Cultivation Conditions Research Articles

Exploring the variability of root system architecture under drought stress in heat-tolerant spring-wheat lines

Background and aimsGlobal wheat production is under threat due to climate change, specifically heat and drought and their combination. This study aims to address the root trait responses of heat-tolerant wheat genotypes to drought.MethodsThe variability in root traits of CIMMYT wheat lines, which were previously developed for heat stress tolerance (HTWL), was evaluated alongside 10 Pakistani-approved varieties under three cultivation conditions and soil moisture levels.ResultsOur findings revealed that the plasticity of the wheat root system is highly pronounced, with rhizosphere conditions exerting a more substantial influence (5–49%) than the genotypic response (1–14%). Furthermore, in the hydroponic and pot system, we noted higher maximum-root length (1.5–1.8 fold) and root-to-shoot ratio (3.4–10.6 fold) as compared to field condition, while the root biomass was substantially higher in the field trial (3-57 fold). Nonetheless, persistent drought conditions exerted contrasting impact with reduction in most of the traits except specific root length and harvest index which were increased under drought.ConclusionsThe variation in root traits against drought indicates the potential for the development of improved genotypes that can withstand multiple stresses. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider rhizosphere conditions when selecting genotypes, as the plasticity of wheat roots may lead to misinterpretations if rhizosphere conditions are disregarded. Root dry weight and root-to-shoot ratio are more stable traits as compared to maximum root length and specific root length. It is recommended to evaluate a broader range of rhizosphere conditions to select tolerant genotypes.

Comparative Transcriptomics of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Grown on Aerial Surface and in Liquid Environment.

Beauveria bassiana, the causative agent of arthropod, proliferates in the host hemolymph (liquid environment) and shits to saprotrophic growth on the host cadaver (aerial surface). In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to compare the gene expression modes between these two growth phases. Of 10,366 total predicted genes in B. bassiana, 10,026 and 9985 genes were expressed in aerial (AM) and submerged (SM) mycelia, respectively, with 9853 genes overlapped. Comparative analysis between two transcriptomes indicated that there were 1041 up-regulated genes in AM library when compared with SM library, and 1995 genes were down-regulated, in particular, there were 7085 genes without significant change in expression between two transcriptomes. Furthermore, of 25 amidase genes (AMD), BbAMD5 has high expression level in both transcriptomes, and its protein product was associated with cell wall in aerial and submerged mycelia. Disruption of BbAMD5 significantly reduced mycelial hydrophobicity, hydrophobin translocation, and conidiation on aerial plate. Functional analysis also indicated that BbAmd5 was involved in B. bassiana blastospore formation in broth, but dispensable for fungal virulence. This study revealed the high similarity in global expression mode between mycelia grown under two cultivation conditions.

Chapter 3. Cultivating problems and politics: Precarious fields and the social history of the Medieval Deccan, southern India

AbstractThis paper assesses the shifting locations and social significance of agricultural spaces through analyses of intensive pedestrian survey results, multi‐spectral remote sensing data, and Medieval Period inscriptional records around the site of Maski (Raichur District, Karnataka). In doing so, it challenges a longstanding historiographical trope about the social history and essential “fertility” of the Raichur Doab, a region of the central Deccan of southern India that was ostensibly contested for its rich agricultural resources by numerous imperial polities throughout the Medieval and Early Modern Periods. The results suggest that cultivation was extended into the region's more marginal production environments between the 11th and 14th centuries. Moreover, the process of agricultural expansion appears to have partly contributed to fomenting social concerns about the effects of temple patronage as many of the region's underclass farmers faced multiple modes of precarity, including those engendered by new labor and cultivation conditions in the semi‐arid Deccan. In that sense, the paper also expands on contemporary notions of precarity and highlights the significance of a variety of ways through which conditions of precarity might emerge in other historical contexts.

Keunggulan Komparatif Ekspor Kopi di Indonesia

Indonesia has a significant comparative advantage in the coffee export sector, supported by high product quality, diversity of coffee types, and ideal natural conditions for coffee cultivation. The unique taste of coffee in Indonesia, such as Arabica and Robusta, is recognized and appreciated in the international market. Nonetheless, Indonesia's coffee industry faces several challenges such as price fluctuations, climate change, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to funding, and intense global competition. To overcome these challenges and strengthen its position in the global market, a comprehensive strategy is needed. These strategies include improving product quality and consistency, developing infrastructure, diversifying and innovating products, increasing funding, and strengthening marketing and promotion. The implementation of these strategies is expected to improve the welfare of coffee farmers and producers, maximize Indonesia's coffee export potential, and maintain its comparative advantage in the global market. In addition, it is also important to increase collaboration between the government, private sector, and farming community in facing the challenges. With strong synergy, Indonesia's coffee industry can continue to grow and compete in the international market, and contribute significantly to the national economy.

Streamer formation dynamics with mixed bacterial species: Effects of cultivation conditions, hydrodynamics, and species

Streamer formation dynamics with mixed bacterial species: Effects of cultivation conditions, hydrodynamics, and species

Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid (SA) on the Yield of Several Cultivars of Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., under Protected Cultivation Conditions

Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid (SA) on the Yield of Several Cultivars of Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., under Protected Cultivation Conditions

Study of the characteristics of soil mixtures obtained by vermicomposting

Vermicomposting is a sustainable and environmentally friendly element of organic waste management. Being a biological processing method involving a complex of soil organisms, vermicomposting requires the selection of conditions for the cultivation of transformer organisms, primarily dung worms (lat. Eisenia fetida). The duration and quality of the formation of the final product are influenced by the physicochemical conditions of worm cultivation, the composition of the starting material, methods of its placement, etc. We studied the influence of the composition of the substrate and the conditions of cultivation of Eisenia fetida on the characteristics of the resulting vermicompost in conditions of laboratory experiment. The biological characteristics of soil mixtures obtained by vermicomposting were studied, taking into account the physicochemical factors (humidity, pH, temperature) of their formation. It has been shown that the composition of the mixture significantly affects the characteristics of the vermicomposting process and the biological properties of the resulting product.

Expression of the labeled recombinant glycoprotein E2 of the classical swine fever virus in <i>E. Coli</i>

Currently, live attenuated vaccines are used in the Russian Federation for the specific prevention of classical swine fever (CSF), but this strategy contradicts the rules for importing animal products and carries the risks of recombination with field strains. These factors exacerbate the need for further development of candidate recombinant vaccines with similar efficacy and safety. The aim of the presented work was to construct a prokaryotic expression system of the marked glycoprotein E2 of the CSF virus and to evaluate its immunochemical properties. As a result of the conducted studies, a section of the primary amino acid sequence of glycoprotein E2 of a highly pathogenic Shimen strain (subgenotype 1.1) was identified using bioinformatic analysis and a hybrid polypeptide was designed, including a non-specific (marker) part from the modified V5 epitope and a fragment of the BSA sequence. By cloning a codon-optimized fragment into the pET-28a vector, the E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS/pET-28a/E2-V5 producing strain was constructed. During the optimization of the cultivation conditions of the producer strain, it was found that the highest yield of the target protein is achieved within 5-6 hours after the induction of expression. The immunochemical properties of chromatographically purified recombinant rE2-V5 were determined: for example, it was shown that its activity in indirect enzyme immunoassay exceeds that of native E2. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed prokaryotic expression system, which consists in proper folding, good solubility and the ability of the target protein to form specific immunocomplexes. The presence of a marker fragment in the expressed hybrid polypeptide in the future will allow using the latter as the basis of a recombinant vaccine that meets the requirements of the DIVA strategy.

PHOTOREGULATION OF THE BIOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF LARICIFOMES OFFICINALIS USING COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES AND LASER IRRADIATION

The aim of the work was to study the influence of biogenic metal nanoparticles on the growth characteristics and biosynthetic activity of the fungus Laricifomes officinalis, as well as the effects of photocatalytic activity of NPs after exposure to low-intensity laser radiation under deep cultivation conditions. Material and Methods. Traditional mycological methods, colloidal solutions of nanoparticles biogenic metals, and unique photobiological methods were used. Results. Treatment of the inoculum with colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of all used metals ncreased the growth of L. officinalis by 31–54%, while irradiation of the fungal inoculum with laser light in a medium with nanoparticles reduced the growth activity of the L. officinalis mycelium by 14.4–22.6%. All nanoparticles suppressed the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, whereas treatment of the inoculum with colloidal solutions of FeNPs and MgNPs stimulated the synthesis of endopolysaccharides. At the same time, laser light irradiation in the presence of AgNPs increased the amount of endopolysaccharides, while FeNPs and MgNPs slightly inhibited their synthesis. Treatment of the inoculum with colloidal metal solutions and laser light affected the total phenolic content (TPC) in the mycelial mass. The highest TPC values in ethanol extracts with AgNPs and laser light irradiation were 97.31Ѓ}3.7 mg of GAEs/g of dry mass. Conclusions. The research results gave ground to consider nanoparticles of biogenic metals (AgNPs, FeNPs, MgNPs) and low-intensity laser light as a promising regulators of the biosynthetic activity of L. officinalis in the biotechnology of its cultivation.

Unraveling the dynamic interplay of microbial communities associated to Lupinus angustifolius in response to environmental and cultivation conditions

Microorganisms form dynamic communities with plants, providing benefits such as nutrient acquisition and stress resilience. Understanding how these microorganisms are affected by environmental factors such as growth conditions and soil characteristics are essential for harnessing these communities for sustainable agriculture practices and their response to climate change. The microbiome associated to Lupinus angustifolius, a legume native in Europe, with a high protein value and stress resilience was characterized for the first time. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing, we characterized the compositional and temporal changes of the bacterial and fungal communities associated to the soil, rhizosphere, and plant compartments where Lupinus angustifolius grows naturally. Our results suggest that the main difference in the soil microbial communities is related to the edaphic properties, although environmental factors such as temperature, humidity or rainfall also influenced the composition of the soil microbial communities. We also characterized the bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere, roots, nodules, and leaves of wild plants collected in the field and compared them against plants obtained under greenhouse conditions. In the plant compartments, the bacterial composition appeared to be more affected by the growing conditions (field vs greenhouse), than by soil characteristics or location. These results can be used to identify key taxa that may play crucial roles in the development and adaptation of the host plant and its associated microbiota to environmental changes and highlight the importance of characterizing the plant microbiomes in their natural habitats. Soil, influenced by climatic seasons, shapes the plant microbiome assembly. Lupinus recruits a core microbiome across rhizosphere, roots, nodules, and leaves, that is stable across locations. However, cultivation conditions may alter microbiome dynamics, impacting the adaptability of its components. Wild plants show a resilient and adaptable microbiome while germination and cultivation in greenhouse conditions alter its composition and vulnerability.

Unraveling the Electron Transfer in Cupriavidus necator – Insights Into Mediator Reduction Mechanics

AbstractCupriavidus necator, despite lacking direct electron transfer capabilities, demonstrates efficient reduction of various redox mediators in oxygen‐free cultivation within bioelectrochemical systems. This study investigates the reduction site of ferricyanide through inhibition and expression rate analysis of oxygen and nitrate respiration chain complexes, comparing aerobic cultivation conditions with fructose as carbon and electron donor to autotrophic (CO2/H2/O2) and anodic cultivation conditions (fructose/anode). Azide inhibition identified cytochrome c oxidase as the primary complex facilitating electron transfer to ferricyanide, with a secondary role proposed for nitrite reductase NirS, demonstrating a 3.9±1.1‐fold higher expression when exposed to anodic conditions. The 2.9±0.6‐fold increase in the expression of the natural porin OmpA under anodic conditions implies its potential involvement in ferricyanide uptake. Additionally, chemically permeabilizing cell membranes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide doubles ferricyanide reduction rates without an anode present, offering insights for optimizing redox mediation in C. necator based bioelectrochemical systems. This study opens up new possibilities for the targeted optimization of mediated electron transfer in C. necator and other organisms.

THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

In the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2021–2023, the influence of herbicide protection technologies on the formation of plant height, basket diameter, oil content and yield of sunflower hybrids was studied. Twelve sunflower hybrids were studied: SY Bacardi CLP, NK Kondi, SUZUKA (Syngenta Crop Protection AG), LG5555 CLP, LG5580, LG59580 (Limagrain Europe), ЕS GENESIS, ES Bellamis CL, ES AROMATIC SU (Euralis Semences), P64LP130, PR64F66, P64LE25 (Pioneer Overseas Corporation). Sunflower hybrids were studied using classical, Express (or SUMO), Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technologies. Taking into account the agrometeorological conditions of sunflower hybrids cultivation and their genetic potential, it was found that under the Express Sun (or SUMO) herbicide protection technology of Dupont (consisting of sunflower hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl-based products), the most stable was the height of sunflower plants in SUZUKA (194–197 cm) and P64LE25 (206–207 cm) hybrids. According to the technology of herbicide protection Clearfield® Plus (CLP) by BASF (based on the resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides of the imidazoline group), the highest stability in plant height was shown by the hybrid LG5555 CLP (175–177 cm). According to the classical technology, using soil and post-emergence herbicides and graminicides with elements of mechanical control, the hybrid ES Bellamis SL had the greatest variation in plant height from 177 cm to 223 cm during the three years of research. The most stable was the diameter of the sunflower basket in the hybrid SI Bacardi CLP (22.3–22.5 cm) with Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. According to the Express Sun (or SUMO) herbicide protection technology, high indicators of the basket diameter were obtained in the hybrids ES AROMATIC SU (20.7–23.2 cm) and SUZUKA (19.3–23.3 cm). The highest yields per plot were recorded for hybrids SUZUKA (11.15 kg), ES AROMATIC SU (11.05 kg) and P64LE25 (10.84 kg) using Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. The hybrids that provided the best yields and formed high quality seeds were P64LE25 (3.86 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.2%; ES AROMATIC SU (3.95 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.1%; and SUZUKA (3.98 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.7%, using Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. With Express Sun (or SUMO) technology, the best hybrid was LG5580 (4.0 t/ha), with an oil content of 48.6%.

Modeling of cell cultivation for monoclonal antibody production processes considering lactate metabolic shifts.

Demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is rapidly increasing. To achieve higher productivity, there have been improvements to cell lines, operating modes, media, and cultivation conditions. Representative mathematical models are needed to narrow down the growing number of process alternatives. Previous studies have proposed mechanistic models to depict cell metabolic shifts (e.g., lactate production to consumption). However, the impacts of variations of some operating conditions have not yet been fully incorporated in such models. This paper offers a new mechanistic model considering variations in dissolved oxygen and glutamine depletion on cell metabolism applied to a novel Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Expressions for the specific rates of lactate production, glutamine consumption, and mAb production were formulated for stirred and shaken-tank reactors. A deeper understanding of lactate metabolic shifts was obtained under different combinations of experimental conditions. Lactate consumption was more pronounced in conditions with higher DO and low glutamine concentrations. The model offers mechanistic insights that are useful for designing advanced operation strategies. It can be used in design space generation and process optimization for better productivity and product quality.

Application of Biplot Techniques to Evaluate the Potential of Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control of Moniliasis in Ecuadorian Cacao

Cocoa, a crop with great socioeconomic impact in Ecuador, faces continuous challenges that undermine the quality and yield of the crops. Moniliasis, a phytosanitary problem that is difficult to control, is the main limiting factor in cocoa production. This disease is caused by the phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri, which causes premature maturation and necrosis of the ears. In this study, 50 strains of Trichoderma spp. in two-culture media, PDA and MEA, were used to evaluate the mycelial characteristics and antagonistic capacity of the strains in individual situations and in circumstances of confrontation against the phytopathogens Moniliophthora roreri (MRCP) and Moniliophtora roreri (MMCA). The data from the parameters obtained in the in vitro experimental practice were subjected to the multivariate PCA biplot method; the results indicated that five strains exhibited a notable antagonism capacity against the two specific strains of M. roreri: strain E22 grown on PDA medium, and the other four (E25, E29, E30, E39) cultivated on MEA medium. The open field trial showed that all treatments based on Trichoderma spp. improved productive performance compared to control plantations to which no biopreparation was applied. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were reported for all treatments. The efficiency of the biopreparations ranged between 51.26% and 72.46% with yields of 677.86 kg/ha to 976.90 kg/ha, respectively. The Trichoderma strain E29 showed the greatest potential for the biological control of M. roreri under field conditions. The findings validate the effect of diversified Trichoderma biopreparations in the biological control of moniliasis, providing concrete data on the efficacy of the biopreparation under real cultivation conditions and supporting its practical viability.

Exploring the impact of microalgal fatty acid content on anaerobic digestion and methane production: An experimental and mathematical modeling study

Microalgal biomass can potentially be valorized for several purposes, targeting either high added-value metabolites or biofuels. In case the cultivation conditions are inappropriate for the production of high-value metabolites, or the produced yields are insufficient for extraction and further valorization, there is the alternative of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process for biogas production. In the current study, Chlorella vulgaris biomass was treated through the process of AD, focusing on the effect of fatty acids (FAs) content (5–30 %) on biomethane production. Mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions were used to produce biomass samples with different FAs content. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays of the biomass samples followed, targeting the evaluation of the process, taking into account the FAs concentration effect. The BMP yields varied between 304 (5 % FAs) and 502 NmL CH4 gVSadded−1 (30 % FAs). The next step in this work was the mathematical modeling of CH4 production, where the proposed model could satisfactorily simulate the biological process with R2 = 0.94 for all the studied experiments. Such a model can be a valuable tool for deciding on the most appropriate biomass utilization option and the description of AD with dual-stage CH4 production.

Sourdough fermentation for the valorization of sorghum flour: Microbiota characterization and metabolome profiling

Due to a large adaptability to different cultivation conditions and limited input compared to other cereals, sorghum is considered an emerging crop. Its antioxidant properties, high fiber content and low glycemic index also make it a valuable addition to a healthy diet, nevertheless, the presence of antinutritional factors and the lack of gluten, hamper its use as food ingredient. This study investigated the impact of sourdough fermentation on sorghum nutritional quality. Lactic acid bacteria dominating sorghum flour and sourdough were identified by culture-dependent analysis revealing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as the dominant species found in the mature sourdough, whereas Weissella cibaria and Weissella paramesenteroides were the species isolated the most after the first refreshment. Among yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most prevalent. Lactic acid bacteria pro-technological and functional performances as starter were evaluated in sorghum type-II sourdoughs through an integrated characterization combining chromatographic and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The metabolic profile of the strains mainly grouped together W. cibaria strains and W. paramesenteroides AI7 which distinguished for the intense proteolysis but also for the presence of compounds particularly interesting from a physiological perspective (allantoin, glutathione, γ-aminobutyric acid and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid), whose concentration increased during fermentation in a species or strain specific matter.

An artificial neuronal network coupled with a genetic algorithm to optimise the production of unsaturated fatty acids in Parachlorella kessleri

In this study, an Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) approach was successfully applied to optimise the physicochemical factors influencing the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in the microalgae P. kessleri UCM 001. The optimized model recommended specific cultivation conditions, including glucose at 29 g/L, NaNO3 at 2.4 g/L, K2HPO4 at 0.4 g/L, red LED light, an intensity of 1000 lx, and an 8:16-h light-dark cycle. Through ANN-GA optimisation, a remarkable 66.79% increase in UFAs production in P. kessleri UCM 001 was achieved, compared to previous studies. This underscores the potential of this technology for enhancing valuable lipid production. Sequential variations in the application of physicochemical factors during microalgae culture under mixotrophic conditions, as optimized by ANN-GA, induced alterations in UFAs production and composition in P. kessleri UCM 001. This suggests the feasibility of tailoring the lipid profile of microalgae to obtain specific lipids for diverse industrial applications. The microalgae were isolated from a high-mountain lake in Colombia, highlighting their adaptation to extreme conditions. This underscores their potential for sustainable lipid and biomaterial production. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using ANN-GA technology to optimise UFAs production in microalgae, offering a promising avenue for obtaining valuable lipids. The microalgae's unique origin in a high-mountain environment in Colombia emphasises the importance of exploring and harnessing microbial resources in distinctive geographical regions for biotechnological applications.

Enhanced production of trans-cinnamic acid in Photorhabdus luminescens with homolog expression and deletion strategies.

This study aimed to overproduce industrially relevant and safe bio-compound trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) from Photorhabdus luminescens with deletion strategies and homologous expression strategies that had not been applied before for tCA production. The overproduction of the industrially relevant compound tCA was successfully performed in P. luminescens by deleting stlB (TTO1ΔstlB) encoding a cinnamic acid CoA ligase in the isopropylstilbene pathway and the hcaE insertion (knockout) mutation (hcaE::cat) in the phenylpropionate catabolic pathway, responsible for tCA degradation. A double mutant of both stlB deletion and hcaE insertion mutation (TTO1DM ΔstlB-hcaE::cat) was also generated. These deletion strategies and the phenylalanine ammonium lyase-producing (PI-PAL from Photorhabdus luminescens) plasmid, pBAD30C, carrying stlA (homologous expression mutants) are utilized together in the same strain using different media, a variety of cultivation conditions, and efficient anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA402) for enhanced tCA synthesis. At the end of the 120-h shake flask cultivation, the maximum tCA production was recorded as 1281mg l-1 in the TTO1pBAD30C mutant cultivated in TB medium, with the IRA402 resin keeping 793mg l-1 and the remaining 488mg l-1 found in the supernatant. TCA production was successfully achieved with homologous expression, coupled with deletion and insertion strategies. 1281mg l-1is the highest tCA concentration that achieved by bacterial tCA production in flask cultivation, according to our knowledge.

Genetic engineering of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae for the enhancement of astaxanthin production: A review

Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is a significant natural source of astaxanthin, garnering interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. However, astaxanthin production from H. pluvialis is constrained by factors such as a lengthy cultivation period and thick cell walls. Recent research has explored different strategies, such as optimising cultivation conditions, to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis. This review paper aims to summarise the recent advancement of metabolic and genetic engineering in astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis. The review would provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular components and mechanism involved in the biosynthesis pathway of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis, revealing the specific genes responsible for governing its biosynthesis. Numerous metabolic methodologies are investigated, including manipulating light intensity, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and temperature to enhance microalgae biomass and astaxanthin accumulation. Genetic engineering strategies have recently been studied to manipulate specific genes (e.g. bkt, CrtR-b, pds) to increase astaxanthin production. However, the limitation of genetic engineering is still unclear due to its mechanism of astaxanthin esterification and the transport of secondary β-carotenoids from the chloroplast to the cytosol. This lack of understanding has posed a challenge to maximise astaxanthin production through genetic engineering. This review also provides recent insights and future research directions for genetic engineering by providing a holistic approach to the complex interplay of genetics, metabolism, and biotechnological strategies to maximise astaxanthin production.

A novel application of Chlorella sorokiniana for green hydrogen production via microbial electrolysis and Waste Biorefinery

Waste biorefineries have significant potential to utilize microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to convert waste into energy carriers and bioproducts with added value, potentially resulting in a carbon- and energy-negative system. Various feedstocks (such as sodium acetate, glucose, glycerol, and wastewater) are used in MEC for biohydrogen production. This study used the three different wastewaters as substrates in the MEC for biohydrogen production. The remaining dried microalgal biomass was then analyzed to identify value-added compounds. Under conditions of 18±3°C, domestic wastewater (DWW) produced maximum biohydrogen (22.78±0.25 mL/L). Combined domestic wastewater and algal extracted supernatant (CDAES) resulted in a higher yield (30.82±0.25 mL/L), and modified wastewater (MWW) exhibited the highest production (40.86±0.25 mL/L). The biohydrogen production values in this study exceed those reported in the latest research, considering the applied voltage of 0.5 V. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of rod-shaped and round-shaped microbial communities on the anode surface. The cultivation conditions for Chlorella sorokiniana in a multi-cultivator system were set (23–26°C, 98 μmol m−2 s−1, pH 7.0 ± 0.5, and CO2 0.04 %). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of dried algal biomass has revealed eighteen bioactive compounds with diverse applications in pharmacy, food, and cosmetics. Thus, the algal extracted supernatant incorporated into wastewater demonstrated an innovative and economical feedstock for MEC. Additionally, bioactive compounds play a prominent role in the success of integration technologies, opening a new avenue for research.