Reverse Conditions Research Articles

Synergistic effect of hydrogen spillover and nano-confined AlH3 on room temperature hydrogen storage in MOFs: By GCMC, DFT and experiments

In order to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) under moderate conditions, a high-throughput screen was used to evaluate 7622 MOFs with a Pore Limit Diameter (PLD) greater than 2.89 Å and less than 10 Å. The hydrogen adsorption capacity at 25 °C and 1 bar was calculated using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) to comprehensively evaluate the effect of pore structure characteristics on the hydrogen storage capacity of MOFs. The optimal composite mass ratio between carbon-based materials, transition metals, and MOFs was determined by Density Functional Theory (DFT). The mechanism of hydrogen spillover affecting the hydrogen storage capacity of MOFs was analyzed by preparation, characterization, and hydrogen adsorption capacity testing. To further enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of MOFs composites and improve the kinetic properties and reversibility of metal hydrides, aluminum hydride (AlH3) was nano-confined in MOF@carbon matrix material@transition metal to form new nano-confined composites with improved dehydrogenation temperature and reduced reversibility conditions. The results showed that MOFs with a PLD in the range of 7–10 Å, porosity in the range of 0.75–0.90, and pore volume in the range of 1.4–2.2 cm3/g possess high hydrogen storage capacity. Compared to pristine MOFs, the hydrogen storage capacity of the composites with induced hydrogen spillover is at least 5 times higher. The new composites with improved kinetic hydrogen release characteristics after nano-confined AlH3 achieve reversible hydrogen release at 150 °C and 70 bar.

Outlook for Dielectric/SiC Interfaces for Future Generation MOSFETs

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) power devices such as metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) require a stable and low defect-density interface, and a high-quality dielectric, for good device performance and reliability. Notably, the interface and dielectric properties determine the threshold voltage stability, the field-effect channel mobility, and the device lifetime as limited by dielectric breakdown in both the forward on-state and reverse blocking conditions. Here we discuss the present state of SiC MOS processing and properties and point to directions for future development. Important items to address are: 1) interface passivation approaches; 2) dielectrics; 3) device design; and 4) in-depth measurements of the interface quality and reliability.

Nanomanipulation of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles on GaN

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known for its high surface area to volume ratio which acts as an excellent receptor when placed in between electrodes in sensors application. Microelectrodes which are bar and needle shape pointed ends with two arrangements; comb and castle wall configurations were designed to be used for fabrication of electrodes to observe the relation between geometry of electrodes and dielectrophoretic of AuNPs on p-gallium nitride (GaN) substrates. The dielectrophoretic behaviour and electrical properties were analysed before and after the drop cast of AuNPs using current-voltage (I-V) curve method with manual probing. Resistance values of each sample were calculated under reverse bias condition. The effect of design on the nanomanipulation of AuNPs will be discussed.

0186 Continuous Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Signal Detection Performance on a Military Go/No-Go Task

Abstract Introduction Repetitive transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging non-pharmacological treatment method utilized to treat multiple clinical diagnoses to include anxiety, depression, and now insomnia. As part of a larger project, we showed that a single rTMS stimulation with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to the default mode network (DMN) was associated with improved sleep. However, there is little known about potential effects on attention and vigilance because of cTBS to the DMN. We hypothesized that active cTBS would have no significant impact on signal detection tasks post-TMS administration. Methods Twenty adults with clinical insomnia completed this study (Mage=26.90, SD=6.56). Participants completed two overnight visits in total; one where they received active cTBS and one where they received sham cTBS over an easily accessible node of the DMN (left angular gyrus). We analyzed signal detection performance utilizing a Go-No-Go (GNG) task. Three variables were calculated as a result: hit rate, correct rejection rate, and false alarm rate. Higher scores on hit rate and correct rejection rate indicate higher correct responses. Higher scores on false alarm rate indicates a higher number of incorrect responses. We conducted a repeated measures ANOVA with factors of condition, administration, and reversal. Results There was no main effect of condition on GNG hit rate (F(1,17)=1.365, p=.259, ηp2 =.074), GNG false alarm rate (F(1,17)=.210, p=.091, ηp2 =.244), or GNG correct rejection rate (F(1, 17)=1.677, p=.213, ηp2 =.090). We also found there were no significant interaction effects of TMS condition on performance on reversal conditions for GNG hit rate (F(1,17)=0.45, p=.834, ηp2 =.003), GNG false alarm rate (F(1,17)=1.572, p=.227, ηp2 =.085), or GNG correct rejection rate (F(1, 17)=1.510, p=.236, ηp2 =.082). Posthoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that participants did not significantly differ on GNG hit rate, false alarm rate, or correct rejection rate between their active cTBS and sham cTBS session (p>.05). Conclusion Active cTBS was not significantly associated with any decline in response inhibition or signal detection. It is helpful for future recipients to know they are not adversely affected in attention or vigilance after receiving cTBS rTMS of the DMN for treatment of insomnia. Support (if any) W81XWH2010173

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Gestation alters kidney and urine system architecture and function, generating several symptoms and disorders. Functional or structural issues induce obstructed uropathy. Pregnancy may induce hydronephrosis, hydroureter, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, pelviureteric junction (PUJ) blockage, bladder tumour, ank discomfort, fever, urine retention, hematuria, dysuria, and/or numerous symptoms. Physiological changes during in pregnancies must be categorised. We reviewed the medical records of 25 pregnant women with obstructive uropathy from September 2020 to September 2022.Participants averaged 26+4.2 years. Multigravid 80%. 84% and 76% had lower urinary tract pain. 76% were treated conservatively. 20% of 24% of interventional study participants needed DJ stents and 4% used PCN. Obstructive uropathy is a potentially reversible condition. Conservative therapy alone heals most pregnant obstructive uropathy patients.

Tamoxifen-Induced Cutaneous Vasculitis—A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature

AbstractTamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and forms the mainstay of endocrine therapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer in both adjuvant and metastatic setting. Common adverse effects are menopausal symptoms with venous thrombosis and endometrial carcinoma being rarer but more sinister complications. Vasculitis is a rarely reported reaction to tamoxifen. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman with locally advanced breast cancer, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant paclitaxel. She was on maintenance tamoxifen and leuprolide for 3 months, when she presented with pruritic bilateral maculopapular rash over all her limbs, legs more than hands. A skin biopsy from the left lower limb confirmed the diagnosis of vasculitis. Tamoxifen was stopped, and patient was switched to letrozole and leuprolide. She was given antihistamines, antibiotics, fusidic acid, vitamin C, and topical steroids. The lesions resolved completely in 1 month after stoppage of tamoxifen. We report this rare side effect of tamoxifen so that oncologists can effectively diagnose and treat this distressing but reversible condition.

Deep learning predictions of unsteady aerodynamic loads on an airfoil model pitched over the entire operating range

For the design and certification of wind turbines, it is essential to provide fast and accurate unsteady aerodynamic load prediction models for the whole operational range of angle of attack, up to 180° for vertical-axis and 90° for horizontal-axis wind turbines. This work describes a computationally efficient unsteady forces prediction model based on a deep learning approach, namely the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) algorithm, for an airfoil pitched over the full operational range of angles of attack up to 180°. No model has been developed to capture the unsteady forces at high angles of attack. Novel features based on operating conditions and the steady polars of the airfoil are used as inputs for the BiLSTM model. Direct measurements of steady and unsteady forces on a NACA 0021 airfoil model were conducted at reduced frequencies up to 0.075 and a Reynolds number of 120 000 in an open-jet wind tunnel for model learning and testing. The unsteady forces vary significantly from the steady values at high pitching amplitudes and post-stall angles, which, if not accounted for when simulating wind turbine performance, would result in inaccurate predictions. Furthermore, measurements revealed the effect of unsteady vorticity development and shedding on aerodynamic forces under forward and reverse flow conditions. The BiLSTM model is capable of capturing the underlying physics of unsteady aerodynamic forces under extreme operating conditions.

Long-term results of a post-partum bilateral Garden 4 femoral neck fracture in a young woman with transient osteoporosis treated with closed reduction and internal fixation

Bilateral femoral neck fractures are very rare conditions. In our knowledge, only five cases were reported of bilateral acute femoral neck fracture secondary to transient osteoporosis. The present case is the first with a long-term follow up after treatment with closed reduction and internal fixation. A 32-year-old women was admitted to the emergency orthopedic clinic due to severe pain in both hips and an inability to walk one-day post-partum. Clinical examination revealed bilateral externally rotated legs and X-ray showed bilateral Garden 4 displaced subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur. The patient was operated on urgently by closed reduction and internal fixation. Osteoporosis was found in the measurements of bone mineral density and bisphosphonate with vitamin D medication was started. 6 years after surgery the patient can carry out her daily activities without limitation. His Harris hip score was 97 points/right and 95 points/left; and the X-ray was normal regarding osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis. Internal fixation should be the primary choice for the treatment of a bilateral femoral neck fractures with a high degree of displacement in young adults even with reversible poor bone quality condition such transient osteoporosis.

Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia Type 2: A Rare Entity. (P12-11.001)

<h3>Objective:</h3> NA <h3>Background:</h3> Hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2 is an established, rare autosomal recessive partially reversible neurodegenerative condition characterised by mutations in the SLC39A14 gene. Manganese deposition in such cases has a special predilection for the basal ganglia structures leading to dystonia and parkinsonian features. We report such a case of hypermanganesemia in a 1 year old child presenting with extrapyramidal features. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> NA <h3>Results:</h3> A 1 year old female child presented with regression of developmental milestones for the past 2 months, losing the ability to stand or even sit without support—skills that she had previously acquired at an appropriate time. This was associated with dystonic posturing of her neck and limbs for the last 1 month. Cognitive skills were normal as per her age without any history of convulsions or other systemic features. Her birth and family history were unremarkable. Her neurological examination was remarkable only for generalised dystonia of her limbs, neck and trunk. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of paramagnetic substance deposition in bilateral basal ganglia and dentate nucleus. Normal routine blood parameters were followed by extensive investigations to rule out Wilson’s disease, NBIA and other autoimmune pathologies. Her blood manganese levels were significantly elevated and her genetic sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations of the SLC39A14 gene at exons 7 and 8. She was started on chelation therapy with Penicillamine and oral iron. Dystonia resolved significantly by the end of 6 months of therapy with marked improvement in her motor developmental milestones. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2 (HMNDYT2) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by neuronal manganese deposition without other systemic features. This case highlights the importance of recognising this potentially rare treatable condition and with adequate chelation therapy at the right time, near total restoration of motor symptomatology is possible. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Bhattacharya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chintha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Biswas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Das has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chakraborty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mukherjee has nothing to disclose.

Bow Hunter Syndrome Involving Rare PICA Variant (P3-5.032)

<h3>Objective:</h3> NA <h3>Background:</h3> Rotational vertebrobasilar insufficiency, also known as bow hunter’s syndrome (BHS), is a rare cause of dynamic vertebral artery stenosis or occlusion during rotation of the head resulting in posterior circulation ischemia. It is potentially a reversible condition which can remain undetected and cause multiple ischemic strokes in the posterior fossa leading to significant disabilities. A 78-year-old male presented with a two-year history of transient episodes of dysarthria, vertigo, and gait disturbance lasting several minutes. These symptoms occurred after exercise or upon turning his head to the left. Dynamic transcranial doppler (TCD) revealed a significant decline in PCA flow velocities with leftward head turn followed by a hyperemic response after moving his head to a neutral position. Dynamic cerebral angiogram showed the presence of a congenitally anomalous origin of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) which originated at the level of C1 transverse foramen and extended under the C1 lamina. Upon neck rotation, there was near occlusion of the vertebral artery at the PICA origin. Hemilaminectomy of C1 was performed with near resolution of the patient’s symptoms. A follow up TCD confirmed improvement in blood flow parameters post-operatively. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> NA <h3>Results:</h3> NA <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This case report describes a rare presentation of BHS involving an anomalous cervical origin of right PICA. The patient underwent multiple diagnostic studies including MRIs, inner ear physiology tests, and EEGs without any formal diagnosis. The TCD provided an effective and noninvasive diagnostic modality for position related transient neurological symptoms. Frequent use of such test can help diagnose patients with BHS and improve their quality of life. <b>Disclosure:</b> Miss Trujillo has nothing to disclose. Miss Otero-Bell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Girotra has nothing to disclose.

A Case of Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Neuromyopathy Causing Severe Ventilatory Failure (P9-8.013)

<h3>Objective:</h3> We present a case of HCQ-induced neuromyopathy culminating in reversible respiratory failure. <h3>Background:</h3> Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) induced neuromyopathy is a well-documented but rare side effect of HCQ. Here, we discuss a case of HCQ-induced neuromyopathy culminating in respiratory failure. There are few documented cases of fulminant respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation due to this severe neuromuscular complication of HCQ. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A 58-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematous on HCQ for 15 years presented with peripheral edema and acute respiratory failure requiring intubation. She was admitted to the cardiovascular ICU for acute heart failure workup. Neurology was involved to help consider neuromuscular etiologies given the slightly restrictive pattern of respiratory failure. On exam, she had facial weakness and MRC grade 4/5 throughout without clear proximal or distal pattern. Reflexes were 1+ throughout. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies, anti-muscle-specific kinase antibodies, and voltage gated calcium channel antibodies were normal. Creatine kinase and aldolase were slightly elevated at 228 U/L and 9.1 U/L respectively. Concentric needle electromyography of the left vastus lateralis demonstrated low amplitude motor units of increased complexity but without early recruitment. <h3>Results:</h3> Muscle biopsy demonstrated internal accumulation of lysosomal vacuoles and glycogen in many myofibers. Electron microscopy showed curvilinear bodies, a characteristic finding in HCQ-induced myopathy. Testing for other causes of lysosomal storage diseases, which can have similar histologic findings, was negative. HCQ was discontinued. Within weeks of discontinuing HCQ the patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation and was ambulating with a walker. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our case underscores the importance of a high clinical suspicion for HCQ toxicity in the setting of respiratory failure in patients with risk factors. Increased awareness of HCQ neuromuscular toxicity marked by muscle weakness with possible ventilatory failure may lead to early recognition and treatment of a reversible condition. Furthermore, thorough evaluation of a patient’s pharmacopeia, including longstanding, previously tolerated medications, is paramount. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Juster-Switlyk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Crane has nothing to disclose. Joshua M Klonoski has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Mahoney has received research support from Viela Bio.

Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi‐Banach function spaces on spaces of homogeneous type: Characterizations of maximal functions, decompositions, and dual spaces

AbstractLet be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, and let be a ball quasi‐Banach function space on , which supports both a Fefferman–Stein vector‐valued maximal inequality and the boundedness of the powered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on its associate space. The authors first introduce the Hardy space , associated with , via the grand maximal function and then establish its various real‐variable characterizations, respectively, in terms of radial or nontangential maximal functions, atoms or finite atoms, and molecules. As an application, the authors give the dual space of , which proves to be a ball Campanato‐type function space associated with . All these results have a wide range of generality and, particularly, even when they are applied to variable Hardy spaces, the obtained results are also new. The major novelties of this paper exist in that, to escape both the reverse doubling condition of μ and the triangle inequality of ρ, the authors cleverly construct admissible sequences of balls and fully use the geometrical properties of expressed by dyadic reference points or dyadic cubes and, to overcome the difficulty caused by the lack of the good dense subset of , the authors further prove that can be embedded into the weighted Lebesgue space with certain special weight and then can fully use the known results of the weighted Lebesgue space.

Heterostructure axial GaAsSb ensemble near-infrared p–i–n based axial configured nanowire photodetectors

In this work, we present a systematic design of growth experiments and subsequent characterization of self-catalyzed molecular beam epitaxially grown GaAsSb heterostructure axial p–i–n nanowires (NWs) on p-Si <111> for the ensemble photodetector (PD) application in the near-infrared region. Diverse growth methods have been explored to gain a better insight into mitigating several growth challenges by systematically studying their impact on the NW electrical and optical properties to realize a high-quality p–i–n heterostructure. The successful growth approaches are Te-dopant compensation to suppress the p-type nature of intrinsic GaAsSb segment, growth interruption for strain relaxation at the interface, decreased substrate temperature to enhance supersaturation and minimize the reservoir effect, higher bandgap compositions of the n-segment of the heterostructure relative to the intrinsic region for boosting the absorption, and the high-temperature ultra-high vacuum in situ annealing to reduce the parasitic radial overgrowth. The efficacy of these methods is supported by enhanced photoluminescence (PL) emission, suppressed dark current in the heterostructure p–i–n NWs accompanied by increased rectification ratio, photosensitivity, and a reduced low-frequency noise level. The PD fabricated utilizing the optimized GaAsSb axial p–i–n NWs exhibited the longer wavelength cutoff at ∼1.1 μm with a significantly higher responsivity of ∼120 A W−1 (@−3 V bias) and a detectivity of 1.1 × 1013 Jones operating at room temperature. Frequency and the bias independent capacitance in the pico-Farad (pF) range and substantially lower noise level at the reverse biased condition, show the prospects of p–i–n GaAsSb NWs PD for high-speed optoelectronic applications.

Dynamics of a model for the degradation mechanism of aggregated α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.

Accumulation of the misfolded synaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn*) is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies suggest that the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) including both the Beclin1-associated and mTOR-signaling pathways is involved in the αSyn* clearance mechanism. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed for the degradation of αSyn* by ALP with the crosstalk element of mTOR. Using codimension-1 bifurcation analysis, the tri-stability of αSyn* is surveyed under three different stress signals and, in addition, consideration is given to the regulatory mechanisms for the Beclin1- and mTOR-dependent rates on αSyn* degradation using the codimension-1 and-2 bifurcation diagrams. It was found that, especially under internal and external oxidative stresses (S 1), the bistable switch of the aggregation of αSyn* can be transformed from an irreversible to a reversible condition through the ALP degradation pathways. Furthermore, the robustness of the tri-stable state for the stress S 1 to the parameters related to mTOR-mediated ALP was probed. It was confirmed that mTOR-mediated ALP is important for maintaining the essential dynamic features of the tri-stable state. This study may provide a promising avenue for conducting further experiments and simulations of the degradation mechanism of dynamic modeling in PD.

Reversibility of Frail Phenotype in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

It was recently reported that frailty status can negatively influence the clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Our recent study demonstrated that 20% of patients with an IBD are frail, and disease activity increases the risk of frailty. In the present study, we prospectively monitored this subgroup of frail patients, assessed whether the frailty status was reversible, and analyzed factors associated with frailty reversibility. Of the sixty-four frail patients with IBD enrolled, five (8%) were lost during the follow-up period and one (2%) underwent a colectomy. Eleven out of the fifty-eight (19%) patients maintained a frail phenotype during a median follow-up of 8 months (range 6-19 months), and thirty-five (60%) and twelve (21%) became pre-frail or fit, respectively. A comparison of the 58 patients at baseline and at the end of the study showed that frail phenotype reversibility occurred more frequently in patients who achieved clinical remission. A multivariate analysis showed that the improvement of the frail phenotype was inversely correlated with the persistence of clinically active disease (OR:0.1; 95% CI: 0.02-0.8) and a history of extra-intestinal manifestations (OR:0.1; 95% CI: 0.01-0.6) and positively correlated with the use of biologics (OR: 21.7; 95% CI: 3.4-263). Data indicate that the frail phenotype is a reversible condition in most IBD patients, and such a change relies on the improvement in disease activity.

A Highly Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using Embedding Optimization and Rounded Error Compensation

The robust reversible watermarking (RRW) requires high robustness and capacity on the condition of reversibility and imperceptibility, which still remains a big challenge nowadays. In this paper, we propose a two-stage RRW scheme that improves robustness and capacity through embedding optimization and rounded error compensation. The first stage inserts a robust watermark into the selected Pseudo-Zernike moments (PZMs) by using an adaptive normalization method and an optimized embedding strategy. Specifically, the adaptive normalization method achieves both an invariance to pixel amplitude variation and a balance between robustness and imperceptibility, and the optimized embedding strategy reduces embedding distortions remarkably. The watermarked PZMs are inversely transformed to generate the robustly watermarked image, in which rounded errors caused in the inverse transformation is compensated elaborately and thus a larger capacity can be obtained at the same embedding distortion. The second stage embeds a reversible watermark consisting of errors between the robust watermark embedded image and the original one, aiming at achieving the reversibility in case of no attacks. Extensive experimental simulations show that the proposed scheme provides strong robustness against common signal processing, including AWGN, salt-and-pepper noise, JPEG, JPEG2000, median filtering, mean filtering, geometrical transformations involving rotation and scaling, and a compressive sensing attack exemplified by two-dimensional compressive sensing, which outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes. Our code is available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/yichao-tang/PZMs-RRW</uri> .

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome or reversible posterior cerebral edema syndrome, is a reversible neurological condition characterized by headache, altered mental status, visual disturbances, seizures, and unconsciousness. It is a clinic-radiological entity with characteristic features on neuroimaging. We present a case of a young antenatal term patient with pre-eclampsia who had no previous history of hypertension. She underwent a cesarean section and in the post-natal period developed sudden bilateral severe vision loss without seizure because of PRES. The visual loss was reversible and improved on systemic and supportive anti-hypertensive patient.

Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulation for Subject-Specific Geometry of a Human Aortic Arch

Pulsatile blood flow in a subject-specific human aortic arch and its major branches is studied computationally for a peak Reynolds number of 1553 and a Womersley number of 22.74. The aortic geometry is constructed from the CT-scan images of a subject. The aorta has out-of-plane curvature and significant area variation along the flow direction. A physiologically representative pulsatile velocity waveform is applied as boundary condition at the inlet of the aorta. The primary velocity profiles are skewed towards the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the entire cardiac cycle. In the decelerating phase, reverse flow is noted along the inner wall and the magnitude of maximum velocity is about 50 % of the peak flow condition. Flow separation is observed in the inner wall of the ascending aorta during the decelerating and reverse flow phases of the cardiac cycle. In the accelerating phase, however, flow separation does not occur. The major observation of the present work is the existence of complex and asymmetrical vortical flow structures which are not observed either in simple curved pipes or in idealized aortic arch computational studies. The relative strength of the secondary flow with respect to the primary flow is quantified by means of Relative Secondary Kinetic Energy whose highest value is evaluated to be 1.202 occurring near the entrance of the right carotid artery during the maximum reverse flow condition. High values of wall shear stress is observed at distal of the left and right subclavian arteries, the bifurcation of brachiocephalic artery between right subclavian artery and right carotid artery, and proximal inner wall of descending aorta during the cardiac cycle. The wall shear stress at the bifurcations of the branches are low and oscillatory and generally correlates with the preferential sites for atherosclerosis. The flow structures on the aorta wall are explicitly highlighted by the limiting streamlines. The application of limiting streamlines to clearly elucidate the complex on-wall flow structures is one of the key contributions of the present study. During the decelerating and reverse flow phases several critical points are observed on the aortic wall. These complex flow structures vanish during the accelerating phase. The observations made in the present study will be helpful in creating accurate and clinically useful computational models.

Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

Recent reconfigurable technological advancements for wireless communication systems provide various global solutions. This research work presents a quad port multipolarized switchable multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for sub 6 GHz applications. It covers the frequency range from 3.1 to 5.1 GHz, including the 5G NR band n78 (3.3 to 3.8 GHz) and 5G NR band n79 (4.4 to 5 GHz). The proposed antenna comprises four offset-fed monopole antenna elements with an overall dimension of 60 mm × 65 mm. To achieve circular polarization (CP), a parasitic meandering resonator is integrated with antenna elements using four PIN diodes. The polarization diversity is obtained by controlling the bias states of four PIN diodes. The radiating element −1/−3 offers left hand circular polarization (LHCP), while element −2/−4 procures right hand circular polarization (RHCP) when all diodes are ON. Consequently, the proposed antenna provides linear polarization (LP) under reverse bias conditions. Moreover, the designed antenna acquires a wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 36.1%. In addition, the developed MIMO antenna exhibits isolation greater than 15 dB using the common ground plane, and the obtained ECC is less than 0.13. The prototype is fabricated, and the simulated responses are in good correlation with the measured results.

Acute Liver Failure Guidelines.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, acute, potentially reversible condition resulting in severe liver impairment and rapid clinical deterioration in patients without preexisting liver disease. Due to the rarity of this condition, published studies are limited by the use of retrospective or prospective cohorts and lack of randomized controlled trials. Current guidelines represent the suggested approach to the identification, treatment, and management of ALF and represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. The scientific evidence was reviewed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation process to develop recommendations. When no robust evidence was available, expert opinions were summarized using Key Concepts. Considering the variety of clinical presentations of ALF, individualization of care should be applied in specific clinical scenarios.