecosystems that form a single structural and functional whole. Structural subsystems according to their spatial and other parameters correspond to administrative-economic territorial formations and can be of different levels and scales - from national to object.

Development of communication models of wireless environment in emergency situations

Two-point communication model of the wireless environment with one-beam and multi-beam propagation of radio waves were developed. The specified models make it possible to create various particular two-point communication models of wireless environment, taking into account the assigned geometry of location of shadowing and scattering structures in the environment. The practical use of the proposed models is limited to arbitrary points of radiation and reception in the environment, taking into account location of directional aerials in them. To study known multipoint technologies under conditions of emergency situations, we developed the multipoint communication models with one-beam and multibeam propagation of radio waves from each radiation point to each reception point, predetermined by the presence of shadowing and scattering structures in the environment. The developed multipoint models make it possible to create specific models at the physical level for various multi-aerial technologies, taking into consideration the use of aerial arrays of arbitrary configuration at the transmitting and receiving sides. Verification of the developed communication models of the wireless environment was performed. It was found that the use of directional aerials at the transmitting and receiving sides of the wireless environment in the presence of considerable shadowing and scattering structures makes it possible to significantly improve noise immunity. It is noted that with the use of the developed communication models, it is possible to carry out in-depth examination of the physical level with a view to developing a reliable and stable architecture of communications under conditions of emergency situations.

Adaptation at combined (cold and painful) influence in experiment

In experiment on rats males of the line Vistar regularities of adaptation are considered at combined (cold – swimming in water at a temperature +7oС with the lead sinker (10% of body weight) attached to a root of a tail and painful – introduction under a plantar aponeurosis of 2% of solution of formalin) influence. It is established that cold influence reduces adaptive abilities of an organism and quicker leads to disadaptation. Painful influence stimulates ability to adaptation, but negatively influences resources of vegetative regulation. Course introduction of a korteksin (10 injections) leads to improvement of indicators of physical working capacity (lengthening of time of swimming), regulation of a warm rhythm and normalization of indicators of stressful reaction. Korteksin, as we know, leads to activation of fermental system of neurons and neurotrophic factors of a brain; optimizes balance of a metabolism of exciting and brake amino acids: glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, gamma аминомасляной acids, improves bioelectric activity of a brain, prevents education of free radicals (products of lipid peroxidation). Besides, such action of a korteksin allows to understand more precisely features of dynamics and formation of processes of adaptation, a readaptation and disadaptation. Thus, use of a korteksin in the conditions of emergency situations can become important help in increase of physical working capacity, endurance and a survival of animals and, apparently, the person.

SOME FEATURES OF ACTIVITY OF AUTHORITIES IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EVENTS IN THE CITY OF KRYMSK ON JULY 6, 2012)

The author considers some features of activity of the authorities in conditions of emergency situations (on the example of events, which took place in the city of Krymsk on July 6, 2012).

Информирование населения при аварии на химически опасном объекте: результаты системно-динамического моделирования

The results of modeling of people’s actions in the accident conditions allowing to determine the rational frequency for
 messages mailing and to estimate an informing contribution to protective measures realization of are given in this paper.
 These results are the basis for recommendations on population informing in the conditions of emergency situations.

Морфологические аспекты радиопротекции в эксперименте

The problem of modification of the effects of ionizing radiation in morphological manifestations of authorities at different speeds update is relevant direction in recent years. The authors considered as modifiers - hypoxic gas mixture, normobaric oxygen and electromagnetic radiation. They are in certain conditions associated with ionizing radiation, as in the conditions of emergency situations, and in normal mode. The development of pathological process after exposure and outcome depend on the overall resistance and state systems of adaptation. Identify the most effective mechanisms of mobilization of protective forces and the restoration of the functional reserves of the organism as a whole, is a prospective task of modern radiobiology. Based on the study of literature data and the results of their research the authors concluded that the degree of modification was dependent on the sequence of application of modifiers and doses of ionizing radiation; the radioprotective effect was in direct correlation with tissue facilities body. The radioprotective effect was revealed by during previous combined and joint use of modified gas environment with high and low oxygen content and electromagnetic radiation. The authors believe that the use of these modifiers is promising in the field of safety.

(A291) Medico-Physiological Support to Rescuers of Emercom of Russia at Accomplishing their Professional Activity

Extreme professional working conditions of EMERCOM rescuers have a harmful effect to their health leading to high rate of digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases. The morbidity frequency of these diseases at rescuers is higher, beyond all doubts, than at male population of the corresponding age, and it is connected with total years of occupational work and its intensity. This fact shows the necessity of establishing the system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia which must be seen as a significant part of their social protection and rehabilitation and must include six main components, i.e. consideration of conditions and character of activity in everyday and emergency situations; complex evaluation and monitoring of their health state; medical support during rescue work in emergency situations; psychological support; information and analytical maintenance of longstanding monitoring; development of hospital base and specialized medical assistance. An important component of the system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia is information and analytical maintenance of longstanding monitoring of professional load, health state and medico-social protection of the rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia. It was implemented by creating a Medical register of EMERCOM of Russia. We developed concepts, principals and organization methodical ground of multilevel system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia regarding their work in conditions of emergency situations. On the basis of professional work load studies, hygienic evaluation of work hardness and intensity, analysis of rescue work of State fire fighting services divisions of EMERCOM of Russia there were detected main stress factors, physiological and hygienic distinctive features of work.