Conditions Of Agricultural Enterprises Research Articles

Optimal routes choice for maintenance units moving to service electrical equipment of agricultural facilities

In the conditions of agricultural production, electrical equipment is affected by a large number of unfavorable factors; therefore, the role of its technical operation increases sharply. Maintaining the operational reliability of electrical equipment at the required level is ensured by the timely implementation of their scheduled maintenance and repairs. The implementation of these measures in the conditions of agricultural enterprises is associated with certain difficulties, since electrical equipment is located in a number of areas in agriculture, remote from one another at a considerable distance. Statistical data show that a significant amount of working time is spent on transitions and transfers, which sharply reduce the labor productivity of workers in maintenance units. The article deals with problems of using mathematical programming methods for choosing the optimal routes to transport maintenance units to service electrical equipment. The method for finding the shortest route for moving maintenance units to service electrical equipment of agricultural facilities has been developed.

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP MECHANISM OF CHINESE AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

With the deepening of globalization and the rapid development of world economic integration, there has been a large-scale and far-reaching external activity in the international community. As a rapidly growing developing country, China has gradually integrated into the integration of the world economy, and the external activities of agricultural enterprises have become an important way to implement China's macro strategy and for the development and growth of agricultural enterprises. Although the foundation of agricultural enterprises in China's agricultural enterprises is weak and the time for large-scale external activities is not yet mature, driven by external and internal causes, the overseas investment activities of China's agricultural enterprises have been in a new stage of development and have broad development prospects. At present, the foreign activities of Chinese agricultural enterprises are not mature, and the foreign investment activities are not only faced with constraints from international and domestic environment factors, but also due to the lack of comprehensive ability and conditions of agricultural enterprises, the foreign activities of many Chinese agricultural enterprises have been seriously affected. In this paper analyzes the relationship mechanism of foreign activities of Chinese agricultural enterprises under the background of globalization from the perspective of economy and organization, so as to better promote the sustainable development of foreign activities of Chinese agricultural enterprises.

Technological features of beef production in the conditions of agricultural enterprises of Kherson region

Technological features of beef production in the conditions of agricultural enterprises of Kherson region

Методика расчета звукового давления в проводниках при их идентификации акустическим методом

A promising method of identifying conductors in the conditions of agricultural enterprises is the use of acoustic identification tools that allow it to be carried out without disconnecting electrical receivers from the network, without violating the insulation of the identified conductors. The design of devices for acoustic identification requires the development of a methodology for calculating the sound pressure level in conductors when an acoustic signal is applied to them, depending on such factors as the distance from the identification point to the signal source, the cross section and material of the conductor cores, its insulation material, and the frequency of the signal being supplied. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a methodology for calculating the parameters of the propagation of acoustic signals in conductors when identifying them using acoustic signals. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of existing methods for calculating the acoustic characteristics of solids. The article describes the developed methodology for calculating the parameters of acoustic signal propagation in conductors when identifying them using acoustic signals and tested it using practical tests. (Results and discussion) The main parameter of acoustic signals in conductors when they are identified by acoustic means is the sound pressure level. Authors have developed a method for calculating the sound pressure level in conductors, taking into account such factors as the length of the identified conductor, the frequency of the acoustic signal, the conductor cross-section, the speed of sound waves in conductive cores and insulating materials. The article presents practical experiments to test the applicability of the developed methodology. (Conclusions). To date, acoustic signals are not used to identify conductors, a method for calculating the sound pressure level in conductors has not been developed, taking into account various factors. Authors developed a methodology and performed theoretical calculations of the sound pressure level in the conductors. Based on the results of practical experiments with the use of a control and measuring device, the applicability of the proposed methodology was confirmed.

Causal diagram with positive and negative feedbacks of the grain molasses production process

The development and improvement of unique technologies for the production of feed and feed additives is currently an urgent problem, which is formulated at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation. Such technologies include the production of grain molasses in the conditions of agricultural enterprises from raw materials of their own production. To date, the technology for producing molasses from grain has been developed, but there are very few technical means for its implementation. The question of the operation of such installations remains insufficiently disclosed both from a scientific point of view and from a technical point of view, and requires further research. The paper substantiates the design of the plant for the preparation of molasses from grain on the basis of a mental model. When developing the mental model, the installation was considered as a "black box". For maximum consideration of all factors, a mental model of the pumping unit in dynamics is formed. A cause-and-effect diagram with positive and negative feedback on the selection of the pump for installation is formed. The diagram consists of variables and relationships between them with positive or negative effects. It is revealed that the key elements of the diagram are the electric pump and the dispersant, which provide the movement of the suspension. However, the dispersant is more complex, more expensive to manufacture, and has a lower performance compared to an electric pump. Therefore, it follows from the mental scheme that it is possible to achieve an increase in the productivity of the plant due to its technical improvement, taking into account the demand for molasses and focusing on the company’s profit from the use of this plant.

Feeding Strategy for Lactating Cows When First Milking in the Conditions of Agricultural Enterprises

Feeding Strategy for Lactating Cows When First Milking in the Conditions of Agricultural Enterprises

ПЕРЕОБОРУДОВАНИЕ КУЛЬТИВАТОРА ДЛЯ РАЗБРОСНОГО ПОСЕВА ЗЕРНА ПО СТЕРНЕ

Compared to 1990, the Chuvash Republic's acreage decreased by 25 percent. The gross production of agricultural products is also reduced accordingly. One of the most important ways to maintain the efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet is the modernization of existing equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reequipment of the cultivator into a sowing unit for scattered sowing on stubble, testing it in the field, organizing mass production and applying a patent for its design. (Materials and methods) The article shows the possibility of converting the cultivator into a sowing unit for grain crops of scattered sowing on stubble without tillage from decommissioned agricultural machines in the conditions of agricultural enterprises. (Results and discussion) The main reserve for reducing the cost of crop production is the use of combined tillage and sowing machines, which allow several operations to be performed in one pass of the unit. the standard cultivator paw was upgraded with a stand from the cultivator-deep cultivator KFG-3,6 for scattered seeding. It was proved that the cost of modernization is minimal; a patent was applied. (Conclusions) With the intra-soil spread method of sowing grain crops, one can get the optimal area of plant nutrition by placing them evenly in the soil. Since 22 percent of the sown area in the Middle Volga region is subject to wind and water erosion, the use of resource-saving seeding technologies becomes even more relevant. The method of reequipping the cultivator for sowing grain crops will make it possible to sow acreage that is empty due to a lack of agricultural machinery.

APPLICATION OF MODERN MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS AND ROBOTIC COMPLEXES IN AGRICULTURE

The article discusses the main provisions and the role of mechatronics in production in agriculture. A review of current and promising mechatronic systems for use in agriculture is carried out. It is noted that the use of scientific and technological advances in the field of mechatronics opens up new opportunities for solving multidisciplinary problems, and also makes a person dependent on technical means. The current state and world trends in the application and development of mechatronic systems in the field of agricultural production are investigated. The needs for the use of mechatronic systems and modules in the conditions of agricultural enterprises are analyzed and the problems associated with their implementation and use are identified. The purpose of creating such complexes is to achieve a combination of high productivity and at the same time flexibility of the technical and technological environment due to the possibility of its reconfiguration, which will ensure the competitiveness and high quality of products in world markets. In modern mechatronic systems, to ensure a high quality of implementation of complex and precise movements, it is necessary to apply intelligent control methods. To create intelligent systems, it is necessary to provide flexible interaction of components within the system and with the outside world. Current trends in the use of mechatronic systems and modules in agricultural production are determined. As the scope of application of mechatronic systems expands and international scientific and technical relations expand, it becomes more and more important to actively exchange new production and information technologies between their creators and users, between various groups of consumers and developers (research centers, enterprises of various forms of ownership, universities ). These forms of cooperation are implemented within the framework of international technology transfer. The development of mechatronics as an interdisciplinary scientific and technical field, in addition to obvious technical and technological difficulties, also raises a number of new organizational and economic problems.

Adaptability of the Belarusian model of diagnostics of financial stability to agricultural enterprises

The article considers the current state of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its capabilities. The role of state support for the agro-industrial complex, characterized by high capital intensity, long payback period, low profitability, and dependence on natural and climatic conditions, which makes it less competitive in comparison with other sectors of the economy, and leads to the fact that the activities of agribusiness entities is more exposed to financial risk, is shown. A comparative assessment of the financial stability indicators of agricultural formations of the dairy sector of the Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus and two agricultural producers of the Republic of Kazakhstan with similar production specialization was carried out in order to determine the likelihood of the onset of the financial crisis using statistical multi-choice models. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify promising areas for assessing the financial stability of domestic agricultural enterprises, including on the basis of studying foreign experience in diagnosing the financial crisis, which will allow predicting and developing the right managerial decision aimed at improving the financial condition of agricultural enterprises.

THE NECESSITY FOR DIAGNOSTICS USING IN THE SYSTEM OF ANTICRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

THE NECESSITY FOR DIAGNOSTICS USING IN THE SYSTEM OF ANTICRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

Resource-saving technological process of cleaning the lubrication system of tractor engines from pollution

The issues of cleaning the engine lubrication system from pollution by used engine oils without draining them from the crankcase are considered. It has been established that adding monoethanolamine mixed with isopropanol to the engine oil that worked in the engine allows the resins and oxidation products dissolved in the oil to be enlarged to sizes that are easily removed by cleaning agents built into the lubrication system. It was determined that the subsequent addition of dimethyl sulfoxide and white spirit to the oil gives the oil high cleaning properties. According to the results of comparative tests, it was found that the contamination of engine parts after washing the lubrication system with commercial washing oil is reduced by half. Using the developed washing process allows to reduce the contamination of the main parts by 4 times. Compression in the cylinders after washing the D-240 engine according to the developed method increased from 2 to 2,5 MPa, fuel consumption decreased from 13,9 to 11,3 l/h. The content of insoluble sediment in the oil after washing the engine with the developed method was 0,65 %, while in a special washing oil it was 0,37 %. These facts confirm the high washing properties of the composition. In general, the developed flushing technological process allows, under the conditions of agricul-tural enterprises, to clean the lubrication system and engine parts from pollution without the use of expen-sive flushing oils. Cleaning of engine parts from pollution increases the service life of equipment and reduces the cost of repair and maintenance of worn-out agricultural machinery.

ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article reveals the results of theoretical generalization and suggests proposals to strengthen the level of economic security of agricultural enterprises. It is proved that the determining condition for the effective functioning of the agricultural enterprise is to support its economic security. The authors note that the state creates and regulates the economic conditions of agricultural enterprises. The article presents the author's position on the need to develop a set of measures to strengthen the economic security of agricultural enterprises at the macro and micro levels, timely detection and identification of threats, and the development of measures to address them.

Hinged aggregate for technical maintenance of machines: Modeling, testing and conditions of application

The article shows the relevance of the availability of mobile service tools for maintenance of machines in the conditions of agricultural enterprises. The main purpose of the work is to simulate, test and describe the application conditions of the hinged unit for maintenance of machines. Improvement of maintenance units should be carried out in the direction of improving their environmental safety and reducing costs. The authors offer a small-sized maintenance aggregate, substantiate its functionality, hinged type of execution, the layout algorithm and the condition of economic feasibility of purchasing this service unit by the enterprise. The test results of the experimental unit prove that it satisfies the requirements of safety and ergonomics, while the laboriousness of service works does not exceed the current normative values. Technical and economic calculation shows a reduction in the cost of service operations relative to serial analogues and the expediency of using the aggregate in the conditions of agricultural enterprises of all organizational forms.

Innovative Equipment and Production Method for Mixed Fodder in the Conditions of Agricultural Enterprises

It is recommended to feed the cattle and poultry with grain fodder in the form of feed mixture balanced according to the content. Feeding of grain fodder in the form of stock feed is inefficient and economically unreasonable. The article is devoted to actual problem – the preparation of mixed fodder in the conditions of agricultural enterprises. Review and critical analyses of mixed fodder assemblies and aggregates are given. Structural and technical schemes of small-size mixed fodder aggregate with intensified attachments of vibrating and percussive action for preparation of bulk feed mixture in the conditions of agricultural enterprises were developed. The mixed fodder aggregate for its preparation in the places of direct consumption from own grain fodder production and purchased protein and vitamin supplements is also suggested. Mixed fodder aggregate allows to get prepared mixed fodder of high uniformity at low cost of energy and price of production that is becoming profitable for livestock breeding. Model line-up of suggested mixed fodder aggregate with different productivity both for small and big agricultural enterprises is considered.

Analytical research into the motion of organic mixture components during formation of compost clamps

Effective way of improving the level of plant production is composting. Therefore, it is a relevant task to create energy-saving equipment and related technologies for the production of composts while providing effective fermentation under conditions of agricultural enterprises. However, at present, there are no machines and equipment in Ukraine for composting the organic raw materials. In addition, dependences of relationship between design and kinematic parameters of working bodies of the appropriate machinery and parameters of clamps have not been explored properly. In order to conduct analytical studies into the process of work of a clamp turner, we applied the method of analytical modeling of its operation process. To form the clamps of compost and their aeration, we proposed working bodies in the form of a drum with a radial arrangement of blades. An analytical model of drum with a radial arrangement of blades is proposed. The model makes it possible to establish the character of motion of compost particles depending on geometrical parameters of the drum and the kinematic indicators of performance. We found the absolute flight velocity, initial throwing angle of compost particles and the time of compost particles motion before leaving a blade. Developed analytical model makes it possible to set the parameters for loading and unloading the drum blades within a wide range of values of design and technological parameters. Based on the analysis of the model proposed, it can be argued that in order to control a clamp height, it is necessary to change the kinematic indicators of drum performance. Results of the research reported here theoretically confirmed working ability of the designed equipment; however, it needs to be tested under industrial conditions. Further studies should be conducted in the direction of examining the influence of equipment parameters on the reduction in energy costs in the production of composts.

EDUCATION FOR TRAINING AGRICULTURAL STAFF IN CONCENRNS OF PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

Due to necessity to transfer to new conditions of agricultural enterprises in the context of implementation of the Concept of Food Safety and strategy of import substitution, training of personnel for agricultural enterprises is considered to be the most important condition in transfer and application of professional standards. Therefore, the approaches to personnel policy, dealing with personnel, personnel management and training and adaptation of young specialists are changed. The article considers application of new professional standards in organizations and changing of approaches to staff training in agricultural enterprises. The authors focus on importance of education programs and further training programs in higher and vocational education in accordance with the requirements of Federal State Education Standard and Professional standards. The article defines the procedure of interaction between employers and chiefs of education organizations when they arrange any kind of joint work.

Formalised risk identification and evaluation models application in the conditions of agricultural enterprises

Recently we can mention in the CR a step by step enterprise number increase in the area of production, transport services, services and financial organisations, which practically apply internal departments of controlling or audit into their managerial structures. That is why it is required to dedicate a wider publication space to the information on the role and principles of managerial instruments, which are provided by controlling and Internal Audit for business administration and financial management. The goal is to ensure a higher quality of preparation or response on the still emerging forms of our enterprises co-operation with foreign business subjects and to match step at the level of building and in particularly in effectiveness of business informational systems usage for managerial process (especially for planning and decision making procedures control) in all areas of business functions. Internal controlling instruments application and using results of risks evaluations by internal audit simultaneously contributes to the improvement of level and effectiveness of intra-enterprise monitoring as a modern conception of control usage in business management. Management level increase and increase of management competency are the conditions of ensuring our enterprises competitiveness.