Conditions Of Emergency Research Articles

ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ЩОДО ОЦІНКИ РИЗИКІВ УРАЖЕННЯ РЯТУВАЛЬНИКІВ ПІД ЧАС РОЗБОРУ ЗАВАЛІВ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ В УМОВАХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ДІЙ

Purpose. Improving the safety of rescuers during the performance of assigned tasks by determining the risks of injury and choosing directions for injury prevention. Methodology. The work used a complex research method, which includes an analysis of literary sources, a review of accidents in the units of the State Emergency Service, and an assessment of the risks of injury to rescuers. Results. As a result of the review of literary sources, the possibilities of risk assessment during the performance of tasks as assigned have been analyzed. It was decided to assess the risks of injury to personnel as a result of multiplying the probability of an event by its consequence. An assessment of the risks of injury to rescuers during the dismantling of the rubble of building structures has been carried out using a risk assessment matrix. The result of the identification of hazards, assessment of the probability and severity of the consequences is a quantitative assessment of the risk of occurrence of dangerous events during the liquidation of the consequences of the collapse of building structures, demolition of rubble. Indicators of risk assessment for certain types of hazards, which are more than a certain value, require a review of the existing ones and the adoption of additional measures to reduce injuries. The method of risk assessment, which consists of determining the zone of damage to people, is more informative when performing tasks as assigned by rescuers, which is the direction of further research. Risk assessment information can be used by unit managers and rescue managers to make decisions about the use of measures and means of reducing the impact of hazards on personnel. Scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that for the first time, for the conditions of emergency and rescue operations, an assessment of the risks of injury to rescuers has been carried out using a risk matrix. Practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the principles and approaches to the assessment of the risks of injury to rescuers during emergency rescue operations and the development of measures to reduce injuries.

THE IDEAS OF CURRENT MANAGEMENT

Under conditions of uncertainty, unpredictability, non-standard, emergency, and crisi situations, today's information and innovation economy systematically confronts fundamentally new issues and difficulties in the hunt for fresh, unique means to solve them

The Use of Marijuana for Medical Purposes: Between Normativity and the Principle of Islamic Law perspective

The limited availability of drugs for rare diseases makes some people use various ways to get treatment. One of them is using marijuana as medicine. In Islam, marijuana is not written directly in the texts, but it can be studied with Islamic legal principles in determining its ruling. Therefore, this paper aims to review the use of marijuana for medical needs from the point of view of the principle of Islamic law “al-ḥukmu yadûru ma’a al-'illah wujûdan wa’ adaman” (the law revolving around the cause for issuing it, whether it is present or absent). This study is library research sourced from the Islamic Jurisprudence references, then analyzed by the inductive method. The research results indicate that marijuana as a treatment is relatively new, and Islamic jurisprudence does not explicitly explain its legal use. Moreover, its use for health services is prohibited in the Narcotics Law. Marijuana in Islam is known to have an intoxicating cause that makes it haram (prohibited). The principle of Islamic law, “al-ḥukmu yadûru ma’a al-'illah wujûdan wa’ adaman” (the law revolving around the cause for issuing it, whether it is present or absent), serves as an excellent guide to know when a law applies and when it is suspended. If there is a cause (‘illah), then there is a law; if there is no cause (‘illah), there is no law. However, the reason (‘illah) with marijuana is a type of common cause (al-'illah al-muta’addiyah) where the branches of law (far’u al-ḥukm) follow the original law. Therefore, the use of medical marijuana is still illegal. Islam allows treatment with forbidden materials (haram) only in emergencies following the terms and conditions of emergency (dharuriyat) in Islam.
 
 Keywords: Marijuana, Medical, the principle of Islamic law “al-ḥukmu yadūru ma’a al-'illah wujūdan wa’ adaman” (the law revolving around the cause for issuing it, whether it is present or absent)

REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S COMMODITY MARKETS IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY AND MARTIAL LAW

The economy can function both under normal and extraordinary conditions, which include states of emergency and martial law. Emergency conditions arise from time to time and can be both relatively short and sufficiently long. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law can include overcoming the pandemic and repelling armed aggression. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law requires special methods of state regulation, including on commodity markets. The purpose of the article is to determine methodical approaches to the formation of regulatory policy on commodity markets under conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to determine the peculiarities of the regulation of commodity markets in conditions of emergency and martial law; 2) assess the effectiveness of regulatory influence; and 3) substantiate recommendations for improvement of regulatory policy. Various methods of sampling and statistical processing of information were used during the research. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection were used for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the methods of price regulation and increasing supply in commodity markets of consumer goods. One of the main features of the functioning of the economy in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law is the disruption of the usual supply chains of goods. There is a commodity shortage in the markets, which accelerates the growth of prices. Therefore, the main task of regulatory policy in commodity markets is to encourage supply and curb inflation. To this end, during 2020-2022, a set of measures was introduced: the procedure for starting a business was simplified, the tax burden was reduced, pricing was deregulated, exports were limited, barriers to imports were lowered, a declaration of intent to increase prices was introduced, price limits were established, etc. As a result of the conducted research, it was found: 1) high efficiency of influence on the price dynamics on the part of export restrictions and tax benefits; 2) low effectiveness of the declaration of the intention to increase the price; 3) relatively high efficiency of setting ceiling prices during a pandemic and low efficiency of this measure under martial law; 3) high expediency of introducing free prices on the markets of goods of significant social importance with high competition between suppliers; 4) great importance of the competition between suppliers to overcome shortages and price stability. In order to improve the regulatory policy in the conditions of emergency and martial law, the following recommendations have been substantiated: 1) canceling the price limits in highly competitive markets; 2) simplifying the procedure for declaring the intention to increase the price and strengthening control over its implementation; 3) creating strategic stocks of goods of significant social importance in the event of a state of emergency and war.

Strategic Health Care Management: Challenges and Realities of Emergencies

The article is devoted to strategic management system improvement in the sphere of health care in conditions of emergencies by the example of Ukraine. Pandemic conditions and military actions substantiate the relevance of the research. The study aims to improve the system of health care system’s strategic management in emergencies. The research’s novelty is proposing a new model of interaction between emergency response bodies. An analysis of foreign experience, scientific literature, and normative regulation was carried out to find problem solutions. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction allow to find weaknesses of strategic management and offer ways of liquidation. The study results show the current state of strategic management in healthcare by systematizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and conducting a SWOT analysis. As a result, weaknesses of the system are identified, and directions for their elimination are proposed. For this purpose, it is necessary to change the work of the Cabinet of Ministers and Health Service with the Emergency Services. The practical value of the research consists in the possibility of application of its results in forming new, more effective strategic aims of public health system development in the case of military operations.

SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Ambulance Surfaces and Effectiveness of Routine Decontamination Procedure: A Classic Hygiene Lesson for A Novel Pathogen.

The efficacy of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the decontamination of ambulances against SARS-CoV-2 has been debated. In Italy, the differential use of ambulances was implemented by regional health authorities, with selected vehicles being used exclusively for transporting COVID-19 patients. We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces in ambulances to assess contamination dynamics and the effectiveness of decontamination SOPs. Four high-touch surfaces were sampled before and after decontamination (T0; T1). The gloves of the EMS crew chief were also sampled. RNA extraction was performed with a commercial kit, followed by RT-qPCR molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 11 transports were considered. Seven transports had at least one positive sample; all were related to a COVID-19 patient. Three of the negative transports had dealt with COVID-19 case, and one had dealt with a COVID-19-negative patient. One door handle and one oxygen knob were positive at T0, with negative T1 swabs. The monitors were positive in 5 transports at T0, yet they were never positive at T1. Three stretcher handles tested positive at T0, and two of them also at T1, possibly having bypassed decontamination during personnel dismounting. Gloves were contaminated in five transports, in which 1 to 3 additional samples (monitor, knob, stretcher) resulted as positive. Overall, the efficacy of decontamination SOPs was confirmed under the unprecedented conditions of the COVID-19 emergency. However, the importance of correct hand-hygiene and glove-disposal should be further emphasized through the dedicated training of EMS personnel.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТОВАРНИХ РИНКІВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НАДЗВИЧАЙНОГО І ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The economy can function both under normal and extraordinary conditions, which include states of emergency and martial law. Emergency conditions arise from time to time and can be both relatively short and sufficiently long. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law can include overcoming the pandemic and repelling armed aggression. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law requires special methods of state regulation, including on commodity markets. The purpose of the article is to determine methodical approaches to the formation of regulatory policy on commodity markets under conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to determine the peculiarities of the regulation of commodity markets in conditions of emergency and martial law; 2) assess the effectiveness of regulatory influence; and 3) substantiate recommendations for improvement of regulatory policy. Various methods of sampling and statistical processing of information were used during the research. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection were used for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the methods of price regulation and increasing supply in commodity markets of consumer goods. One of the main features of the functioning of the economy in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law is the disruption of the usual supply chains of goods. There is a commodity shortage in the markets, which accelerates the growth of prices. Therefore, the main task of regulatory policy in commodity markets is to encourage supply and curb inflation. To this end, during 2020-2022, a set of measures was introduced: the procedure for starting a business was simplified, the tax burden was reduced, pricing was deregulated, exports were limited, barriers to imports were lowered, a declaration of intent to increase prices was introduced, price limits were established, etc. As a result of the conducted research, it was found: 1) high efficiency of influence on the price dynamics on the part of export restrictions and tax benefits; 2) low effectiveness of the declaration of the intention to increase the price; 3) relatively high efficiency of setting ceiling prices during a pandemic and low efficiency of this measure under martial law; 3) high expediency of introducing free prices on the markets of goods of significant social importance with high competition between suppliers; 4) great importance of the competition between suppliers to overcome shortages and price stability. In order to improve the regulatory policy in the conditions of emergency and martial law, the following recommendations have been substantiated: 1) canceling the price limits in highly competitive markets; 2) simplifying the procedure for declaring the intention to increase the price and strengthening control over its implementation; 3) creating strategic stocks of goods of significant social importance in the event of a state of emergency and war.

On the role of the information policy of the state in the information society

The research topic is aimed at analyzing the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the formation and implementation of information policy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept and content of the term "information policy", as well as the presence of this concept in the normative acts regulating the issues of domestic and foreign policy of Kazakhstan. The aim is also to analyze the problems caused by insufficient attention to the issues of modern information policy as an important component of national security. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it substantiates the need to develop and implement the concept of information policy of Kazakhstan, where special attention should be paid to the issues of interaction between state bodies and the population of Kazakhstan in the conditions of military and emergency. The research methods used were the method of systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts of Kazakhstan, as well as the method of comparative analysis of legislation and practice of Kazakhstan with issues of domestic and foreign policy of other countries. The results of the study should include a recommendation on the need to develop a conceptual document on the information impact and interaction of the state with citizens in order to ensure the protection of the national interests of the country. Keywords: information policy; state information policy, national security, public administration.

COVID-19: Pathophysiology, Transmission, and Drug Development for Therapeutic Treatment and Vaccination Strategies.

COVID-19, a dreaded and highly contagious pandemic, is flagrantly known for its rapid prevalence across the world. Till date, none of the treatments are distinctly accessible for this life-threatening disease. Under the prevailing conditions of a medical emergency, one creative strategy for the identification of novel and potential antiviral agents gaining momentum in research institutions and progressively being leveraged by pharmaceutical companies is target-based drug repositioning/repurposing. Continuous monitoring and recording of results offer anticipation that this strategy may help to reveal new medications for viral infections. This review recapitulates the neoteric illation of COVID-19, its genomic dispensation, molecular evolution via phylogenetic assessment, drug targets, the most frequently worldwide used repurposed drugs and their therapeutic applications, and a recent update on vaccine management strategies. The available data from solidarity trials exposed that the treatment with several known drugs, viz. lopinavir-ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, etc. had displayed various antagonistic effects along with no impactful result in the diminution of mortality rate. The drugs, like remdesivir, favipiravir, and ribavirin, have proved to be quite safer therapeutic options for treatment against COVID-19. Similarly, dexamethasone, convalescent plasma therapy and oral administration of 2DG are expected to reduce the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.

Ukrainian Migration Crisis Caused by the War

The open Russian military invasion of Ukraine supported by Belarus launched in February 2022 has changed the usual state of affairs and caused the economic, humanitarian, and migration crises. Several millions of Ukrainian people had to move to safer regions of the country, and a significant share of them (mostly women, children, and elderly people) have left abroad in search of safer living conditions, which has become the worst migration crisis since the World War II. Many Ukrainian citizens have been forced to move to Russia. Poland hosts the largest number of Ukrainian citizens among the EU countries (about 60% of all refugees), much less left for Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Germany. Almost every European country helps Ukraine in some way or another, hosting its residents and providing asylum. The aim of this article is to investigate the tendencies and changes of forced migration in Ukraine in the conditions of war. The collective protection of displaced persons allows immediate assistance to many people in conditions of emergencies and reduces pressure on the system of asylum provision authorities. This decision provides the right to Ukrainians to live, work, and receive assistance in the EU countries avoiding the lingering process of asylum application submission and long waiting for the respective decision. The article highlights the comparison of standards for providing temporary protection of displaced persons in the EU countries that have accepted most of them. Certainly, the situation with the mass movement of people or leaving abroad will have negative consequences for Ukraine. The return of forcibly displaced from Ukraine will depend on what way of legal stay abroad they choose (status of “forced” tourist, refugee, or temporary protection). Moreover, the duration of hostilities and effi ciency and complexity of actions taken by state and local authorities to implement economic and social reforms will have much effect. The article offers various development scenarios for Ukraine and ways and incentives for returning Ukrainian citizens to their Motherland.

Dharurah and the Realization of Maqashid Sharia: Analysis of the Implementation of Islamic Legal Maxims on Emergency

Contemporary issues and phenomenon that occur in society experience development from time to time. References and arguments in the Qur'an and sunnah sometimes do not explain the law on the issue specifically. Excavation of the law by using qawa’id fiqhiyyah which has been formulated by the scholars is important. Especially in conditions of emergency and compulsion that require in-depth studies to establish laws on issues that provide a certain level of difficulty for humans. This study aims to review the concept of emergency in the perspective of fiqh by examining its correlation to the achievement of maqashid syariah by focusing on the application of qawa’id fiqhiyyah related to emergency. This research is a qualitative research using a literature study approach by doing literature review on Islamic legal maxim, maqashid sharia, and dharurah. The results of this study indicate that dharurah is a condition that positions humans in a condition of being forced to do something that is forbidden or to leave something that is obligatory. Islamic law provides rukhshah for the difficulties experienced by humans as a guarantee to realize maqashid syariah. Legal determination of the waivers granted is carried out by referring to the arguments of the Qur'an, sunnah and ijma' as well as by applying qawa’id fiqhiyyah related to emergencies.

Факторы профессионального риска и последствия психической дезадаптации у медицинских специалистов и спасателей при чрезвычайных ситуациях: современное состояние проблемы

The purpose of the study is to analyze modern domestic and foreign publications, devoted to the study of factors of professional risk and consequences of mental disadaptation in rescuers and medical workers in emergency situations. Materials and research methods. The publications’ analysis was performed using the PubMed database, electronic scientific library eLIBRARY.RU, open access statistical reporting data, as well as official websites of relevant scientific journals. Combinations of specific terms related to emergency services, post-traumatic stress disorder, mental maladaptation and professional risk factors of extreme professions, including medical ones, were used. Results of the study and their analysis. While performing their service duties, rescuers and medical workers, acting in conditions of emergency with numerous human and material losses, being exposed to the threat to their own life, health or psycho-emotional condition, face a variety of critical incidents. As the number of lived traumatic situations and events increases, individuals involved in rescue operations are at higher risk of developing the pathology known as post-traumatic stress disorder. Throughout the relevant scientific literature, there is a consensus that health care workers in emergencies are at increased risk for high-level stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, addiction, and PTSD, which can have long-term psychological consequences. The specialists developed and implemented new methods and approaches to support medical specialists participating in the liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies; substantiated the need for normative legal regulation of psychophysiological examination of personnel during periodic medical examinations, which will allow to maintain “health of the healthy”.

Relative Human Rights in the Context of Special Legal Regimes

The article examines the human rights that may be limited in conditions of emergency and martial law, which is relevant in modern conditions, based on the presence of local military conflicts, states of emergency or the possibility of their existence in many countries. The purpose of the work is to clarify the main features of different types of human rights that are subject to restrictions in special legal situations, highlight the specific violations by public authorities and local governments in the application of certain types of restrictions. To achieve this goal, the work uses a system of methods of scientific knowledge, including general, private, and special legal. The practical value of the study lies in the implementation of classifications of human rights on the criterion of the possibility of their restriction in the context of special legal regimes. Thus, during the operation of special legal regimes, the following human and civil rights may be temporarily restricted: the right to liberty and security of person, the right to housing, the right to privacy, the right to private and family life, freedom of movement, freedom of thought, freedom to freely express one's views and beliefs, the right to participate in referendums, the right to vote and to be elected, the right to peaceful assembly, the right to property, the right to work and freedom of entrepreneurial activity, the right to education, the right to personal data protection. It is concluded that in the conditions of special legal regimes there is a large number of human rights, which are relations, not absolute, and may be limited by the state and its bodies, local authorities. However, in order for such restrictions to be lawful, consistent with the rule of law, and recognized as admissible, they must meet certain criteria: they must be provided for by law; should not affect the basic content of the law; must be dimensional to the goal (principle of proportionality); be carried out for lawful purposes, the list of which is exhaustive and not subject to expansion

An optimization method of multi-objective evacuation path for off-site emergency under severe nuclear accidents

The emergency evacuation path planning measures of nuclear power plants can quickly protect the people from orderly evacuation and effectively prevent the effects of radiation. This paper proposes a multi-objective evacuation path optimization method for off-site emergency evacuation under severe nuclear accidents. This method combines the atmospheric dispersion model, the improved ant colony algorithm and the road resistance model to solve the evacuation path with the least travel time and radiation dose, and introduces the cancer risk probability caused by radiation into the evaluation process. The radiation environment generated by the Monte Carlo method and the hypothetical nuclear accident situation of HPR1000 were respectively optimized for the evacuation path planning under the conditions of nuclear emergency. The results show that the method can obtain multiple reasonable evacuation paths, and can effectively provide decision support for the early emergency response to nuclear accidents, and choose different focused plans.

Global health, accelerated: Rapid diagnostics and the fragile solidarities of ‘emergency R&D’

A new paradigm of emergency R&D has transformed global health. Beginning with the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa, experimental product development has been propelled to the frontlines of outbreak response, radically compressing timelines and unsettling regulatory standards, biosecurity strategies and humanitarian protocols. This paper examines these emerging epistemic practices and ethical norms as they played out in the creation of rapid diagnostic tests for Ebola, Zika and COVID-19. In each of these viral public health crises, new platforms for quick detection have been the principal load-bearing pillar of outbreak response, and the effort to speed up their development illuminates the fragile set of accommodations between public health needs and commercial interests that obtain under conditions of emergency. The World Health Organization’s role in stimulating and coordinating the development of these tools provides our analytical through-line, and reveals, we argue, the limitations of an accelerationist model of global health innovation organized around the concept of ‘market failure’. The evolution of this paradigm of ‘emergency R&D’ into a permanent feature of pandemic preparedness will further narrow our imagination of how global health goods should be construed and provided.

The difficulties facing kindergartens in Jerusalem under the Corona pandemic and possible solutions from the point of view of teachers: الصعوبات التي تواجه رياض الأطفال في القدس في ظل جائحة كورونا والحلول الممكنة من وجهة نظر المعلمات

This study was conducted in order to assess the facing difficulties preschools/ kindergartens in Jerusalem during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as investigating the possible solutions to alleviate the impacts of this pandemic from the perspective of the teachers. The study population is a randomly selected sample of 238 (female) kindergarten teachers in Jerusalem; among whom 120 are from private kindergartens and 118 from government preschools. The researcher applies the descriptive research methodology for being the most appropriate for the nature of the study. The research on the difficulties facing kindergartens in Jerusalem during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that challenges related to parents scored the highest rate with an arithmetic mean of 3.73; which is a high assessment. The second highest score was “related to difficulties the teacher, with an arithmetic mean of 3.38, which is average. The third score was “difficulties related to the kindergarten” with an arithmetic mean of 2.56, which is low. While the least scoring was “challenges related to distance learning” with an arithmetic of 2.55, which is low. With regard to the “possible solutions to alleviate the impacts of this pandemic from the perspective of the teachers”, the research results scored an arithmetic mean of 2.58, which is also a low assessment. The results also showed: There were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the means of kindergarten teachers’ responses on challenges faced by kindergarten teachers in Jerusalem during the pandemic that are attributable to the variable of kindergarten type, the variable of academic qualification, and the variable of experience years. There were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the means of kindergarten teachers’ responses on proposed solutions to control challenges during the pandemic in Jerusalem that are attributable to the variable of kindergarten type, the variable of academic qualification, and the variable of experience years. There was a statically significant relationship at the significance level (α≤0.05) between challenges in kindergartens during the pandemic and solutions to control those challenges from the perspective of teachers. The researcher recommends equipping kindergartens and building teachers’ capacities to similar conditions in the future in order to be able to deal with conditions of emergency.

Context-Dependent Annotation Method in Emergency Monitoring Information Systems

The article presents the method of context-dependent annotations used in solving problems of emergency monitoring on the basis of information systems. The method is based on a spectral language model that allows solving various information search problems taking into account the specific features of the applied area. The functional model of emergency monitoring task in IDEF0 notation is presented. The task of context-dependent annotating operational summaries as a basis for generating preliminary reports is formulated. The main problems that arise in solving this problem on a large volume of initial data and can be critical in conditions of fast-developing emergencies are identified. The problem of context-dependent annotations in the conditions of existing restrictions was set, the main language units used in solving it are described. A flowchart of solving the problem of context-dependent annotating taking into account the specifics of the subject area is presented, and the implementation of each stage of this algorithm is described in detail. Described is a method of determining relevance of a text fragment to a target query based on a spectral language model. Basic assessments of annotation quality are described. A comparative analysis of the quality and speed of constructing annotations manually and on the basis of the presented method using assessory estimates was carried out. The effectiveness of the context-dependent annotation method in processing a large number of documents in conditions of fast-developing emergency situations requiring emergency decision-making is shown.

ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРАЦІ ДЕРЖАВНИХ СЛУЖБОВЦІВ

Under conditions of emergencies, quarantine, martial law, citizens feel an increased need for effective work of civil servants, so the legal framework for civil servants should only contribute to the functioning of the state apparatus to provide basic services to the Ukrainian people. The whole range of public services must be provided to the citizens of Ukraine in a timely and prompt manner, despite the martial law. The scientific article examines current legal issues of labour regulation of civil servants under martial law. Increased attention is paid to the principle of patriotism as fundamental in the current work of civil servants. It is proposed to amend part 1 item 2 of Section II of the General Rules of Ethical Conduct of Civil Servants and Local Government Officials and state it in the following wording: “By their conduct, civil servants and local government officials should strengthen the authority of the civil service and service in local self-government bodies, affirm patriotic sentiments in the course of civil service, as well as the positive reputation of state bodies and local self-government bodies". It is recommended to include in the training programs of civil servants the issue of strict observance of the principle of patriotism among civil servants. With the start of the war, some civil servants left the borders of Ukraine, and many civil servants moved to other relatively safe regions of Ukraine. In many government agencies, the need to replenish human resources has increased. Under such realities, the legislation governing civil service has been innovated. Legislative innovations in the field of civil service are considered, among which special attention is paid to the lack of specialized selection for civil service positions, the potential risks of such innovations and ways to overcome them are outlined. In particular, we consider it necessary to conduct an interview with applicants for a vacant civil service position in several stages; not to refuse special inspections; call previous employers to confirm the facts covered in the characteristics-recommendations from previous jobs. It is proposed to start testing candidates for vacant civil service positions, constructing the test questions in such a way as to "feel" the pro-Ukrainian position of a potential civil servant. It is recommended to give preference in access to the civil service to former employees who resigned by agreement of the parties and have a sincere desire to serve with dignity for the benefit of our state in difficult times for the country.

Малий і середній бізнес: адаптація та державно-приватне партнерство в умовах світових криз

The aim of the study is to form an optimal algorithm of actions for the use of the instrument of public-private partnership in conditions of martial law and emergency. The formed algorithm will provide an opportunity to independently and promptly determine the application of a preferential taxation rate to entrepreneurial entities of small and medium-sized business (hereinafter referred to as the EE SMB). The importance of public-private partnership for EE SMB in a state of emergency through the application of a preferential taxation rate has been determined. The practices of applying a preferential taxation rate is investigated. The taxation systems provided for by the Tax Code of Ukraine for EE SMB, in particular for individual entrepreneurs, are presented. The conditions of different groups of the simplified taxation system are detailed in accordance with the latest changes in legislation. A detailed algorithm of actions for EE SMB on the transition to the application of a preferential rate in accordance with the current legislation has been compiled and substantiated. An example and procedure for filling out a request for the use of simplified taxation system for the application of a 2% preferential rate of a single tax on taxpayer’s income for a month are considered. The peculiarities and conditions for filling out such a request for its successful adoption by the state tax service are detailed. A comparison of the conditions of stay on the simplified taxation system at the rate of 5% and at the rate of 2% for EE SMB under martial law is made. An example of a completed tax return of a single tax payer of the third group for the period of martial law / state of emergency in Ukraine is given. A step-by-step visualization of filling in both the application and the declaration in accordance with the terms of tax legislation is presented. A comparative analysis was carried out on the periods of payment of the single tax at the rate of 5% and at the rate of 2%. The implementation of the algorithm is carried out on the example of an individual entrepreneur on a simplified taxation system, which is a single tax payer, on the basis of the Taxpayer’s Electronic Cabinet as a key software under quarantine restrictions. The mechanism of work with the specified electronic resource is visualized. The article discusses possible directions of work of tax authorities on the terms of public-private partnership under quarantine restrictions and martial law.

Technical support by automated control system for ecological-technological processes of crop growing in conditions of protected ground

The article is dedicated to the study of methods and means of automated system control of ecological and technological processes of plants in protected ground conditions. The key concepts and main directions of the study include: development and substantiation of a conceptual scheme for managing crop cultivation technologies and application of information technologies that take into account the ecological and technological state of the crop production facility. Automated control systems were compared in terms of deterministic and stochastic modes with respect to quality indicators of greenhouse microclimate parameters. The main factors have been characterized for the growth and development of plants in protected ground conditions. A comparative analysis of fully and partially automated systems that control the microclimate in greenhouses has been made. A block scheme was proposed for the control over the technological process, taking into account the automation of plant growing and the results of forecasting the conditions of emergencies. The technical means have been offered for automated control of technological processes of crop production, which allow obtaining the added effect. The ways of improving the automated control system with the help of technical means were outlined for increasing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop in the greenhouse, taking into account the economic efficiency of the planned activities.