Conditions In Slovakia Research Articles

COMPARISON OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CARROT VARIETIES

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a globally significant root vegetable, rich in bioactive and nutritional compounds. Carrot is a crop with a wide range of phenotypic variability including colour, shape, size, and other characteristics. The aim of this work was to determine and compare selected morphological traits and chemical composition of 24 carrot varieties grown under open field conditions in Slovakia. Altogether, 11 qualitative characteristics and 6 quantitative parameters were evaluated. The carrot roots were also analysed for essential chemical constituents including reducing sugars (fructose, glucose, saccharose), carotenoids, dietary fibre, dry matter, ash, and mineral compounds. A wide range of diversity in morphological characteristics and chemical composition indicates a high variability of studied varieties. The root length ranged from 59 to 205 mm, root diameter varied from 17.7 to 39.0 mm and root weight ranged from 21.0 to 74.8 g. Based on the measurement results, saccharose was the dominant sugar ranging from 1.89 to 4.67 g.100 g-1 of fresh weight, carotenoid content varied from 85.94 to 374.24 µg.g-1 of fresh weight, the amount of dietary fibre ranged from 25.67 to 36.02% of dry matter. Considerable differences were also observed in the content of macro and microelements [mg.100 g-1] ranging as follows: P (17.5 - 52.0), K (110.0 – 337.0), Na (65.9 – 186.0), Fe (0.324 – 3.340), Cu (0.042 – 0.126), Zn (0.152 – 0.945) and Mn (0.062 – 0.189). The presented results can provide useful information for carrot growers and consumers in terms of morphological characteristics as well as the chemical composition of individual carrot varieties.

Interpreters as cultural experts? Asylum practices in Slovakia

Cultural expertise can be a meaningful part of judicial proceedings, including asylum appeals. In countries where it is not yet common, the need to address questions of cultural identity might be communicated indirectly through interpreters. As a result, interpreters implicitly and explicitly respond to co-producing the Other. This paper uses empirical data from long-term ethnographic research on interpreting asylum hearings to trace their institutional conditions in Slovakia and the actors’ approaches to the culturally sensitive aspects of interpretation in these proceedings. The perspectives of asylum applicants, their legal representatives, interpreters and decision-making authorities are analysed through the concepts of sayability and interpretability—the relationship between representations of legal, cultural, and linguistic identities. This article discusses how the research participants’ norms of interpreting, awareness of positionality, and procedural neutrality influence the spoken and written file narrative. Legal terms and administrative jargon are often not translated into plain language, accessible to laypeople. The often unacknowledged misinterpretation also affects the flow of the proceedings. Thus, systemic training of interpreters is essential, particularly public service interpreters who actively shape their informal role as cultural experts. At a time of increased demand for cross-cultural understanding, this article provides new perspectives on exploring the challenges for interpreters as well as other public service professions in relation to the notions ascribed to cultural identities.

Performance Indicators in the Tourism Sector: Comparative Analysis of the Visegrad Group

Dynamic shifts in society accelerate the need to measure performance and use the data to identify promising areas for continuous improvement and eliminate potential risk factors. The process of measuring and analysing performance isn't anymore an essential task of strategic management only from the perspective of individual enterprises but also from the perspective of other subjects. Countries evaluate the performance of various sectors to track and record the economic benefits of industries and calculate shares of industries in the country's gross domestic product and other macroeconomic results. Considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and digital transformation on global economics, the stakeholders understand the need to be aware of potential risks and opportunities in the future. Detailed measuring of industry performance is a driving force for identifying critical factors in economic systems and effective strategic planning. Countries should design and use the correct metrics and performance measurements to achieve desired outcomes. In the tourism sector, the most important performance indicators and results at the country level are presented as a part of Tourism Satellite Accounts. In this paper, we compare the current use of performance indicators in the tourism sector in Visegrad Group countries based on information from national statistical offices and other relevant sources. We investigate the processes of collecting data from economic subjects used to evaluate industry performance. The findings of this research confirm slight differences in using tourism performance indicators among analysed countries and tools used for obtaining required data. Although we identify several shortcomings in the existing conditions in Slovakia, we also formulate practical recommendations based on examples from other analysed countries to improve the current state of measuring industry performance. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the correct use and visual presentation of performance indicators. Our findings can also be applied in other countries to identify the possibilities of better monitoring for taking appropriate strategic actions and measuring the impact of activities to support tourism at the level of individual destinations or regions.

Green facades - Their use in the sponge city

Greenery in the urban environment is slowly disappearing and is being replaced by new construction. This trend has several consequences. One of them is the overheating of the urban climate and the associated increased need for energy for cooling. We are trying to eliminate this negative impact by creating green structures on buildings. As such, greenery brings a number of benefits. It helps to cool buildings, but also the urban climate, through the shading effect of leaves and the evaporation of trapped water. There are a number of studies around the world that investigate green roofs, or green facades. The effect of green leaf area index on cooling by shading and the effect of the distance of the façade from the envelope are investigated. Another influence is the orientation to the cardinal directions and the careful selection of plants. One of the main factors influencing the functionality of green facades is the choice of plants in relation to the climatic conditions in the country. In this article I discuss the adaptation of green facades to the climatic conditions in Slovakia. In Slovakia this issue is minimally studied and green facades occur only sporadically or only seasonally.

Personal and interpersonal competence of to-be translators and interpreters during COVID-19 remote learning (students’ perspective)

Abstract The main focus of the study lies on the challenges, procedures and consequences in personal and interpersonal competence development in university translation and interpreting (T&I) students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reflects the significant change in learning conditions in Slovakia after shifting from campus-based to remote learning throughout the three waves of the pandemic, considering the personal and interpersonal competence an integral part of the curricula. The attention of the authors centres on the students’ perspective – their insight and evaluation of the applied training procedures in selected personal (self-assessment, time management, compliance with instructions and deadlines) and interpersonal (teamwork, collaborative tasks, communication with the client/assignor) skills. The year-on-year comparison of students’ responses shows improvement in training and learning strategies in almost all observed aspects of personal and interpersonal competence development and demonstrates students’ general adaptation to the changed learning environment. The findings of the research, however, raise several concerns related to students’ well-being and potential risks of mental health issues which appear to result from the overall crisis situation, social distancing, but also increased workload and work-life imbalance.

Climate change adaptation in pavement design

Since 2011, the change in climatic characteristics has emerged as one of the three most common environmental risks today. Global warming forecasts warn that by 2100, our planet could warm by an average of 3.5 to 7.5 °C. In Europe, over the last 140 years, the average annual air temperature has risen by about 1.5 °C. In Slovakia, it was an increase of 1.7 - 1.8 °C on average. The consequences of these changes in road construction are immediate and intense and require adequate adaptation measures.Long-term measurements of climatic conditions in Slovakia were the basis for assessing changes in average daily air temperatures in individual seasons. With the design of road pavements and calculations of pavement structure models, we have also tested road construction materials - especially asphalt mixtures. The results were used to correct the values of input data, design criteria, as well as in measures to reduce the impact of changes in climatic conditions.The paper focuses on the characterization of the climatic conditions in Slovakia and the changes reflected in the design of the road constructions; also provides some insights into the solution of partial problems in the field of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement.

Oribatid communities (Acari: Oribatida) associated with bird’s nests - microhabitats in urban environment

The aim of this study was to determine the species composition and structure of thrush nest oribatocenoses under urban conditions in Slovakia and Germany and to further determine the influence of some environmental variables on the oribatid mite community. A total of 1,623 individuals of oribatids in different stages of their life cycles belonging to 53 species and 24 families were identified in a total of 43 nests. Of these, 24 species were recorded in Slovakia, 45 species were recorded in Germany, 20 species occurred in song thrush nests, and 49 species occurred in Eurasian blackbird nests. A total of 17 species were common to both types of nests. A total of thirty species recorded in this study were found in bird nests for the first time. There was a significant difference between the nest species compositions in different localities and between the nest oribatocenosis abundances for the two studied thrush species.

Occurrence of Hookworm and the First Molecular and Morphometric Identification of Uncinaria stenocephala in Dogs in Central Europe.

Hookworms are hematophagous parasitic nematodes that occur in the intestinal tract of various mammals, including humans. The objective of this work was to develop a two-step morphology-molecular analysis-based strategy to identify the genus and the species of eggs and larvae of the Ancylostomatidae family in dogs, which were kept in various living conditions in Slovakia. Faecal samples were collected from 270 dogs kept in two different shelters (160 samples) and in a marginalised Roma community (110 samples). Faecal samples were processed using the flotation method. Microscopically positive faecal samples with hookworm eggs were subjected to a coproculture and the hatched larvae were identified morphometrically, prior to molecular testing. The faecal samples with hookworm´s eggs and individual larvae were identified by a molecular assay based on the amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragment. Further, species-specific primer sets were designed for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1 region) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene section. Hookworm eggs were microscopically detected in 9.6% (26/270) of the total number of faecal samples. The prevalence in the Roma settlement was higher, 14.5% (16/110), than in shelters, 6.3% (10/160). Using PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing, we identified the canine hookworm species Uncinaria stenocephala in all positive samples. Our results have provided new data on the molecular identification of the neglected species U. stenocephala affecting dogs in Slovakia and supplemented the missing information on the prevalence and incidence of hookworms in dogs in Europe.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Investment Incentives in Slovakia

Countries trying to attract foreign direct investment often use various tools to influence the foreign investor’s allocation decision including public subsidies in the form of investment incentives. However, the effects associated with providing these incentives are often questioned, especially in light of the need to achieve at least a minimum level of attractiveness of the business environment. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the effects of investment incentives on foreign direct investment inflows (direct effect) and on selected macroeconomic variables (indirect effects) under the conditions in Slovakia. Findings showed that the preference of specific forms of investment incentives by the government of the Slovak Republic changed slightly in the observed period of 2002–2019. The results of the regression analysis further suggest that while financial incentives have a positive statistically significant direct effect on foreign direct investment inflows, in the case of fiscal incentives, this effect is the opposite. In terms of indirect effects of investment incentives, only a reduction in the unemployment rate through foreign direct investment was found. The study contributes to the literature by providing evidence on the effects of various forms of investment incentives and by offering some implications for investment promotion policy.

The impact of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition

The impact of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition

Developing the advanced practice nursing role in Slovakia: Perception, education, and practice.

ABSTRACTBackground:Advanced practice nursing (APN) is a modern and effective nursing role that has a positive impact on health care systems around the world. Guiding principles are advanced education, expanded scope of practice, and policies supportive of the role.Purpose:The aim of this study was to find out the perception of APNs of their own practice in the context of the current legislative conditions in Slovakia and to identify related factors.Methods:A quantitative exploratory design was selected. From 5,067 APN, 584 were conveniently selected. The adapted and modified SCAPE study questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were processed using SPSS 25.Results:There were differences between newly introduced competencies for the APN role in Slovakia and the general concept of the role that could influence practice. The level of APNs' perception of their own practice is low. Years of practice was significantly and positively related to the perception. The results in each region were significantly different. Community nurses/outpatient nurses assessed their practice at a significantly higher level. The educational curriculum lacks the subject of APN. Competencies, remuneration, and satisfaction with the status are insufficient.Implications for practice:To understand, implement, and practice the concept of APN, it is essential to change policies related to competencies, education, remuneration, and status. Creation of an educational model that includes the subject area of advanced practice nursing in the postgraduate curriculum is essential. Education and practice conditions for advanced practice nurses should be uniform in all regions of the country.

Prediction of RC Bridge Member Resistance Decreasing in Time under Various Conditions in Slovakia.

Reliability is one of the most significant requirements for structures given in Eurocodes. Thus, the specific level of safety, serviceability, and durability have to be satisfied to fulfill the reliability of structures. In the case of reinforced concrete (RC) members, the corrosion of reinforcement is not assumed in the stage of structure design, which is in contrast with the structures in service, where the corrosion of reinforcement can significantly decrease their diameter ø in time. In these cases, the moment resistance in time MRd(t) decreases during the designed lifetime Td of a structure. The corrosion speed is as a basis for the calculation of moment resistance in time MRd(t), i.e., a first-year corrosion rate rcorr and a corrosion model as well. The corrosion itself is a very complicated issue, so the first-year corrosion rate rcorr and also the corrosion model can be different under various conditions in Slovakia. The paper is focused not only to determine the corrosion speed (first-year corrosion rate rcorr and the corrosion model) and parametric study of the moment resistance in time MRd(t) under various conditions in Slovakia but also shows an overview on some parameters that may influence the corrosion process.

Methodology for environmental assessment of proposed activity using risk analysis

This study applies a process of detailed assessment to summarize the potential impact of a proposed construction or other activity on the environment before implementation of an investment plan. The aim of the study was to develop a general methodology for analysis and evaluation of environmental issues connected with planned activities and proposed projects (especially buildings and engineering constructions, required implementation of environmental impact assessment process) using a risk analysis method, thus enabling the best option among the proposed activities to be chosen. The methodology was developed for conditions in Slovakia but could be arranged for any other country considering national conditions, requirements, standards and legislative. Application of the developed methodology in environmental impact assessment could create preconditions for more effective implementation of the EIA process. This paper provides a framework for the risk analysis component of the scoping phase within the EIA process. The process outlined in this paper will assist with determination of an estimation of risks to environmental and health of proposed activities.

Update of the erosive rain factor in Slovakia using data from the period 1961–2009

Abstract An update of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) estimated for 95 locations throughout the entire territory of Slovakia is presented in this paper. We analyzed rainfall time series with 1-minute resolution provided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The data cover the period 1961–2009. The rain gauges are located at altitudes ranging from 97 m a.s.l. up to 1322 m a.s.l. and cover the broadest possible range of geographic regions and climatic conditions in Slovakia with reliable rainfall measurements. First, rainfall episodes were isolated by applying the fundamental rule that two subsequent rains are separated by at least six hours of no rainfall. A total of 116,710 rainfall events were identified and analyzed. A rainfall event was classified as erosive if the two following criteria were satisfied: the maximum 15-minute intensity 6.25 mm (i.e. 25 mm hr−1, as originally used in the U.S.L.E. model, and/or rainfall depth was greater than 12.5 mm. The presented estimates of R-factor are based on 18,467 identified erosive rainfall events. Furthermore, the minimum length of rainfall record necessary for reliable estimates of R-factor has been estimated by spectral analysis. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram identified periodic behavior of the total kinetic rainfall energy and rainfall 15-minute intensities. We suggest that these periodicities are attributable mainly to the 11-year Sun spot cycle, the 18.6-year Luni-Solar cycle, and their higher harmonics. The spectral analysis also revealed that in order to capture the temporal variability the minimum length of time-series in calculating R-factors is 14–15 years. We estimate that the long-term mean annual R-factor in Slovakia ranges from 34.8 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1 (at Gabčíkovo station) to 138 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1 (at Tatranská Javorina station). The median value of the mean annual R-factors for the whole country is 71.13 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1. To our best knowledge, the erosive rain factor has not been updated in Slovakia since the earlier work of Mišík in 1990. This paper is thus an update of the R-factors in Slovakia.

Production and investment evaluation of oyster mushroom cultivation on the waste dendromass: a case study on aspen wood in Slovakia

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the processes and investment evaluation of utilizing available dendromass in an easy and close-to-nature way under Central European conditions in Slovakia. Wood of the European aspen (Populus tremula L.) that has generally been considered of little economic value was efficiently used as a growth medium for the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.). The production of the fruiting bodies of this mushroom were evaluated for 5 years under natural forest conditions. The evaluation focused solely on aspen wood, specifically, the most valuable part – the trunk. The investment assessment revealed the high economic value of the fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom inoculated into aspen wood blocks for the period of five years. In particular, the results of the net present value (NPV = 347.78 €/m3) as well as the profitability index (PI = 1.63) and discounted payback period (DPP ≈ 2 years and 8 months) point to the high profitability of such a project under the given conditions. The results could be helpful and inspiring for forest and garden owners when deciding how to utilize low-value waste dendromass, low-quality aspen wood and other tree species in small-scale forest management.

Sensitivity of dose-response function for carbon steel under various conditions in Slovakia

Abstract Degradation of materials, especially reinforcement in the reinforced concrete members, is very important phenomenon not only in the traffic infrastructure network. Here can raise the question, how high is the corrosivity of atmosphere in various areas in Slovakia and how the variability of climatic parameters affects the corrosion rate rcorr. The first annual corrosion rate of carbon steel is possible to calculate according to dose-response function described in the actual standard EN ISO 9223. The dose-response function is relatively complicated formula, which contains mathematical expressions like exponential-function or power-function. So, it is difficult to assume which one of the four input parameters, like temperature T, relative humidity Rh, content of chloride ions Cl- or sulphur dioxide SO2 has higher sensitivity on the corrosion rate calculated from the function. The paper is focused on the sensitivity analysis of dose-response function in the range of input parameters monitored by Slovak hydrometeorogical institute and the effect of spraying or splashing transport mechanisms of de-icing salt was observed, as well.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Children Living in Various Living Conditions in Slovakia

The purpose of the present study was to identify the prevalence of intestinal parasites among the children (aged ≤ 18 years) living in various living conditions in the Eastern Slovakia. Their faecal samples were examined applying the flotation concentration technique to verify the presence of helminth eggs and cysts of protozoan parasites. The evidence of Enterobius vermicularis pinworm was obtained using the perianal tape test. The diagnostics of the Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts was carried out applying the Kinyoun staining technique. The examined faecal samples were collected from 565 children living in Medzev (340 Roma children from the segregated Roma settlement; 123 children from the majority population; 33 children from the orphanage; 35 children from the elementary school; and 34 children from the kindergarten). They were divided into 5 age subgroups. In children from the segregated Roma settlement, the eggs of six helminth species: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostomatidae family, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia spp., Enterobius vermicularis and two protozoan species: Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. The highest number of positive samples was observed in the group of children aged 6-9 years. In the majority group of children, the eggs of A. lumbricoides, Taenia spp., E. vermicularis and the cysts of G. duodenalis were detected. The species detected in children from the orphanage included A. lumbricoides, H. nana, E. vermicularis and the cysts of G. duodenalis. Children attending the 3rd year of the elementary school and the kindergarten presented with the eggs of A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis and the cysts of G. duodenalis. The examination of soil was performed applying the Kazacos’ technique and the samples were collected from the area surrounding the houses and drinking water sources in the segregated settlement. It revealed high occurrence of parasites in infective stages. The results presented herein indicate that the environmental factors contribute to the circulation of parasites among children and affect their health.

Evaluation of somatic cells in milk of ewes as possible physiological level

Received: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.149-151 The physiological values of SCC in sheep's milk are still under discussion. The aim of study was to describe the frequency of distribution of ewes on the basis of their individual SCC. The ewes were divided into the five SCC groups (somatic cell count) on the basis of individual SCC (G1 = SCC <200×10 3 cells.ml -1 , G2= SCC between 200-400×10 3 cells.ml -1 , G3 = SCC between 400-600×10 3 cells.ml -1 , G4= SCC between 600-1000×10 3 cells.ml -1 and G5 = SCC >1000×10 3 cells.ml -1 ). Totally 771 samples were collected from 90 ewes throughout both milking periods from one experimental herd with minimum four milking records per year in 2016 and 2017. On the basis of SCS throughout lactation the most ewes were in the first two SCC groups (below 400×10 3 cells.ml -1 ) in 2016 and 2017 (78.89% and 83.33%, respectively). 13 animals (8 SD-Slovak dairy sheep, 5 LC-Lacaune) and 12 animals (4 SD, 8 LC) were in SCC groups over >600×10 3 cells.ml -1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Our results significantly contribute to the possible consideration of physiological limits for sheep milk because of the highest percentage of ewes was with less than 400×10 3 cells.ml -1 .  Keywords:  ewe, milk, somatic cell counts References Arias, R., Oliete, B., Ramón, M., Arias, C., Gallego, R., Montoro, V., Pérez-Guzmán, M. D. (2012) Long-term study of environmental effects on test-day somatic cell count and milk yield in Manchega sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 106 (2), 92-97. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.03.019 Bergonier, D., De Crémoux, R., Rupp, R., Lagriffoul, G., Berthelot, X. (2003) Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Veterinary Research , 34 (5), 689-716. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003030 Contreras, A., Sierra, D., Sánchez, Z. A., Corrales, J. C., Marco, J.C., Paape, M. J., Gonzalo, C. (2007)Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research , 68 (1-2), 145-153.  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.011 Idriss, S. E., Tančin, V., Margetín, M., Tančinová, D., Sláma, P., Havlíček, Z. (2015) Frequency of distribution of somatic cell count in dairy ewe's milk. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 4 (3), 148-151. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2015.4.special3.148-151 Leitner, G., Chaffer, M., Zamir, S., Mor, T., Glickman, A., Winkler, M., Weisblit, L., Saran, A. (2001) Udder disease etiology, milk somatic cell counts and NAGase activity in Israeli Assaf sheep throughout lactation. Small Ruminant Research , 39 (2), 107-112. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00190-5 Leitner, G., Silanikove, N., Merin, U.(2008) Estimate of milk and curd yield loss of sheep and goats with intrammamary infection and its relation to somatic cell count. Small Ruminant Research, 74 (3), 221-225. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.02.009 Olechnowicz, J., Jaskowski, J. M. (2014) Mastitis in small ruminants. Medycyna Weterynaryjna/ Veterinary Medicine - Science And Practice, 70 (2), 67-72. Paape, M. J., Wiggans, G. R., Bannerman, D. D., Thomas, D. L., Sanders, A. H., Contreras, A., Moroni, P., Miller, R. H. (2007) Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Ruminant Research , 68 (1-2), 114-125.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.014 Pengov, A. (2001)The Role of Coagulase- Negative Staphylococcus spp. and Associated Somatic Cell Counts in the Ovine Mammary Gland. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(3), 572-574. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74509-2 Riggio, V., Portolano, B. (2015) Genetic selection for reduced somatic cell counts in sheep milk: A review. Small Ruminant Research , 126 (10), 33-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.020 Souza, F. N., Blagitz, M. G., Penna, C. F. A. M., Della Libera, A.M. M. P., Heinemann, M. B., Cerqueira, M.M.O.P. (2012)Somaticcellcount in smallruminants: Friend or foe?Small Ruminant Research , 107 (2-3), 65-75. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.005 Tančin, V., Baranovič, Š., Uhrinčať, M., Mačuhová, L., Vršková, M., Oravcová, M. (2017a) Somatic cell count in raw ewes milk in dairy practice: frequency of distribution and possible effect on milk yield and composition. Mljekarstvo , 67 (4), 253-260. Tančin, V., Uhrinčať, M., Mačuhová, L., Baranovič, Š., Vršková, M.(2017b) Somatic cell count in milk of individual Lacaune ewes under practical conditions in Slovakia: Possible effect on milk yield and its composition. Potravinarstvo – Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 11 (1), 386-390. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5219/767 Vršková, V., Tančin, V., Kirchnerová, K., Sláma, P. (2015) Evaluation of daily milk production in Tsigai ewes by somatic cell count. Potravinarstvo – Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 9 (1), 206-210. DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.5219/439

Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Cloacal Swab of Hens Reared in Different Breeding Conditions in Slovakia

The study evaluated the detection of the <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. in cloacal swabs of hens at six poultry farms: one battery cage, three indoor and two free range. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used for detection of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. determined positivity in the range from 3.4% to 10%. The lowest values of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp.

Analysis of Tourism in the Slovak Republic in the Period after Accession to the European Monetary Union

Tourism is an important part of the economy in the world. Despite good conditions in Slovakia, the share of tourism in the economy accounts for only a small percentage. The rise in tourism would greatly benefit especially for the growth of employment rate, wage growth, the influx of foreign tourists and ultimately would particularly benefit the growth of Slovakia's economy. The aim of this paper was to describe tourism and selected indicators of tourism and their impact on employment, added value and wages of employees. Slovakia has many natural beauties, cultural and historical sights, so these advantages should be used to develop the economy. In the paper was used method of analysis of selected indicators of tourism. The indicators were examined and subsequently compared during the period from 2009 to 2015. Meaning of analysis of indicators has a direct impact on the growth of employment in Slovakia, the improvement of the services provided and the indirect impact on the growth of other products for the development of tourism. Slovakia has a high potential in terms of tourism but needs to be more visible, especially abroad, needs to offer more educated workers in the field, promote the growth of wages and bonuses and overall to support entrepreneurship in tourism.