Open Conditions Research Articles

High cross-pollination rate of Greek oregano (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum) with Common oregano (O. vulgare ssp. vulgare) under open field conditions as revealed by microsatellite marker analysis

We studied the mode of pollination in Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) under both controlled and open pollination conditions. When grown indoors without the presence of insects, Greek oregano plants did not develop any seeds, indicating a low level of spontaneous self-pollination. Applying manual self-pollination under the same conditions resulted in only 16 seeds, of which only five were able to germinate. At the same time, a clonally propagated Greek oregano plant of the same genotype produced a rich set of over 300 seeds in open field conditions when the flowers were visited by insects in an area where no other Origanum species were observed. Analysis with SSR markers showed that over 70% of the seeds likely resulted from self-pollination, indicating that insect-mediated pollination is essential for the seed development. We further analyzed the cross-pollination of Greek oregano with Common oregano (O. vulgare ssp. vulgare) in open field conditions where the two subspecies were grown in close proximity. Applying SSR markers, we analyzed 83 plants obtained from seeds of three vegetatively propagated Greek oregano mother plants. Surprisingly, the results showed that all analyzed seedlings resulted from cross-pollination of Greek oregano with Common oregano, indicating that cross-pollination between the two subspecies can completely take over the self-pollination or cross-pollination between the Greek oregano plants. The possible impact of the observed high cross-pollination rate on the genetic origin of seeds of selected Greek oregano lines and varieties, as well as on the genetic diversity and structure of natural populations, is discussed.

Penerapan Personal Hygiene, Sanitasi Peralatan, dan Sanitasi Lingkungan pada Pedagang Nasi Goreng: Studi Kasus Pada Pedagang Nasi Goreng di Kota Balikpapan

The importance of maintaining cleanliness and health is carried out to avoid the dangers of pollution and contamination and prevent various types of diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe personal hygiene, equipment sanitation, and environmental sanitation for fried rice seller. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, using data collection methods through field observations, in-depth interviews, and the results of documentation. The respondents used were Artomoro fried rice seller who had at least 3 months work experience and were directly involved in handling food. Based on the results of observations, it was found that employees had not properly implemented personal hygiene, such as not using aprons, gloves and head coverings. For the use of equipment is good enough, and store equipment in a clean place. In the selling area, trash is still scattered on the terraces of the stalls, moldy walls and trash cans with open conditions, but trash bins are routinely cleaned by changing the plastic waste every day.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОЛИМЕРНОГО СУПЕРАБСОРБЕНТА «АКВАСИН» НА РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ОЗДОРОВЛЕННЫХ ВИНОГРАДНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ БАЗИСНОГО МАТОЧНИКА

The article considers the effect of cross-linked copolymer of potassium and ammonium salts of acrylic acid "Aquasin" on in vitro healthy parent vine plants in open ground conditions. The research was carried out on the basis of Nizhnekundryuchensk department of experi-mental field of Potapenko Institute on native Don variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky. The pur-pose of the work was to study the feasibility of using hydrogel at the stage of planting vegeta-tive healthy grape plants in the open ground in sandy soils. At the same time, the effectiveness of its use at different stages of plant prepara-tion was evaluated – the superabsorbent was added directly when planting the basic parent vine plantation in open ground and the afteref-fect of the introduced absorbent was noted at the stage of adaptation of in vitro plants to non-sterile conditions. As a result, it was noted that the hydrogel added at the adaptation stage contributes to better survival and preservation of plants during the first two years of growing in the open ground. The addition of hydrogel directly during planting in the open ground en-sures better plant development during further operation of the parent vine plantation.

Creating and analyzing digital scans of a mandibulectomy cast with simulated trismus

Trismus associated with maxillofacial defects resulting from tumor resection or radiotherapy can make dental treatment uncomfortable for patients. Using an intraoral scanner instead of making a conventional impression could help to make prosthetic rehabilitation more comfortable. However, limited information is available regarding the feasibility and accuracy of intraoral scanners for scanning mandibular defects. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of using an intraoral scanner to digitize a cast of a mandibular defect under various simulated trismus conditions. An intraoral scanner was used to scan the mandibular cast under different simulated degrees of trismus (mouth opening 10, 20, and 30mm) and nontrismus (mouth opening 40mm). The surface areas captured were compared. The datasets were loaded into a 3-dimensional (3D) evaluation software program and then superimposed for precision analysis and on reference data for trueness analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare surface area captured, precision, and trueness of the measurement under the different mouth opening conditions (α=.05). The surface area for which 3D data were obtained by the intraoral scanner ranged from 3199.1 to 6161.6mm2. The area differed significantly under all mouth opening conditions (P=.001), with a smaller scanned surface area captured in severe trismus (10mm). Precision ranged from 0.032 to 0.056mm, and trueness from 0.037 to 0.076mm. No significant differences were seen in precision (P=.312), but significant differences were seen in trueness (P=.016) under all trismus conditions. Using an intraoral scanner appears feasible for digitizing mandibular defect casts with simulated mild and moderate trismus. The accuracy of the obtained data was clinically acceptable.

Dissipation kinetics, decontamination, consumer risk assessment and monitoring of flonicamid and imidacloprid residues in capsicum under open field and polyhouse condition.

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based detection of flonicamid, imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residues was validated and analysed in capsicum fruit, processed products and soil. The standard concentrations (0.0025 to 0.25 μg mL-1) of insecticides had a good linear curve (r2>0.99). Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.0025 and 0.01 mg kg-1, respectively. The accuracy (80.53 to 100.33 %) of capsicum matrices and soil (89.41 to 100.52 %) and precision (RSD <10%) were established. Dissipation of imidacloprid (20 and 40 g a.i. ha-1) and flonicamid (75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1) at single (X) and double dose (2X) was studied under open field and polyhouse conditions. Under open field conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with half-life of 1.98, 2.90 days (X) and 2.80, 3.14 (2X) days, respectively. While under polyhouse conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with a half-life of 2.84, 3.66 (X) and 3.24, 3.97 (2X) days, respectively. The metabolite, 6-CNA, was not detected in any samples under open field and polyhouse condition. Among decontamination treatments, cooking in boiling water for 10 minutes reduced 78 to 81.60 percent of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues in both doses. The estimated dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues (RQ <1) indicated that the risk is within the acceptable limit. In farmgate capsicum samples, residues of flonicamid (7 samples) and imidacloprid (11 samples) were detected. Market samples of capsicum products (powder, flakes and sauce) were not detected with residues of selected insecticides.

Nonlinear data-driven zero-thickness joint element for concrete dam shear keys

Shear keys have been designed into the contraction joints of many concrete gravity dams to provide interlocking and shear transfer between adjacent monoliths. Their shear transferring capacity is usually estimated as the friction and cohesion that can be mobilized across a 2D plane located at the base of the keys. Once the shear stress in the contraction joint exceeds its estimated shear capacity, the shear keys are typically considered failed, and the joint may subsequently only transfer shear through concrete-concrete friction. This behaviour is often simulated in practice by placing tiebreak contact formulations along contraction joints. However, the nonlinear response and potential residual strength of the keys are usually ignored. In this paper, a novel nonlinear zero-thickness joint element named Macro Shear Key Joint Element (MSKJE) is proposed to simulate the response of a detailed shear key while capturing its nonlinear behaviour. A detailed geometrical numerical model of shear keys using a concrete Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM) is first validated against experimental data. Then, a parametric analysis of the number of keys in the joint, confinement pressure, initial opening and lateral boundary condition is performed using the validated detailed shear key numerical models. The stress-displacement responses obtained from the parametric analysis are used to calibrate the proposed MSKJE. At the local shear key scale, the MSKJE models present a very similar stress-displacement response compared to the detailed geometrical key models in terms of stiffness, maximum shear capacity, residual strength and nonlinear softening. At the global dam scale, the MSKJE presents a somewhat similar behaviour to the conventional tiebreak formulations. However, the advantages of the MSKJE over the tiebreak contact include its capability to simulate the nonlinear softening of shear keys, and residual sliding displacement, and, once calibrated, it is not necessary to estimate the shear keys capacity a priori.

Utilizing Numerical Models and GIS to Enhance Information Management for Oil Spill Emergency Response and Resource Allocation in the Taiwan Waters

This study aims to establish a comprehensive workflow for developing emergency response plans for both actual and scenario oil spill incidents in the Taiwan waters while addressing the resource allocation for oil spill containment as well. This workflow comprises two vital components. The first component involves the integration of numerical tools and observational data, which includes the incorporation of wind data from sources such as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) or meteorological stations. Additionally, it incorporates ocean current data simulated by the semi-implicit cross-scale hydroscience integrated system model (SCHISM) into the general NOAA operational modeling environment (GNOME) model, which is a new approach for this purpose. In order to assess the efficacy of this component, two distinct case studies were conducted. The first case study focused on an incident in a northern coastal area of Taiwan under open sea conditions, whereas the second case study examined an incident within a major commercial harbor in central Taiwan. The second component of this workflow involves creating oil risk maps by integrating the results from the first component with specific geographical factors into Google Earth. These oil risk maps serve multiple purposes. They offer real-time information to emergency response commanders regarding oil spill hazard prediction, and they also enable the effective development of emergency response strategies and disposal plans for potential oil spill incidents. This is achieved by generating risk maps for various scenarios using the approach outlined in the first component. Additionally, these maps assist in the assessment and planning of resource allocation for oil containment.

Investigation of Heat Stress among Greenhouse Workers in Chhattisgarh, India

Greenhouse cultivation is spreading as it offers the grower a higher net yield per hectare from high quality crops as it reduces the likelihood of yield decline. The greenhouse is kept at 30-40˚ C with a relative humidity of up to 70%, which could be ideal for plant growth, but is not suitable for workers. Heat exposure in the workplace causes discomfort to the human while working. So, the main goal of conducting this research is to address the extent of heat stress and associated health issues for the greenhouse workers. The study was planned for 2022 in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. Prior to the assessment, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 50 greenhouse workers to learn perceptions of heat exposure, heat-related health issues and awareness of heat management. To get the heat exposure air temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature were measured on hourly basis. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was measured along with greenhouse workers' physiological parameters to quantify heat exposure. With the help of clock diagram showing Humidex Index (HI). The time period at which farmers most likely to suffer from heat stress was estimated. It was reported that in April, May, June, July, August and September WBGT index reaches varied between 30 and 34°C. According to ISO 7243 the recommended WBGT for comfortable workplace should be less than 31°C. Further study was conducted to get physiological responses of the 21 farm workers in three different type of greenhouses and at three time slots. It resulted that heart rate was maximum i.e. 156 bpm in walk in tunnel at 11 am to 1 pm. The average working heart rate was 20 % more than the open field condition. Hence, the study will help to make the strategies to reduce the exposure of heat stress conditions to the greenhouse workers.

Experimental study on frost heave characteristics and micro-mechanism of fine-grained soil under dynamic load for heavy-haul railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions

In seasonally frozen regions, there is frequent uneven frost heave of heavy haul railway subgrades, which reduces the smoothness of the track and affects the operational safety of trains. To clarify the frost heave characteristics and micro-mechanism of subgrade filling under the action of unidirectional freezing and dynamic loading, unidirectional freezing tests were performed on a fine-grained subgrade filling under open conditions, and the frost heave characteristics under different initial water contents and dynamic loads were analyzed. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied to analyze the development of local deformation at different locations in the samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were performed on the samples before and after freezing to reveal the development mechanism of the microstructure. The test results showed that with the increase in the initial water content and load amplitude, the frost heave increased, while the water replenishment and frost depth decreased. Combined with the PIV results, it was found that the soil in the frozen and unfrozen areas exhibited frost heave and compressive deformation, respectively, during the freezing process, further revealing the local deformation law of the soil. The samples mainly contained small pores and micropores before freezing and small pores and medium pores after freezing, indicating that the effect of freezing and swelling had the greatest influence on the small and medium pores inside the soil. The higher the initial water content, the higher the porosity of the sample after freezing; with the increase in the load amplitude, the porosity of the frozen samples decreased. The negative temperature effect of the change in phase from water to ice drove the particle movement, thereby increasing the inter-particle pore space, leading to a macroscopic frost heave deformation of the soil samples. Our results can serve as a basis in the maintenance and safety of railway subgrades in cold regions.

Thermal Image Analysis of Photovoltaic Panel for Condition Monitoring Using Hybrid Thermal Pixel Counting Algorithm and XGBoost Classifier

The use of thermal infrared imaging and the advancement of image processing techniques have developed fault diagnosis of Photo Voltaic (PV) panels without the need to incorporate expensive electrical detection circuitry. PV thermal image processing, supports in continuous monitoring of panels without disturbing the continuity of operation and mitigates the problem of manual inspection involved over a large area. The thermal pictures of photo voltaic panels are used to identify the nature of faults such as bypass diode, cell under fault condition, circuit which is under open condition, hot spot, polarization, Cracking, Corrosion, discoloring and delamination. An automatic PV Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) based condition monitoring systems with thermal image analysis is developed to identify and classify the different fault conditions such as Hotspot, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Discoloration, Delamination and Open Circuit. The proposed system involves a hybrid thermal pixel counting algorithm to identify the thermal patterns. The Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XGBoost) is used to detect the numerical characteristics of the captured image thermal variations to support in classification. The experimental results show that the proposed Hybrid Thermal Pixel Counting (HTPC) Algorithm with XGBOOST Classifier gives better detection accuracy with improved computational speed.

Analysis of the influence of side wall opening on the arch structure of metro station using the PBA method

In order to meet the traffic and commercial needs, it is sometimes necessary to open the side wall of the metro station, while the current research on the mechanical properties and safety of the arch caused by the opening of the side wall of the station by pile-beam-arch (PBA) method is rarely involved. In this paper, based on the Tianhe East Station project of Guangzhou Metro Line 11 located in soft-hard uneven stratum using PBA method, the settlement law and mechanical characteristics of the arch under different side wall opening conditions is analyzed, and the influence of opening construction and opening span on the safety of arch is also further studied. The results show that the settlement caused by the opening of the side wall is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the opening area, and gradually expands around the opening area with the increase of opening span, and the maximum settlement occurs in the middle part of the arch. Opening leads to the differential settlement at both ends of the arch. With the increase in opening span, the settlement growth trend of the right side of the arch is greater than that of the left side. The opening of the side wall leads to the increase of the safety factor of the arch body and the decrease of the safety factor of the right arch foot, while the change of the safety factor of the left arch foot is not obvious, and the safety factor meets the specification requirements.

Çakıldak Fındık Çeşidinin Corylus colurna L. Çöğür Anacı Üzerinde İlkbahar ve Yaz Döneminde Aşıyla Çoğaltılması

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the grafting success of hazelnut on Corylus colurna L. seedling rootstock in the spring and summer periods in Ünye, Ordu.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The rootstock material was 2-3 years old Corylus colurna L. seedlings. The scion was Çakıldak (Corylus avellana L.) cultivar. For three years (2020-2022) in the spring, whip grafting on five different dates (4 April, 11 April, 18 April, 25 April and 2 May) and patch budding on three different dates (2 May, 9 May and 16 May) were applied under unheated high plastic tunnel conditions. Daily fresh scions and stored scions (SS) at 4°C were used for whip grafting. For two years (2020 and 2021), Corylus colurna L. seedlings were grafted with patch budding technique on 3 different dates (August 6, August 13 and August 20) under open field conditions. Graftings and buddings were made directly on the tubed seedlings.&#x0D; Results: The success and shoot development in whip grafting and patch budding in the spring were significantly affected by grafting dates over three years. Whip graftings gave the most successful results using SS on April 4 (93.3%) and April 11 (86.6-93.3%) in 2020 and 2022. They developed shoots between 171.8 cm and 212.2 cm depending on year, grafting date and scion type. Patch buddings in the spring gave in the most successful results on 16 May 2020 (93.3%) and 16 May 2022 (83.3%). They developed shoots between 150 cm and 218, depending on year and grafting date. Patch buddings in summer resulted in the highest success on 20 August 2020 (93.6%) and 20 August 2021 (80%). Their shoot developments were between 206 cm and 228, depending on year and grafting date.&#x0D; Conclusion: As a result, successful results were obtained from grafting trials of Çakıldak hazelnut cultivar on Corylus colurna L. rootstock in the spring and summer periods under Ünye ecological conditions. It has been evaluated that the data will contribute to the establishment of the hazelnut nursery sector and will shed light on future research.

A non-Archimedean approach to K-stability, II: Divisorial stability and openness

Abstract To any projective pair ( X , B ) {(X,B)} equipped with an ample ℚ {\mathbb{Q}} -line bundle L (or even any ample numerical class), we attach a new invariant β ⁢ ( μ ) ∈ ℝ {\beta(\mu)\in\mathbb{R}} , defined on convex combinations μ of divisorial valuations on X, viewed as point masses on the Berkovich analytification of X. The construction is based on non-Archimedean pluripotential theory, and extends the Dervan–Legendre invariant for a single valuation – itself specializing to Li and Fujita’s valuative invariant in the Fano case, which detects K-stability. Using our β-invariant, we define divisorial (semi)stability, and show that divisorial semistability implies ( X , B ) {(X,B)} is sublc (i.e. its log discrepancy function is non-negative), and that divisorial stability is an open condition with respect to the polarization L. We also show that divisorial stability implies uniform K-stability in the usual sense of (ample) test configurations, and that it is equivalent to uniform K-stability with respect to all norms/filtrations on the section ring of ( X , L ) {(X,L)} , as considered by Chi Li.

Effect of Scion Dip Treatments and Growing Condition on Physiological Parameter of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Wedge Graft cv. Dashehari

The current study was carried out on wedge grafting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari during the2022-23 at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV Jabalpur. This research includes the use of many different plant growth regulators, ZnSo4, and growing conditions. The research was carried out using a statistical design known as Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).The primary objective of this study is to determine the influence that different scion dip treatments and growing conditions have on the physiological characteristics of the plant. According to the findings, among the various treatments, IAA 200 ppm + ZnSo4 500 ppm under shade net condition was proved superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content index (27,18.5), leaf area duration (2720.67 cm2/day, 2,620.67 cm2/day), leaf area index (8.65,1035) and light transmission ratio (24.05,18.15) at 60 and 120 days after grafting (DAG). It was also noticed that scion dip treatments with IAA 200 ppm in combination with ZnSo4 500 ppm under the shade net condition were favorable as compared to the open condition.

Improving solid waste management in remote First Nations communities through inventory-theory-based optimization

Solid waste management (SWM) is crucially important for sustainable development and the environmental management system in First Nations (FN) communities and reserves. This research developed an inventory-theory-based optimization model under uncertainty for SWM to support FN communities. The model can be used to pick the most appropriate facilities and the most optimal waste destination for achieving minimum system cost. The opening conditions of SWM facilities depend on the situation to satisfy the demand for solid waste treatment. The economic order quantity model is combined with the developed model to determine the optimal batch size and order cycle to minimize inventory costs. The facility selection and waste allocation in the normal and winter seasons under different risk levels can all be obtained from the developed model. These solutions can guide professionals in analyzing the trade-offs between system cost and constraint-violation risks in management and operation.

Experimental Study on Sleep Quality in Naturally Ventilated Rooms under Moderate Climate Conditions

Optimizing the thermal environment of a bedroom is desirable for good sleep. In moderate climatic conditions, natural ventilation is a viable method for enhancing the quality of sleep by improving indoor air conditions. This study examined the effects of air temperature and wind speed on sleep quality in naturally ventilated rooms with windows open and closed, during autumn. Thirteen young males in healthy conditions participated in this study. Two adjacent test rooms (for opened and closed conditions) were selected on a university campus, with standardized indoor conditions. Air temperature and wind speed were measured near the height of the participants’ heads. Sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were calculated using physiological wearable sensors based on heart rate and body movement. The participants completed questionnaires on thermal sensation and comfort before and after sleep. The results showed that the lowest percentage of WASO was observed when the nocturnal mean temperature was 23–24°C with a quadratic regression curve regardless of the window opening conditions. Conversely, subjective sleep satisfaction and WASO did not show any significant differences between the conditions. The results revealed no significant impact of varying thermal and airflow conditions during autumn on thermal/airflow comfort, although significant differences were observed in the thermal/airflow sensation before and after sleep. Thus, these results suggest that natural ventilation through the opening of windows might not affect thermal/airflow comfort, while a nocturnal indoor air temperature of 23–24°C is recommended for good sleep and thermal comfort, regardless of window opening conditions under moderate climate conditions.

Using bio-based fertilizer derived from peri‑urban wastes affects soil properties and lettuce yield and quality

The use of waste-derived fertilizers, also known as bio-based fertilizers (BBFs), for the production of ready-to-eat vegetables can efficiently contribute to sustainability and circularity. However, studies on the efficiency and safety of these fertilizers are needed. Thus, this study aimed to examine and characterize the effects of combined application of BBFs on lettuce yield and quality and soil properties in a trial conducted under open field conditions. The eight experimental treatments included green- or food waste compost combined with either human urine, food waste digestate or synthetic fertilizer and compared to treatments with synthetic fertilizer alone or in combination with manure. The control treatment received no BBF or other type of fertilizer. The results showed statistically similar fresh lettuce yields after 48 days among the treatments, all of which were larger than the yield of the unfertilized control treatment. The highest fresh yield (73 t ha−1) was observed with the combination of manure and synthetic fertilizer. Yield in treatments that received green waste or food waste composts tended to decrease slightly, more likely due to nitrogen immobilization after the application of incompletely stabilized composts and the low initial mineral N. Nitrate contents in fresh lettuce leaves were below the EU limits (3000 mg kg−1) in all the treatments. Analysis of pathogens and trace elements present in aboveground lettuce showed no significant risk. The application of BBFs also appeared to maintain the soil pH compared to synthetic fertilizer treatments. The important nutrient and carbon contents of BBFs and their positive effect on lettuce yield associated with their non-harmful impact on lettuce quality suggest that BBFs can be used for vegetable production and to increase the soil carbon stocks and contribute to city sustainability.

Catalyst‐Free Regioselective C3−H Benzoxylation of 1H‐Indoles with Benzoyl Peroxide

AbstractAn efficient catalyst‐free C−O bond formation reaction for the synthesis of 1H‐indol‐3‐yl benzoates was developed through C(sp2)−H functionalization of 1H‐indoles with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in acetonitrile at room temperature under open flask conditions. The reaction proceeds without exclusion of air or moisture and is applied to a wide array of electronically differentiated indoles as well as BPOs. C3 benzoxylation of indoles was achieved with excellent regioselectivity under mild and easy to operate conditions. The reaction is scalable to one gram level.

Revisioning Fitness through a Relational Community of Practice: Conditions of Possibility for Access Intimacies and Body-Becoming Pedagogies through Art Making

ReVisioning Fitness is a research project and community of practice (CoP) working to reconceptualize “fitness” through a radical embrace of difference (e.g., trans, non-binary, queer, Black, people of colour, disabled, and/or fat, thick/thicc, curvy, plus sized), and a careful theorising of inclusion and access. Our collaborative and arts-based work mounts collective resistance against the dominant power relations that preclude bodymind differences within so-called “fitness” spaces. In this work, we build queer, crip, and thick/thicc alliances by centring relational and difference-affirming approaches to fitness, fostering a radical CoP that supports dissent to be voiced, access intimacies to form, and capacitating effects of body-becoming pedagogies to be set in motion. In this article, we consider how conditions of possibility both co-created and inherited by researchers, collaborators, and the research context itself contributed to what unfolded in our project and art making (multimedia storytelling). By a radical CoP, we mean that we mobilise a more relational and difference-affirming notion of CoP than others have described, which often has involved the reification of sameness and the stabilisation of hierarchies. Further, we call on leaders in fitness organisations to open conditions of possibility in their spaces to allow for alternative futures of fitness that centre difference.

Numerical study on scroll vortex intake with partially or fully sealed cover of vortex chamber

When installed in deep tunnel systems, the cover of the vortex dropshaft may be partially or fully sealed. With air exchange restricted through the cover, the air supply to the dropshaft through the inflow channel might not be adequate. Hence, further investigation is required to examine the effect of the restricted air passage through the cover on the flow regimes and hydraulic performance of the scroll vortex dropshaft. This study aims to quantify the head-discharge relationship, air-water distribution, and minimum air core size with different cover opening conditions. The 3D model of a fully open scroll vortex dropshaft is constructed, and numerical simulations are carried out and validated using experiment data. The results show that the effect is generally small when the ratio of the opening and dropshaft area is larger than 1%. When the cover is fully sealed, the minimum air core size reduces by ~5% of the dropshaft area which can have a serious implication to the design of the scroll vortex dropshaft. The present study provides a practical evaluation of the effect of the opening condition in the cover of the vortex chamber on the performance of scroll vortex dropshafts for underground water drainage systems..