Conditions For Existence Research Articles

Философское осмысление национального менталитета как культурного феномена

The relevance of the chosen topic is due, firstly, to the theoretical and methodological uncertainty and ambiguity of the categories “mentality” and “culture”; secondly, by new challenges of modernity and unpredictable and rapidly changing conditions of existence. Modern intercultural and intercivilizational interaction acquires a confrontational character and prevents the establishment of dialogue. The aim of the study is to consider the national mentality and its relationship with culture from the point of view of a philosophical approach. The interaction of mentality and culture is realised through language, traditions, customs, art, social relations. The author concludes that the maintenance of such qualities in the national mentality as stability and at the same time adaptability, in the context of the contradictory processes of globalisation and regionalization, will develop a respectful attitude of nations to each other and preserve their uniqueness.

Dynamical analysis of a predator-prey system with prey vigilance and hunting cooperation in predators.

In this work, we propose a predator-prey system with a Holling type Ⅱ functional response and study its dynamics when the prey exhibits vigilance behavior to avoid predation and predators exhibit cooperative hunting. We provide conditions for existence and the local and global stability of equilibria. We carry out detailed bifurcation analysis and find the system to experience Hopf, saddle-node, and transcritical bifurcations. Our results show that increased prey vigilance can stabilize the system, but when vigilance levels are too high, it causes a decrease in the population density of prey and leads to extinction. When hunting cooperation is intensive, it can destabilize the system, and can also induce bi-stability phenomenon. Furthermore, it can reduce the population density of both prey and predators and also change the stability of a coexistence state. We provide numerical experiments to validate our theoretical results and discuss ecological implications.

On the Structure of Feedback Potential Difference Games

A static potential game is a non-cooperative game for which there exists a fictitious function, also referred to as a potential function, whose optimizers provide a Nash equilibrium of the associated non-cooperative game. In this paper, we study non-zero-sum finite-horizon difference games with feedback information structure which admit a potential game structure. We provide conditions for the existence of an optimal control problem such that the optimal solution of this problem provides a feedback Nash equilibrium of the corresponding non-cooperative game. We specialize the obtained results to a linear-quadratic setting so as to obtain these verifiable existence conditions in terms of the problem data. Finally, we illustrate our results using a network flow control problem.

Limit Cycle of a Single-Neuron System With Smooth Continuous and Binary-Value Activation Functions and Its Circuitry Design.

In this brief, we investigate the limit cycle of a single-neuron system with smooth continuous and binary-value activation functions and its circuit design. By transforming the system into Liénard-type and using Poincaré-Bendixson theorem as well as the symmetry of these systems, we obtain the existence conditions of limit cycle of the system. Then, by comparing the integral value of the differential of positive definite function along two assumed limit cycles, we prove that the system cannot produce two coexisting limit cycles, which means that the system has at most one limit cycle. In addition, according to the two specific functions, i.e., smooth continuous and binary-value activation functions of the system, we give the numerical simulation and realize the circuit design of the single-neuron system by using Multisim modeling, respectively. The waveform diagram and phase diagram of the numerical simulation and circuit simulation are obtained. By comparing the results of numerical and circuit simulation, the effectiveness of our mathematical analysis and the feasibility of circuit design are better illustrated.

Analysis of a hybrid fractional coupled system of differential equations in $ n $-dimensional space with linear perturbation and nonlinear boundary conditions

<abstract><p>In this paper, we investigated $ n $-dimensional fractional hybrid differential equations (FHDEs) with nonlinear boundary conditions in a nonlinear coupled system. For this purpose, we used Dhage's fixed point theory, and applied the Krasnoselskii-type coupled fixed point theorem to construct existence conditions of the solution of the FHDEs. To illustrated this idea, suitable examples are presented in $ 3 $-dimensional space at the end of the paper.</p></abstract>

Approaching the Global Nash Equilibrium of Non-convex Multi-player Games.

Many machine learning problems can be formulated as non-convex multi-player games. Due to non-convexity, it is challenging to obtain the existence condition of the global Nash equilibrium (NE) and design theoretically guaranteed algorithms. This paper studies a class of non-convex multi-player games, where players' payoff functions consist of canonical functions and quadratic operators. We leverage conjugate properties to transform the complementary problem into a variational inequality (VI) problem using a continuous pseudo-gradient mapping. We prove the existence condition of the global NE as the solution to the VI problem satisfies a duality relation. We then design an ordinary differential equationto approach the global NE with an exponential convergence rate. For practical implementation, we derive a discretized algorithm and apply it to two scenarios: multi-player games with generalized monotonicity and multi-player potential games. In the two settings, step sizes are required to be O(1/k) and O(1/√k) to yield the convergence rates of O(1/ k) and O(1/√k), respectively. Extensive experiments on robust neural network training and sensor network localization validate our theory. Our code is available at https://github.com/GuanpuChen/Global-NE.

Fear induce bistability in an ecoepidemiological model involving prey refuge and hunting cooperation

This work included a prey-predator eco-epidemiological model where the predator exhibits hunting cooperation factor, and the infected prey exhibits refuge and fear factors. By merging these factors, we endeavor to prove a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that command the stability and dynamics of ecoepidemiological systems. Mathematically the positiveness and boundedness of system solution are established. Existence conditions of system equilibria and their stability are found and analyzed by testing the characteristic equations of the system. Also, numerical simulation is carried out and which showed bistability and different stability behavior of the system as results of the effect of the system’s parameters.

Stability Results for Nonlinear Implicit ϑ-Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with Fractional Integral Boundary Conditions

This article examines the necessary conditions for the unique existence of solutions to nonlinear implicit ϑ-Caputo fractional differential equations accompanied by fractional order integral boundary conditions. The analysis draws upon Banach’s contraction principle and Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem. Furthermore, the circumstances leading to the attainment of Ulam–Hyers–Rassias forms of stability are established. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the derived findings.

Состояние кормовой базы бентосоядных рыб малого водоема на водосборе Онежского озера (Республика Карелия)

Knowledge of the conditions of fish existence, one of the elements of which are the conditions of their fattening, allows us to determine the ways of rational use of fish production resources of the reservoir. The research was carried out by means of complex expedition observations in the summer-autumn period of 2017-2021 in the catchment area of Lake Onega (Lake Munozero, Republic of Karelia). The main criterion for assessing the productivity of reservoir is the indicator of the average biomass of macrozoobenthos. For Lake Munozero, it is equal to 3.6 g/m2 in the littoral zone, and 2.73 in the deep-water part. The average number of bottom organisms reaches 2.73 thousand specimens/m2 in the coastal zone of the reservoir, 1.14 thousand specimens/m2 in the profundal. Gastropods (34.9%) and equal–legged crayfish (22.4%) play a significant role in the composition of the biomass of the coastal zone of the lake. The remaining groups of macrozoobenthos are inferior to Gastropoda and Isopoda. Thus, larvae of large-winged insects make up 12.5% of the total biomass, and larvae of chironomids – 10.7%. Representatives of other groups of aquatic invertebrates: small-scale worms, beetles, mayflies, etc. – in the feed supply, they have practically no value and account for less than 6% of benthos biomass. In the deep-water part of the reservoir, the value of relict crustaceans in the macrozoobenthos should be noted in terms of food. Amphipods in terms of biomass 2.7 g/m2 (98%), with a population of 1 thousand individuals/m2 (89.5% of the total number of macrozoobenthos) significantly exceed all the present groups of benthic fauna, which forms the basis of the food base for the ichthyofauna of Profundal. The main importance in the taxonomic composition of the macrozoobenthos of the reservoir are aquatic insect larvae. Quantitatively, among all groups of zoobenthos, the larvae of chironomids or bell mosquitoes (family Chironomidae) dominate, which are not only widespread in the lake, but at the same time achieve a fairly large qualitative diversity. The data obtained can be used to assess fish stocks in Lake Munozero.

Methodological approach to determining promising “quarry cavities – backfill material” systems on the territory of Ukraine

The research is aimed at identifying promising “quarry cavities – backfill material” systems on the territory of Ukraine. Currently, the existing reclamation methods for quarry cavities do not provide for the earth’s surface level complete restoration. A number of industrial wastes, the accumulation of which is increasing rapidly, are potential backfill materials. An insufficiently studied and promising method for restoring the earth’s surface level is the formation of a backfill mass in quarry cavities, which can provide geomechanical stability. Nevertheless, in order to develop directions for backfilling, it is necessary to have information on the spatial distribution of quarry cavities and potential backfill materials on the territory of Ukraine, which is also insufficiently studied today. The paper forms and reveals a theoretical idea about the “quarry cavities – backfill material” systems. A number of important conditions for the harmonious existence and effective implementation of the specified promising systems are characterized. The methodology for creating the basis of an information-analytical map is presented, and the principles for determining and characterizing its main constituent elements are given. A new information-analytical map of the spatial location of potential backfill materials and formed quarry cavities on the territory of Ukraine has been created, on the basis of which possible “quarry cavities – backfill material” systems have been identified. It has been determined that today on the territory of Ukraine, for the earth’s surface level complete restoration, it is expedient to consider the formation of a backfill mass in quarry cavities in 12 districts, where there are promising “quarry cavities – backfill material” systems. The concept of a complete restoration development of the earth’s surface disturbed by mining operations in certain potential systems is possible under conditions of synergistic interaction between public authorities and private business. The practical result obtained is an important basis for creating an effective mechanism and effective measures for a complete restoration of the earth’s surface state, which will contribute to strengthening the international image of Ukraine as a responsible and environmentally conscious country.

THE ROLE OF CRISES IN THE CITY'S FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES

The article presents the systematization of crises events arising in the process of functioning and development of the city as a complex system with a large number of different components interacting in a dynamic manner. The city is analyzed as an object that consists of a multitude of systems and subsystems, whose life interests on one hand foster development and on the other, limit each other's growth. As they change under the pressure of external and internal factors, these elements encounter limitations imposed by adjacent systems, leading to conflicts in the life interests of the city's subsystems. In this case, the contradictions are necessary and inevitable conditions for the development of any system, providing its mutability under changing external conditions of existence. Practically, they act as the driving force of development, prompting the system to alter its properties. City risks losing its ability to adapt and becoming vulnerable to external influences and internal disturbances. The study uses ideas taken from systems theory and synergetics, which allow for conclusions that the city as a system demonstrates a classic case of the "Law of Unity and Conflict of Opposites", where there is a constant balancing between the need to maximize self-preservation and survive in a changing world. On the other hand ‒ the aspiration for changes, sometimes leading to crisis. These systemic contradictions can be resolved by sophisticated regulation or can be exacerbated by wrong decisions. This approach offers new horizons for urban planning, where every step should be deliberate and aimed at providing sustainable development, consolidation of the social structure and a higher quality of life for citizens. With this perspective, city governments can transform potential crises into opportunities for the development and modernization of urban environments.

The Problem of Transmitting Church Tradition in the Works by Sergey Fudel

The article is dedicated to one of the most relevant issues in religious thought—the preservation of church tradition. The interest in this issue became particularly acute for Russian religious thinkers of the 20th century, who witnessed radical changes in living conditions and collective consciousness. The article examines the interpretation of the issue in the works by Sergey Fudel (1900–1977), a church writer and carrier of pre-revolutionary Russian culture. He had communication with outstanding spiritual figures spanning the late 19th to the 20th centuries, confessors of faith, and new martyrs. The church and historical context of Fudel’s works is explored, clarifying the connection between the writer’s views on the transmission of church tradition, his own biography, the figures of his mentors, and the existence conditions for the persecuted Church, evidenced in Fudel’s writings. The article sheds light on the writer’s response to changes in the conditions of church life in the mid-20th century and the feeling of a “generation gap” that emerged in him. It reconstructs Fudel’s notion of the “monastery in the world” as an environment where church tradition is preserved. The correlation between Fudel’s concept of church tradition and his ecclesiological views is illuminated. The research findings lead to the conclusion that the phenomenon of the “hidden Church” as an alliance of “two or three” disciples of Christ was not, in Fudel’s view, a temporary solution stemming from the era of persecutions. Instead, the writer regarded such an experience as an exposition of the Church’s original teaching about itself and an enduring model of church relations. Like many others, Fudel acknowledged the providential significance of trials undergone by the Russian Church. However, he insisted that the experience of the “hidden Church” revealed the original teaching of the Church about itself, preserved throughout the ages. The article also considers the relationship between Fudel’s views and other approaches to the “generation gap” problem. Fudel’s evaluation of previous eras, marked by the “external prosperity” of Christianity, allows characterization of his attitude towards various concepts of tradition, both classical, tracing back to the times of the Byzantine Empire, and those contemporary to the writer.

Media in the Structure of Metaverse and Control of Digital Communication

The article examines the attempts to create metaverses and the transformation of the media existence conditions and society in terms of the rapid transition of everyday actions into digital formats. Today, there is an obvious trend towards involving governments in digital media communications while increasing regulation of digital platforms. However, in a world of growing media diversity and the involvement of an increasing number of people involved into creation of digital content, it is difficult to exercise control. Moreover, the forecasts of sociologists and futurologists regarding the dangers to society are disappointing. In the article, the author tried to identify the factors and characterize the most obvious media practices of communication transformation. The article identifies the media trends that appeared during the metaverses creation and transition of social practices to the digital world. Summarizing the analysis of media practices, content analysis of media publications on the topic of technological progress and statistical data, the author of the article emphasizes that the process of creating digital ecosystems and metaverses is not a technological process, but primarily a cultural one. In addition, enhancing digital technologies changes not only the life of an individual, but also political systems.

Thermodynamic topology and photon spheres in the hyperscaling violating black holes

It was shown that a standard ring of light can be imagined outside the event horizon for stationary rotating four-dimensional black holes with axial symmetry using the topological method (Cunha, 2020; Wei and Shao-Wen, 2020). Based on this concept, in this paper, we investigate the topological charge and the conditions of existence of the photon sphere (PS) for a hyperscaling violation (HSV) black hole with various values of the parameters of this model. Then, after carrying out a detailed analysis, we show the conventional topological classes viz Q=−1 for the mentioned black hole and Q=0 for the naked singularities. Also, we propose a new topological class for naked singularities (Q=+1) with respect toz≥1. We also determined thatz≥2, it either shows a naked singularity form with total topological charge+1or has no solution. Therefore, we have the black hole solution only in1≤z<2. Then, we will use two different methods, namely the temperature (Duan’s topological current Φ-mapping theory) and the generalized Helmholtz free energy method, to study the topological classes of our black hole. By considering the black hole mentioned, we discuss the critical and zero points (topological charges and topological numbers) for different parameters of hyperscaling violating black holes, such as (z,θ¯) and other free parameters, and study their thermodynamic topology. We observe that for a given value of the parameters 1≤z<2, θ¯, and other free parameters, there exist two total topological charges (Qtotal=−1,0) with the same phase structure for the T method and total topological numbers (W=+1) for the generalized Helmholtz free energy method. Additionally, we summarize the results for each study as photon sphere, temperature, and generalized Helmholtz free energy in some figures and tables. Finally, we compare our findings with other related studies in the literature.

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF TWO-PART DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH EXPONENTIAL NONLINEARITY

For a two-term nonautonomous ordinary differential equation of the fourth order with an exponential nonlinearity of the form y(4) = α0p0(t)[1 + r(t)]eσy where α0 ∈ {−1,1}, σ ≠ 0, the function p0(t) is continuous or continuously differentiable and nonzero in some left neighbourhood of ω (ω ≤ +∞), r(t) is a continuous function such that limt↑ωr(t) = 0, the asymptotic behaviour at t↑ω of one class of Pω(Y0, λ0)-solutions is studied. For this equation, in [1], the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such solutions were obtained in the case when λ0 ∈ R∖ {0, 1/2, 2/3, 1}. The proof of sufficient conditions for existence was carried out under some additional conditions that are quite strict. The aim of this paper is to improve the results obtained in [1] for sufficient conditions of existence. An attempt is made to extend the results of this paper to conditions that are less stringent. In contrast to [1], the proof of the main result in this paper assumes that there is a finite or infinite limit limt↑ω πω(t)q’(t). The equation under study is reduced to a system of equations for which it is necessary to determine the existence of solutions vanishing at infinity. This fact is established using the known results of [2]. The question of the number of solutions of the equation with the found asymptotic images is also solved.

Cooperation and Coordination in Threshold Public Goods Games with Asymmetric Players

In this paper, we study cooperation and coordination in a threshold public goods game with asymmetric players where players have different endowments ei, productivities pi, and rewards ri. In general, this game has a defective Nash equilibrium (NE), in which no one contributes, and multiple cooperative NEs, in which the group’s collective contribution equals the threshold. We then study how multiple dimensions of inequality influence people’s cooperation and coordination. We show that heterogeneity in eipi can promote cooperation in the sense that the existence condition of the defective NE becomes stricter. Furthermore, players with higher eipi are likely to contribute more at a cooperative NE in terms of collective contribution (i.e., absolute contribution multiplied by productivity).

Functional observer design for T-S fuzzy neutral systems

In this paper, a new fuzzy Functional observer is developed for nonlinear neutral systems. Also, the existence conditions for it are studied. The delay-dependent stability of this observer is guaranteed by the combination of the solution of the Sylvester equation and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability approach. The parameters of the studied observer are obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The performance of the approach developed in this paper is demonstrated at the end of the paper by numerical examples.

Lessons of liberation struggles and legal ideas of Ukrainians in the 19th century for today

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to characterize the main ideological currents and legal doctrines of the 19th century, as well as to identify positive practices for improving the legal awareness and legal culture of Ukrainians in today's conditions. In view of the fact that in the 19th century the ideas of sobornost - the unity of ethnic Ukrainian lands were formed, the ideas of republicanism and people's rule were developed, some of these ideas should be included in the basis of the legal ideology of today. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of historicism, objectivity, complexity, a problem-chronological approach, as well as a complex of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods. Results. It has been established that for Ukrainians, a combination of various worldviews and state legal ideas is traditional, in particular liberalism, conservatism, social democracy, and nationalism itself (it took shape as a separate movement only in the 1920s and 1930s). The historically formed pluralism of views regarding the solution of social, economic and political issues has always been characterized by the dominance of a single idea - the unity of ethnic Ukrainian lands and the establishment of a sovereign state on their territory. Therefore, the idea of ethnic unity, a single state Ukrainian language, preservation of historical memory should not be a condition, but an obligation in the conditions of existence of the modern state of Ukraine. Freedom of speech, people's rule, as well as Christian ethics and morality are the main and traditional values characteristic of the Ukrainian state-legal opinion. The protection of these values takes place in today's conditions. Originality. Historically determined conceptual approaches to the understanding of the state, which were formed in the 19th century, have been identified. and can be included in the modern legal ideology of Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

The space of Hardy-weights for quasilinear equations: Maz’ya-type characterization and sufficient conditions for existence of minimizers

The space of Hardy-weights for quasilinear equations: Maz’ya-type characterization and sufficient conditions for existence of minimizers

Цифровизация строительных организаций: технологии и опыт

In order to maintain the positive dynamics of the construction industry, the government is stimulating the development of the digital economy. In the interests of strengthening themselves and reducing the negative impact of the dynamic environment, construction companies are vectoring towards changing their business management mechanisms, seeking to be the first to benefit from changing circumstances. The study of best practices of digitalization in construction allows us to say that modern digital technologies can be successfully used at various stages of the life cycle of a capital construction project. By focusing on the qualifications of the engaged employees, keeping abreast of the technologies present in the industry, used by other construction participants and developing them and the corporate culture of the company, carrying out the transformation of the company's business processes, including digital, aligning it with its strategy, companies implement their activities taking into account today's realities. They become the most flexible, able to overcome unexpected obstacles without becoming dependent on changing conditions of existence.