Condition Factor Research Articles

Comparing the effectiveness of landslide susceptibility mapping by using the frequency ratio and hybrid MCDM models

The present study involved the landslide susceptibility mapping of Indian state of Meghalaya by using the frequency ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)- VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) (AHP-VIKOR), and the outcomes were validated and compared. Therefore, fourteen landslide conditioning factors were selected after a multi-collinearity test by tolerance and variance Inflation Factor. Based on 70 % of the training data, the relative frequency and predictive rate value was used to generate final output. In opposite, the overall ranking was used to generate landslide susceptibility map (LSM) for the AHP-VIKOR model. Subsequently, the generated LSM was classified into five hierarchical zones from very low to very high based on the natural breaking classification. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics from 30 % of validation landslides shown more predictive accuracy of AHP-VIKOR model than FR model under similar geo-environmental condition. The spatial distribution of landslide susceptibility zones shows that 37 % of the region under the threat of having a high landslip risk. Landslides are primarily found in barren Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, with increased risk near roadsides. This is due to slope cutting for roads, making hilly terrain unstable. Areas with more annual rainfall face greater landslide threats. Therefore, the outcome of the study may contain the useful information that helps the local administration to recognize vulnerability of landslides as well as to take up the hazard mitigative measures.

Surrogate-model-based low-carbon optimization method for tolerance allocation of mechanical components under bidirectional constraints

The low-carbon optimization of tolerance allocation involves reducing production costs and carbon emissions, while ensuring dimensional precision, making it a crucial pathway to achieving low-carbon manufacturing. However, the complex mapping mechanism between tolerance, cost, and carbon emissions makes it challenging to construct effective mechanistic models. This complexity arises from both the forward constraints of multiple-coupled design features of components and backward constraints on the differentiated processing conditions of an enterprise. Therefore, a low-carbon optimization method for tolerance allocation based on surrogate models is proposed. Firstly, the RReliefF algorithm is utilized to analyze the influence of design features and enterprise processing condition factors on the low-carbon performance of tolerance allocation, identifying key influencing factors. Secondly, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based surrogate model is established to predict the low-carbon performance of tolerance allocation. Specifically, datasets of tolerance, manufacturing costs, and carbon emissions under different design feature constraints are constructed. To improve the training efficiency and accuracy of the prediction model, the heterogeneous data of design features are processed using the one-hot encoding technique. Subsequently, the mapping relationship between tolerance, cost, and carbon emissions is established based on the CNN. Finally, with the aim of minimizing costs and carbon emissions, a low-carbon optimization method for tolerance allocation is established based on the surrogate model and the product size chain. The convolutional neural network-Harris Hawk optimization algorithm (CNN-HHO) is utilized to generate tolerance allocation schemes that minimize both cost and carbon emissions while satisfying dimensional precision. Through a series of multi-peak test functions and practical case studies of the overrunning clutch, the results indicate that the proposed CNN-HHO algorithm demonstrates exceptional accuracy and stability in the validation on the test functions. Furthermore, the optimized overrunning clutch solution achieves approximately 2.61% cost reduction and 2.63% decrease in carbon emissions, providing further support for the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Conditioning Factors for Biosafety Practice in Health Personnel: Integrative Review

In their attention to patients of different specialties, health personnel are the most vulnerable to contagion, which has been evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The working conditions or factors for biosafety practices in health personnel worldwide will make it possible to detect the necessary and less treated lines of investigation, deficiencies and to draw up lines of work for their solution. It should be noted that it is estimated that 2.78 million workers die because of occupational accidents and 374 million injuries caused by work are reported, thus increasing absenteeism, the risk of contracting a disease in the workplace has become more latent and 4% of the world's GDP is occupied by diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the evidence that exists regarding the conditioning factors for the practice of biosafety in health personnel. The methodology: where a descriptive systematic review was performed with the search of databases in Scopus selected articles from 2019 - 2023 in English and Spanish languages. The results indicate that with regard to the conditioning factors of Biosafety practice, it is evident that of the 400 articles 50 mention that it is important to know how to do, 45 mention that it is important not only the training but also the equipment for these practices to be favorable, also 31 of the articles refer to that in COVID-19 period the infections among health personnel were due to the reuse of personal protective equipment.

CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FEMALE IMPRISONMENT FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING

This article aims, as the proposed theme suggests, to analyze the crime of drug trafficking committed by women, critically verifying the conditioning factors of female criminality. The research question that guides this research is: what factors condition the entry of women into the practice of the crime of drug trafficking? Based on the question presented, the phenomenon of female criminality in drug trafficking was analyzed from a critical perspective, seeking to understand, through studies of marginal feminist criminology and theories that justify entry into criminal activity, the main motivations that influence women's entry into the crime in question. Once the research problem was overcome, alternatives capable of producing positive effects regarding the reduction of female incarceration for drug trafficking were sought, highlighting that decarceration measures present themselves as a possible solution to the problem, since the current prohibitionist drug policy is ineffective. Thus, to achieve the results obtained in this research, the following methodological techniques and procedures were used: i) bibliographic review in works of social sciences, criminal law and criminology, as well as authors who focus on women's relationships with crime from a feminist theoretical framework; ii) analysis of quantitative and qualitative data extracted from official bodies, paying attention to the limitations they present, since there is a great restriction of information.

A Review of Landslide Conditioning Factors in the Tropical Forests

A Review of Landslide Conditioning Factors in the Tropical Forests

Analyses of Biometric Growth Parameters, Feeding Composition and Fisheries Aspects of Auxis thazard (Frigate Tuna) of the East, West and South Coasts of Sri Lanka

This study examines the biometric parameters of Auxis thazard, a commercially significant neritic tuna species in Sri Lanka, after primary and secondary data analyses. In secondary data analysis, data following the year 2017 were obtained from the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources for a comparative study of Western, Southern and Eastern coasts. The Length-Weight Relationships (LWR) for Auxis thazard in West, South and East coasts were W= 0.0012TL^3.6586, W = 0.0026TL^3.4846 and W = 0.0147TL^2.951. The pooled regression coefficient (‘b’) values indicated positive allometric growth in West and South, and isometric growth in East. The condition factor showed relatively healthy conditions in fish for West and South and poor condition for East. The gillnets reported 98% of catches in West and ringnets reported. 68% and 67% of catches in South and East respectively. The primary data analysis was conducted in the West coast from November 2021 to February 2022. The LWR was W= 0.0114TL^3.0366 indicating isometric growth and fish were relatively healthy. Shrimps were the most preferred prey item at each stomach fullness level. The percentages below 29.5 (length at first maturity reports by FishBase) included 18.8, 39.2 and 34.0 for West, South and East suggesting continuous fish landing monitoring.

Sardines in hot water: Unravelling plastic fibre ingestion and feeding behaviour effects

Small pelagics are small fish species often schooling that mainly feed on planktonic organisms and are foraging species of larger animals. These species have experienced important declines in their wild populations during the last decades. For instance, the decrease of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) body condition has had a detrimental impact on its landings, leaving their commercial fishing unprofitable in some Mediterranean areas. The causes for this decline are not clearly established but seems to be mainly related to changes with planktonic communities inducing a switch in their foraging behaviour from particulate-feeding to filter-feeding. Moreover, it has been highlighted that sardines ingest plastic fibres throughout their natural spatial distribution, suggesting this additional pollution as a possible new threat affecting their populations’ health. In this study we developped an experimental setup allowing us to maintain wild fish in captive controlled conditions in order to test the possible factors affecting plastic fibres ingestion in sardines. We demonstrate that sardines ingest fibres from water, and the amount of fibres ingested is highly impacted by their feeding behaviour. Sardines feeding by filtration ingest less food but more plastic fibres (mean = 4.95 fibres/ind; SD = 3.43), compared to sardines that feed by particulate-feeding (mean = 0.6 fibres/ind; SD = 1.04). Moreover, a decrease in sardine body condition factor was detected for filter-feeding individuals, mostly linked to the lower amount of food they ingested rather than to the fibre ingestion itself. Nonetheless, higher water temperature seems to accelerate the pattern of fibre expulsion in filter-feeding sardines. Alltogether, it is suggested that plastic fibres pollution and phytoplanctonic changes under global change, might synergistically act at disturbing the health of this species in wild populations.

Protective Role of Sulforaphane against Physiological Toxicity of Triphenyltin in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus).

This experiment mainly explored the protective role of sulforaphane (SFN) against physiological toxicity of triphenyltin (TPT) in Cyprinus carpio haematopterus. In total, 320 Fish (56.90 ± 0.40 g) were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates each. The control group was fed the basal diet, the TPT group (TPT) was exposed to 10 ng L-1 TPT on the basis of the control group, the SFN + TPT group (TPT + SFN) was fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg kg-1 SFN on the TPT group, and the SFN group (SFN) was fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg kg-1 SFN. After 56 days of breeding trials, the results showed that TPT exposure resulted in a remarkable decrease (p < 0.05) in final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF), but an increase (p < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish. TPT treatment decreased (p < 0.05) the amounts of hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb), plasma complement component 3 (C3) and C4 contents, alternative complement pathway (ACH50), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LZM) activities, liver glutathione (GSH) content, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and SOD mRNA expressions, but increased (p < 0.05) plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, liver malonaldehyde (MDA) content, tumor Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-1β, and MDA mRNA expressions. A histological analysis of the liver showed that a higher occurrence rates of the hepatocyte hypertrophy, nuclear disappearance and hepatocyte vacuolization was observed in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to TPT, and it was accompanied by the dilation of hepatic sinusoids. In addition, the toxicity induced by TPT was significantly improved in the groups that were treated with SFN, and SFN was able to improve growth performance and immunity, alleviate TPT-induced changes in inflammatory factors, ameliorate oxidative stress, and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.05). The addition of SFN also alleviated liver damage caused by TPT and protected the structural integrity of the liver. Overall, these findings suggest that TPT inhibited the growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru. Dietary SFN could be beneficial for growth promotion, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and protection of liver structural integrity. Therefore, SFN is a prospective feed supplement for ameliorating the damage caused to fish by TPT contamination.

Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in Treating Gram-Negative Infections: Does Obesity Matter?

Obesity is considered a health issue associated with increased morbidity and a risk factor for multiple conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and infections. It may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, including antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin. Regrettably, data on ciprofloxacin's efficacy in obese patients remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the impact of obesity on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in treating Gram-negative bacterial infections. A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Adult patients (≥18 years) treated with ciprofloxacin for confirmed Gram-negative infection between January 2017 and April 2023 were included. Patients were excluded if they received ciprofloxacin empirically, had inadequate source control within 72 h, or had missing weight and height information at ciprofloxacin initiation. The primary outcome was clinical cure, defined as the resolution of the clinical infection manifestations without additional therapeutic management by the end of treatment. Other secondary and safety outcomes were also assessed. A total of 99 patients were included, divided into obese (n = 42) and non-obese (n = 57) groups. The obese group had a significantly lower median age (50 years) compared to the non-obese group (64 years) (p = 0.002). The obese group had fewer male patients (38.10% vs. 68.42%; p = 0.004), higher body weight (90 (81-97) vs. 63 (55-70) days; p < 0.001), and lower height (158 (155-165) vs. 165 (158-172) days; p = 0.008) compared to non-obese. Urinary tract infection was the most common type, with Escherichia coli being the most common isolate. The median hospital length of stay was shorter in the obese group than in the non-obese group (1 vs. 3 days, p = 0.007). There were no significant differences in clinical cure rates between obese (85.71%) and non-obese (85.96%) patients (p = 1). No significant differences were observed in terms of in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, or 60-day infection recurrence rates between the two groups. Microbiological eradication was not achieved in the obese group, whereas a 10.53% eradication rate was observed in the non-obese group (p = 0.037). However, the majority of the patients had indeterminate eradication. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was lower in the obese group (4.76%) compared to the non-obese group (17.54%, p = 0.066). Treatment with ciprofloxacin in obese patients has similar efficacy and safety outcomes compared to non-obese patients with infections due to Gram-negative pathogens.

CITROBACTER KOSERI SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION COMPLICATED BY ABSCESS FORMATION: A CASE REPORT AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri) can lead to severe infections in the neonates, elderly and immunocompromised patients. We describe the first reported case of an axillary abscess due to C. koseri in a healthy adolescent, and review the clinical aspects and associated risk factors of this rare condition.

Corrigendum to: Morphometric relationships and condition factor of the green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 (Decapoda, Penaeidae), from Palk Bay waters of Tamil Nadu (DOI: 10.1163/15685403-bja10358)

Corrigendum to: Morphometric relationships and condition factor of the green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 (Decapoda, Penaeidae), from Palk Bay waters of Tamil Nadu (DOI: 10.1163/15685403-bja10358)

School Well-Being in Secondary School Students and its Conditioning Factors: A Systematic Review

Thesis. This systematic review article argues that school well-being is closely linked to various factors, such as academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and self-concept. It posits that promoting school well-being can significantly enhance academic motivation, reduce absenteeism, and foster a more positive learning environment. Concept. School well-being is intricately linked to various factors including academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and self-concept. This study critically evaluates these factors, organising and assessing previous research to inform future studies and pedagogical strategies. Results and conclusion. The review reveals that school well-being is significantly connected to academic performance, quality of interpersonal relationships, and self-concept. Additionally, factors such as anxiety are identified as major contributors to student distress, impacting their overall school well-being and academic outcomes. The findings suggest that promoting school well-being can effectively enhance academic motivation, reduce absenteeism, and foster a more positive learning environment. Promoting school well-being emerges as a key strategy to optimise the educational experience and academic outcomes. The study highlights the importance of tailored pedagogical approaches that address individual differences and foster a supportive and inclusive classroom environment. Integrating socio-emotional learning and continuous monitoring of student well-being are recommended for sustainable educational success. Originality. This article provides a novel synthesis of existing research on school well-being, linking it to academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and self-concept. It offers practical pedagogical guidelines based on a comprehensive literature review, highlighting the importance of socio-emotional learning and continuous monitoring of student well-being to enhance educational outcomes.

Do women board members contribute to companies’ superior environmental performance? A literature review

AbstractThe urgent need to tackle climate change has led scholars to study the factors that affect companies’ ability to achieve superior environmental performance. One such factor, the influence of women board members, has received considerable attention because of women’s greater tendency to care for the planet. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no literature review has yet attempted to describe the state of the art of this relationship and its conditioning factors. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the degree of consensus in the literature regarding the role of board gender diversity in environmental performance and to specify the variables that condition this relationship. The content of all studies that offer evidence of this relationship is analyzed. The results imply that there is a high degree of consensus regarding the positive influence of female leadership on environmental performance in studies that focus exclusively on this relationship. The review also shows that this relationship is conditioned by numerous factors. However, the evidence in this regard is scant and in some cases inconclusive. Therefore, this review reveals both the scope and the unfilled needs in this field of study. It thus supports the sharing of knowledge on this topic and draws attention to the questions that need to be addressed.

Metastasis of colon cancer requires Dickkopf-2 to generate cancer cells with Paneth cell properties.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Paneth cells provide stem cell niche factors in homeostatic conditions, but the underlying mechanisms of cancer stem cell niche development are unclear. Here we report that Dickkopf-2 (DKK2) is essential for the generation of cancer cells with Paneth cell properties during colon cancer metastasis. Splenic injection of Dkk2 -knockout (KO) cancer organoids into C57BL/6 mice resulted in a significant reduction of liver metastases. Transcriptome analysis showed reduction of Paneth cell markers such as lysozymes in KO organoids. Single cell RNA sequencing analyses of murine metastasized colon cancer cells and patient samples identified the presence of lysozyme positive cells with Paneth cell properties including enhanced glycolysis. Further analyses of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility suggested Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) as a downstream target of DKK2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing analysis revealed that HNF4A binds to the promoter region of Sox9 , a well-known transcription factor for Paneth cell differentiation. In the liver metastatic foci, DKK2 knockout rescued HNF4A protein levels followed by reduction of lysozyme positive cancer cells. Taken together, DKK2-mediated reduction of HNF4A protein promotes the generation of lysozyme positive cancer cells with Paneth cell properties in the metastasized colon cancers.

Geospatial Modelling of Flood Susceptibility of the Calabar City, Cross River State, Nigeria

Flooding remains a major environmental problem in many parts of the world including Nigeria, causing untold losses. This study modelled the flood susceptibility of Calabar Metropolis using frequency ratio and geographical information system (GIS). Direct field observation and key informant approaches were used to obtain 127 previous and current flood locations in the study area from which a database of historical flood occurrence was developed. Using the geostatistical analyst tool within a geographical information environment the flood locations were split into two parts in the ratio of 70:30 percent for the training and testing processes, respectively. Eight flood conditioning factors (elevation, slope, aspect, curvature topographic position index, topographic wetness index, land cover and normalized difference vegetation index) were extracted from SRTM-30m DEM and Landsat 8 data accordingly and used in the geospatial analysis of flood occurrence within the GIS. The frequency ratio model was then developed using the training dataset. The final product was the flood susceptibility map of the study area. The results revealed that 9.3 percent of the study area was considered to have very high flood susceptibility, 19.97 percent was classified as high flood susceptibility while 31.79 percent was under moderate risk area. About 39 percent of the study area was classified at least under low flood susceptibility. The order of contribution of the conditioning factors to the model were topographic position index (TPI), elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land cover, curvature, aspect, slope, and topographic wetness index (TWI). The validation of the model using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve returned an AUC value of 74.81 percent. Hence, the result was acceptable for the prediction of flood locations in the study area. The findings would assist urban planners, environmental managers, risk reduction and management agencies, land developers, policy makers, and indeed the general public.

Bending Analysis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Functionally Graded Composite Cylindrical Shell

The curved structural components of aircraft, automobiles, and marine vessels, such as cylindrical panels, are primarily exposed to loading, which can result in bending failure, particularly in lightweight structures. The bending analysis of cylindrical panels made of functionally graded multiwall carbon nanotube (FG-MWCNT) epoxy composites is subjective in this study. In the first section, FG-MWCNT composite cylindrical panels are simulated in the ANSYS software. There are three methods for distributing uniaxially aligned reinforcements. The material properties of the carbon nanotubes uniformly distributed and functionally graded over the thickness of the shell structure are estimated using an extended rule of mixture micromechanical model that incorporates certain useful characteristics. To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed finite element approach, deflection data are presented. The analysis of the shell structure's bending includes an investigation of the impact of CNT volume fraction, boundary condition, lengthto-thickness ratio, and other geometrical factors

Method of calculation of temperature parameters and servic life of cable lines with a voltage of 10 kV

RELEVANCE. The paper presents a method for calculating the temperature parameters and service life of cable lines (CL) with a voltage of 10 kV for various types of insulation and operating conditions. Dependencies have been developed that are recommended for clarifying the parameters of the CL, taking into account different operating modes. The results of the study can be used for practical application and will contribute to reducing the number of accidents resulting from thermal breakdowns of CL due to incorrect selection of CL parameters.PURPOSE. To investigate the temperature parameters of 10 kV CL, taking into account various methods of laying them and load factors for the climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan.METHODS. Methods for calculating the temperature parameters of CL and their service life, methods of statistical data processing, and methods for approximating functions are used. The ELCUT software package is used to visualize the results obtained during calculations. results. The results of calculations of the temperature parameters of 10 kV CL with paper-impregnated insulation (BPI), polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) insulation and polyethylene (PE) insulation during their laying in air, in the ground, in the ground in a pipe, taking into account the load coefficients of cable lines, are presented. The results of calculations of the service life of the CL are shown. The values of the optimal load coefficients of the CL are determined to reduce the rate of thermal aging of insulation under various operating conditions. conclusion. The results of the conducted research and calculations can be used to evaluate and select the optimal load of 10 kV CL at the stages of operation and design of power supply systems.

Length-weight relationships, growth parameters, and condition factor of Sarda sarda from the Southern Black Sea

The small tuna known as the Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) is one of the most important fishery species of the Black Sea coast of Türkiye. In this study, we sought to define some population parameters of Atlantic bonito based on indirect ageing using length frequency distributions. The aim of this study is to provide data that will serve the management of bonito fishery. For analysis, the ELEFAN routine in the LFDA and FiSAT programs was utilized. During the migration period, we collected 2110 samples from purse seine and gillnet fishing in the Black Sea waters of Türkiye. The fork length varied between 13.1 and 60 cm, and the female to male ratio was 1:0.79. The length-weight relationships (LWRs) were calculated W=0.0037FL3.3784 and Fulton’s K:1.01±0.001. The growth was found to be positive allometic (Student’s t-test, p &lt; 0.05). von Bertalanffy Growth Parameters (VBGP) were computed as L∞:71.59 cm, K:0.56 year-1, t0:-0.18 year. The seasonal oscillation in growth rate was calculated (C: 0.98) and winter point (WP): 0.54, growth performance index of Ø’: 3.46, natural mortality (M: 0.74 yr-1), fishing mortality (F: 2.81 yr-1), total mortality (Z: 3.55 yr-1) and exploitation coefficient (E: 0.79 yr-1). As a result of it was found that the exploitation rate on the S.sarda along the Black Sea

The impact of plant cryoextract on productivity and factors of innate immunity of pond fish against the background of stress in the experiment

The search for effective and environmentally friendly means to increase the productivity and natural resistance of animals, especially in aquaculture, remains an urgent socio-economic task. This article presents the results of the study of the effect of the cryobiological supplement ‘Immunolife-Fish’, based on medicinal plants, on the weight gain of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and indicators of innate immunity of two-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) under the influence of thermal stress factor in aquarium conditions. It was found that the weight gain of juvenile carp treated with the cryobiological supplement ‘Immunolife-Fish’ was higher than that of the control group at all stages of the study. The increase was most pronounced during the first 42 days of feeding. A significant increase in the number of leukocytes was found in the blood of fish (common carp and silver carp) exposed to a heat stressor compared to control values. In fish that received a supplement of the herbal preparation during stress, this indicator only tended to increase. The effect of the stressor in fish of both species is manifested by a significant increase in the leukocyte content, a decrease in the indicators characterizing the functional state of cellular immunity — phagocytic activity and number of phagocytes, as well as a tendency to decrease the phagocytic index of neutrophils in the blood. The use of the cryobiological supplement ‘Immunolife-Fish’ in fish exposed to stress not only prevented the decrease in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils but also contributed to a slight increase in their activity in comparison with the control. A significant decrease in the activity of lysozyme and the level of circulating immune complexes, as well as an increase in the content of seromucoids, was found in the blood serum of common and silver carp under the influence of the stress factor. The use of the drug against the background of stress leveled the negative changes in the above indicators characterizing the state of the humoral link of innate immunity. In addition, a mild immune stimulating effect of the cryobiological supplement on fish of both species, which were kept in optimal conditions, was noted. The research is aimed at the development and testing of organic, environmentally friendly anti-stress and immunostimulant agents in commercial fish farming

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) in the Grijalva and Usumacinta rivers, Mexico

Length-weight relationship and condition factor (K) are descriptors of the biology of fish populations, providing fundamental information on growth strategies, nutritional status, and reproduction. These parameters are used to compare the condition of fish populations in aquatic systems with different degrees of anthropogenic intervention. This study aimed to explore the length-weight relationship of Pterygoplichthys sp., to observe whether the physiological condition factor reveals variation from a dammed river (Grijalva) to a free-flowing river (Usumacinta). Given the physiological characteristics of armored catfish (benthic consumer, tolerance to hydrological disturbance and aquatic pollution, and wide reproductive range), we predict that this fish will have a better welfare condition in the Grijalva River than in the Usumacinta. Highest abundance of armored catfish was obtained in the Grijalva River (282 specimens). However, the largest and heaviest fish were caught in the Usumacinta River (34.4 ± 5.31 cm and 389 ± 138 g, respectively). Length-weight ratio of armored catfish showed a negative allometric growth rate in both rivers (b&gt;3), i.e., the fish grew more in length than in weight. However, the condition factor revealed that armored catfish have better physiological conditions in the Usumacinta River. Food availability, species population density, intra- and interspecific competition probably played an important role in fish welfare. Information generated in this study can be used as a guide to analyze more detailed the populations of armored catfish, taking into consideration sex and different bodies of water, to adequately monitor the populations of Pterygoplichthys sp., in the Mexican southeast.