Conditions In Denmark Research Articles

A Simple Model for Estimation of Atmospherically-Derived Nitrogen in Grass-Clover Systems

ABSTRACT Atmospherically-derived nitrogen can be a major source of nitrogen in organic or other low-input farming systems. It is, however, in practice difficult to quantify the contribution of nitrogen from the atmosphere especially when dealing with grass-clover leys in the crop rotation. In this study a simple model based on knowledge about the content of clover in herbage and the time after establishment is presented and calibrated to a range of production conditions in Denmark. A statistical analysis of three experiments showed that the content of clover made a satisfactory description of the variation in atmospherically-derived nitrogen above stubble height (harvested fixed-N2). The variation in harvested fixed-N2 was considerable (38–208 kg N ha−1 year−1) due to experimental manipulation by rate of N-fertilizer, cutting frequency, soil type and irrigation. It was, however, also found that the time after establishment of the grass-clover leys has a significant effect in that way, that at a given content of clover harvested fixed-N2 in the 3rd, 4th and 5th cropping year was only 2/3 of that in the 1st and 2nd cropping year. Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen are discussed to predict accumulation of atmospherically-derived nitrogen below stubble height. It is concluded that within the first two years after establishment there is a net accumulation of fixed-N2 below stubble height corresponding to 24–29% of harvested fixed-N2. After the 2nd year the total fixed-N2 is assumed to correspond directly to harvested fixed-N2. Based on three classes of visual estimates of clover content (10–29%, 30–49% or above 49%), the atmospherically-derived nitrogen was estimated to be (kg ha−1 year−1) 80, 157 or 248 in the first two years and 47, 84 or 128 in the 3rd, 4th and 5th years.

Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content in Yellow-and White-Flowered Yellow Sarson × CanadianBrassica campestrisL.

Abstract Erucic acid content in both yellow- and white-flowered Yellow Sarson (Brassica campestris L.) was found to be under monogenic control, with the high-erucic acid allele of Yellow Sarson being partially dominant to the zero-erucic acid allele. Crosses between white-flowered Yellow Sarson and the Canadian cultivar Tobin produced F2 seeds which agreed with the expected 1:2:1 segregation ratio. However, F2 seeds produced under Bangladeshi conditions from the corresponding cross of the yellow-flowered Yellow Sarson gave a segregation pattern that departed significantly from expectation, whereas seeds from the same cross produced under glasshouse conditions in Denmark segregated as expected. It is suggested that these results could be due to some form of sexual selection acting on the male gametes.

The Female Factor in the Changing Living Conditions in Denmark

(1993). The Female Factor in the Changing Living Conditions in Denmark. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 23, Welfare Trends in the Scandinavian Countries, pp. 139-152.

Mebendazole treatment against Pseudodactylogyrus infections in eel ( Anguilla anguilla)

Two different methods of mebendazole treatment against infections with Pseudodactylogyrus spp. in eel, a short- and a long-term bath treatment, were tested. A long-term bath treatment using 1 mg mebendazole per 1 for 24 h appeared the more applicable method in commercial eel farming. In addition, two different medical preparations of mebendazole were tested and both were found equally efficacious against Pseudodactylogyrus infections. A side effect of the mebendazole treatment, a hyperproduction of mucus on the gills, was observed. The long-term bath method has now been adapted for use under commercial eel farming conditions in Denmark and practical experiences with the method are discussed.

The Ability of Lettuce, Rye Grass and Barley to Reduce the Nutrient Salt Content of Wastewater from Fish Farming

In order to find methods to reduce the nutrient salt content of waste water from aquaculture systems, crop and field plants such as lettuce, rye grass and barley were cultivated in water coming from a pilot size fish farming unit for rainbow trout. Growth rates for rye grass and barley were less than 50% of the maximum growth rates obtained under field conditions in Denmark, and lettuce could not grow in the recirculating water. By adding carbon dioxide to the recirculating water until slightly above the equilibrium concentration, growth rates for rye grass and barley improved to maximum rates under field conditions, and lettuce of good quality was produced. Mass balances for P and N indicate that fertilizing value of waste water from 25 kg rainbow trout is sufficient for cultivation of 20 m2 rye grass at maximum growth rate.

Dinoflagellate and Planktonic Foraminiferal Paleobathymetrical Indices in the Boreal Uppermost Cretaceous

A study has been carried out on the distribution of dinoflagellates and planktonic foraminifera in three Upper Maastrichtian borehole cores from Sweden and two uppermost Maastrichtian outcrop sections from Denmark. Several dinoflagellate variables display time-related changes in the Swedish cores. Likewise, the assemblage of planktonic foraminifers changes upsection. These trends may reflect the lowering of sea level that has been documented in the Upper Maastrichtian; the data suggest a change from a lower shelf to an upper shelf environment. Comparisons of these variables between the Swedish and Danish localities point to deeper depositional conditions in Denmark than in southern Sweden. The results indicate that the abundance of Spiniferites (both absolute and relative), the dinoflagellate diversity, and the G. multispina/H. striata ratio, are useful paleobathymetrical indices in the uppermost Cretaceous of boreal areas.

Living Conditions in Denmark

Background When Danmarks Statistik (the Central Bureau of Statistics) and the Danish National Institute of Social Research jointly published the first edition of Living Conditions in Denmark in the fall of 1976, the first step was taken towards an ongoing or recurrent social reporting in Denmark. As in other countries, over the years a growing awareness of the need to develop social statistics to supplement national accounts as a basis for evaluating development processes had arisen. That there was a need was reflected in the fact that by September 1977, 17,000 copies of the I st edition had been sold and a fourth reprint was being considered. The publication served very much a dual function in providing a statistical basis which permitted broader evaluation of social development and which at the same time pointed to the need to develop social statistics even further. The first edition aimed at 'presenting a comprehensive selection of the most important statistical information on the development of and disparities in living conditions in Denmark'. The report excelled by its systematic documentation of statistics currently produced and gathered for specific purposes. The statistics that were presented, however, did not constitute a coherent body of information. Furthermore, the various types of statistics often defied comparison. It is intended in the second publication (to appear in summer 1979) to improve these shortcomings as far as is possible by establishing a higher degree of coordination among the various producers of the statistics to be presented. This, however, is only a partial solution that in the long run will be replaced by new types of social statistics.

Decline in Incidence of Some Fungi of Barley Seed during Storage under Farm-like Conditions in Denmark

Decline in Incidence of Some Fungi of Barley Seed during Storage under Farm-like Conditions in Denmark

Alcohol Consumption and Temperance Conditions in Denmark

Alcohol Consumption and Temperance Conditions in Denmark