Condenser Pipes Research Articles

IMPROVING FRESHWATER YIELD FROM SIMPLE SEAWATER DISTILLATION DISPENSERS THROUGH CONDENSER PIPE MODIFICATIONS

The primary objective of this study is to enhance the freshwater production efficiency of a basic seawater distillation apparatus by modifying the condenser pipe. Seawater, initially possessing a salt level of 20%, has undergone treatment via a distillation procedure facilitated by a distillation dispenser. The empirical findings indicated that the utilization of both single and double condenser pipes yielded notable disparities in the generation of freshwater. The initial quantity of freshwater generated by the single condenser pipe was comparatively lower during the course of the trial, whereas the double condenser pipe yielded a greater volume of freshwater over an extended duration. Hence, the careful choice of condenser pipes has the potential to significantly impact the effectiveness and operational capabilities of the distillation dispenser system. The findings of this research offer significant contributions towards the advancement of distillation dispenser technologies that are more efficient, particularly in coastal regions reliant on seawater as a primary water resource. This study has the potential to enhance the accessibility of potable water in regions where obtaining freshwater from natural sources is challenging.

Study of hydrodynamics of the condensation process in heat exchanger devices

This article provides insights into the outcomes of developing an experimental device tailored for the condensation of both water and hydrocarbon vapors in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The experimental phase involved conducting a series of experiments along the length of the condenser pipe to thoroughly investigate the condensation process. The experimental device facilitated the transition of gas condensate, with a volume of 15 liters, from a liquid state to vapor. Subsequently, the vapor was subjected to condensation within the shell-and-tube experimental heat exchanger. This rigorous experimentation allowed for a detailed examination of the condensation dynamics, providing valuable data on the performance and efficiency of the heat exchange process. The focus on both water and hydrocarbon vapors underscores the versatility of the experimental device, making it applicable to scenarios involving diverse condensable substances. The findings contribute to the understanding of condensation mechanisms in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, offering insights that can be valuable in various industrial applications, including energy production and environmental engineering.

Modeling and experimental study condenser performance of fixed bed pyrolysis reactor: A case study of solid waste palm starch processing

Sustainable management of vermicelli waste can reduce waste in the environment. In addition, this waste can be used as a renewable fuel source. This study researched the condenser performance concerning the pyrolysis process of biomass from palm starch waste. The solid waste of palm starch was collected from the traditional industry of vermicelli noodles in Klaten District, Indonesia. The solid waste of palm starch formed into RDF-5 biomass. In this research, we use numerical and experimental methods to obtain a performance model of a pyrolysis condenser. The numerical simulation and experiment used different variations of tube models and fluid flow directions. The numerical simulation results show that the helical tube performs better than the concentric tube regarding heat transfer rate and LMTD value. After getting the numerical result, we were going to experiment with three different helical coil-type condenser pipe diameters in the Fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. Based on the experimental results, the condenser with the smallest diameter and parallel flow direction has higher liquid smoke with 41.802% yield production. The pyrolysis of palm starch waste can reduce environmental waste and turn the waste into liquid smoke. However, before it can be used as a bio-diesel additive, the liquid smoke in this research needs to be processed further.

Steady-state performance analysis of loop heat pipe radiator in space reactor

The loop heat pipe has a good application prospect in the field of space reactor radiator because of its characteristics of the separation of gas/liquid pipelines and the long-distance efficient heat transfer. The comprehensive performance analysis of loop heat pipe radiator for space reactor is carried out by the heat balance calculation method based on energy coupling iteration proposed in this paper. The loop heat pipe radiator models of different configurations were developed using the mass and energy conservation theory. The models were validated by experimental data of the loop heat pipe under various heat loads. The model in this paper can correctly simulate the steady-state operation characteristics of loop heat pipe, and evaluate the design of loop heat pipe radiator for space reactor. The performance of loop heat pipe radiator was analyzed in this paper under various design conditions such as power, evaporation temperature, and heat sink temperature. The results show that the thermal operating parameters have significant effect on characteristics of loop heat pipe radiator. The design length of the condenser pipe was considered as an important factor to achieve steady state heat balance under different design power. Meanwhile, the operation characteristics of loop heat pipe radiator with different configurations were compared, which demonstrated that the performance of panel-type radiator was better than fin-type radiator.

Performance evaluation of hot-wall condenser in a domestic refrigerator

In this study, the heat transfer performance of a hot-wall condenser, which is affected by design parameters, is investigated. In this study, the pipe section form (O/D) variation, which has not been examined so far, is used as a design parameter for condenser performance. Incorporating the specified design parameters, 12 different condenser samples were manufactured. Additionally, a simulation model regarding with the thermal effects was designed for comparing the outputs of experimental results. The parameters are outer diameter of the condenser pipe (4.0 and 4.76 mm), condenser pipe pitch (20, 40, and 60 mm), the section form (O/D) of condenser pipe, and the refrigerant mass flow rate in flow. The results revealed significant findings regarding the impact of different design parameters on the heat transfer rate of the condenser. Specifically, increasing the condenser pipe diameter led to an average heat transfer rate increase of 8.9% and 5.2% by increasing flow rates as double, respectively. The pipe pitch was found to have a notable effect on the heat transfer rates, resulting in average increases of 213%, 47%, and 313% for the 20–40 mm, 40–60 mm, and 20–60 mm transitions, respectively. Specifically, the novel output is the transition from O-to-D pipe configuration, resulting in a maximum 3% increase in the total heat transfer rate.

Evolution and behavior of condensing steam flows under unsteadiness

The primary cause of unsteadiness in a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant is cloud passing and the subsequent shadowing of its solar fields. The effects of these transients on a condenser pipe of an air-cooled condenser, typical of CSP applications, are numerically investigated. The parameters that are considered to be impacted by unsteadiness are the condenser inlet mass flow rate, the condenser inlet vapor quality and the ambient temperature. These perturbations are represented by downward step functions to reflect the unanticipated change due to cloud passing. Reasonable nominal values and reasonably large drops of 90%, 0.15 and 15 °C in the steam mass flow rate, vapor quality and ambient temperature, respectively, are identified and implemented into the transient simulations. The transient response of the fluidic and thermal characteristics of the condensing steam flows to the imposed perturbations are examined. Interestingly, prompt responses to the imposed perturbations are observed. The heat transfer coefficient increases sharply by around 160% and 150% upon the imposed perturbations in mass flow rate and ambient temperature, respectively, before reaching their corresponding quasi-steady state values. The findings have, therefore, implications in the design of air-cooled condensers which are subjected to sudden temporal variations in boundary conditions.

Experimental investigation of an air source heat pump with multigroup heat pipe radiators

As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air source heat pump (ASHP) has been widely used in household in China. However, some problems occurred with the commonly used water loop system, such as low efficiency, complicated structure, more likely to be frozen and burst as well as high electric energy consumption, etc. In this paper, a new air source heat pump with multigroup heat pipe radiators (ASHPMP) was presented. In ASHPMP system, the condenser and heat pipe were coupled together to form a new type of heat radiation terminal, which was named as heat pipe radiators, multiple terminals driven by the compressor provided heat for several rooms. An experimental apparatus of the ASHPMP system was developed and the experiment was carried out in residential buildings also, and R410A was used in the heat pump and R134a was used in heat pipes. The influence of temperature, pressure of heat pump and heat pipe on the heating performance of ASHPMP under frosting/defrosting condition was analysed. The results showed that the new system can operate stably under outdoor temperatures of −12.7 °C to 6.5 °C. As the indoor temperature was set at 20 °C, the heating coefficient of performance (heating COP) could reach up to 3.15 with outdoor temperature −12.7 °C, and it was 6.73 with outdoor temperature 6.5 °C.

Mechanisms of low frequency pressure oscillation occurred in oxygen jet condensation based on height function method

In a propulsion system of cryogenic liquid rockets, low frequency pressure oscillation is an important topic on the oxygen jet condensation. It is a challenge to capture the numerical characteristic of pressure oscillation precisely, especially the frequency and amplitude. Aiming at the mechanism and excitation process of pressure oscillation, an oxygen jet condensation simulation is conducted by a novel mass transfer model based on the height function method. The height function method is used to calculate the interfacial curvature between gas-liquid, which is the key factor to determine the frequency of pressure oscillation. The new model is validated by a steam jet condensation simulation and the corresponding result is in great agreement with the experimental data. The research shows that the low frequency pressure oscillation is caused by the periodic condensation mass transfer rate of the continuous oxygen vapor plume, along with a GOX suck-back flow phenomenon in the gas inlet of condenser pipe. The excitation frequency of pressure oscillation is 10.6 Hz, consistent with the experiment data of engine test run. It is close to the natural frequency of propulsion system. It can be inferred that oxygen jet condensation might be one of the excitation source of self-excited Pogo vibration. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for overcoming the Pogo vibration eventually.

Behavioural Investigation of Hardness Profile for Dissimilar TIG-Weldment between P22 and P91 Steels

The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is now commonly being used to join condenser pipes of railway locomotives, beside boiler and super heater tubes, generally made from dissimilar steel-alloys like P22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) and P91 (9Cr-1Mo). After welding, excessive hardness values of the Heat Affected Zones (HAZs) of those dissimilar weld joints are certainly obtained due to uneven and uncontrolled cooling rates, which resulted in an eruption of abrupt martensitic transformations. This ultimately leads to cracking and failure while operating at elevated temperatures. Therefore, there is a dire need to establish an appropriately optimized post-weld heat treatment process to eliminate this hazardous nuisance. The present work statistically studies the hardness profile of these critical material zones, before and after GTAW.

Leakage Analysis of Steam Condensate Pipe Elbow

The cause of leakage of a steam condensate pipe elbow has been carried out by means of chemical composition analysis, fracture surface analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the inner wall of the pipe at the socket welding of the downstream pipe elbow of the steam trap is not enough smooth, and the inner diameter suddenly changes, resulting in a sudden increase in the flow velocity, which increases the erosion-corrosion rate of the pipe wall, and finally leads to the elbow leakage.

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN ALAT ASAP CAIR MENGUNAKAN SISTEM PENDINGIN KONDENSOR TIPE SPIRAL

Liquid smoke consists of phenolic compounds, carbonyl compounds, acids, water, tar compounds, and benzopyrene. Natural wood material consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin decomposes at high temperatures into more than 300 compounds consisting of more than 70 types of carbonyls as ketones and aldehydes, 20 types of acids, 11 types of furans, 45 types of phenols, 13 types of alcohols and esters. , 12 types of polycyclic aromatic carbon, and 13 types of lactones.
 The research method is by designing tools, and cutting/making liquid smoke tools, then drying them in the sun to be completely dry, Weighing the coconut material before putting it into combustion, assembling and connecting the house pipe hose from the reactor to the tar to the condenser pipe, making sure there are no the leak between the connections, before being put in the combustion furnace, turn on the fire in the reactor tube, install the condenser pipe in the condenser tube and fill the water in the condenser tube, record the results of liquid smoke every 8 hours and fill the material into the combustion tube.
 From the results of the research that has been carried out, there are differences in the results of liquid smoke obtained, then the charcoal results obtained, there is a difference in weight produced between the previous tool and the tool that is now designed, the most influencing factor is the condenser design, where the condenser can cool the smoke that comes out , due to the long cooling cycle that affects the results. The results obtained on the previous tool were 3.754 ml of liquid smoke, 6.5 kg of residual charcoal, and liquid smoke yield of 12.5% ​​with a burning time of 48 hours, and the production rate of liquid smoke was 78.2 ml/hour. The results of the research obtained on the new tool produced 7.095 ml of liquid smoke, 5.6 kg of residual charcoal, and 23.6% yield of liquid smoke with a burning time of 48 hours, and the production rate of liquid smoke was 147.8 ml/hour.

Cause Analysis of Tube Burst of the Condenser in a Power Plant

A tube burst accident of the condenser is found in a power plant during operation. The causes of tube bursts are analyzed using macroscopic observation, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum. The results show that the perforation of the condenser tube originates from the inner wall, and there are scour pits. There are corrosion products in the pits, and the content of the Zn element decreases significantly compared with the matrix. The corrosion should be dezincification corrosion accompanied by erosion corrosion. After the long-term operation of the condenser pipe, dezincification corrosion is still unavoidable. Pipes in different parts have been corroded and perforated, but the degree of corrosion is different. Therefore, it is suggested to replace and upgrade the condenser tube as a whole at the appropriate time.

Study on the priori method of vibration anomalies in the pipeline of a Synchronous condenser

Abnormal vibration may occur in the pipeline of cooling and lubrication system of synchronous condenser during operation. In order to solve this problem, a priori analysis method for abnormal vibration of synchronous condenser piping system is proposed in this paper. This method mainly includes three parts :(1) the modal analysis of the whole pipeline system is carried out to find the pipeline with the most dangerous abnormal vibration; (2) Analyze the cause of abnormal vibration of the hazardous pipeline; (3) According to the analysis results of vibration causes, the field measurement is carried out, the modal analysis is verified, and then the cause and location of abnormal vibration of the whole pipeline system are determined. The results of case analysis show that this scheme can quickly and accurately find out the cause and location of abnormal vibration of the synchronous condenser pipeline system, improve detection efficiency and save cost. At the same time, the natural frequency of vibration obtained by modal analysis can provide a theoretical basis for the design and transformation of the synchronous condenser pipe system.

Effect of halocarbon refrigerants as working fluid of the heat pipe for thermoelectric power generation

This study investigates the effect of a refrigerant in a heat pipe for thermoelectric power generation (TEG). R22, R32, R134a, and R410a were used as working fluids. A water bath was used to heat the hot side of the TEG, and a heat pipe was used to cool the cool side of the TEG. Eight high-performance TEGs connected in series were used in this study. The heat-absorbing section of the heat pipe was the evaporator while at the top section was the condenser. The experiment tested ten conditions of the hot-side temperature of the TEG as 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 °C. In each testing condition, the necessary parameters were collected, such as the hot-side and cool-side temperature of the TEG, the inlet and outlet of the cooling air of the heat pipe condenser, the temperature of the heat pipe condenser and heat pipe evaporator, the voltage, and the current generated by the TEG. The necessary parameters were used to investigate the power generation of the TEG module, which is related to the hot-side temperature of the TEG. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relation of TEG power generation. The result was found that the power generation of the TEG was in direct relation to the hot-side temperature of the TEG, for which the correlations are reported. The average power generation of R410a, R22, R134a, and R32 is 45.4, 46.3, 49.5, and 62.7 mW, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the halocarbon refrigerant of the heat pipe has a significant effect on the TEG power generation.

Condenser Damage Analysis using FTA And FMEA Methods at PLTU Nagan Raya

Based on observations made at the nagan raya power plant. The problem found in the condenser is damaged or blockaged in the condenser pipe which can interfere with the condensate water production process and the water used is seawater as a coolant to condense steam and then become condensate water after hammering the cooling process. Damage that occurs in the dominating scope of work occurs in a leaky or clogged condenser pipe. In this study, it used the FMEA method to find out the highest RPN value and the highest value determines the critical level of a component. Furthermore, the use of the FTA method is to analyze the causes of failures that have the potential to cause damage to the machine or tool. Based on the 5w + 1h table is what (what is the repair strategy ), why (why should be repaired), who (who did), where (where is the place of damage), when (when the repair was made), how (how the repair was carried out).The conclusion of data processing on the FMEA method was found to be the highest RPN value in leakage or clogging of condenser pipes by 150 and the lowest value of the lowest RPN in life time of 8. Meanwhile, the FTA method that has the potential to experience damage or the root of condenser damage is that there is sand in the cooling water and ball cleaning work that is not optimal and then results in clogging of the condenser pipe or can cause leaks in the condenser pipe. The purpose of this study is to identify the damage that occurs to the condenser to keep the level of damage or failure of condenser production from continuing. The final results of this study are expected to present the level of risk of condenser stability with the causative factors of each component of the failure.

Flow over Condenser Pipes with Fins: CFD Analysis

Flow over Condenser Pipes with Fins: CFD Analysis

DETERMINATION OF REFRIGERANT CHARGE OF AN AIR CONDITIONER (WINDOW TYPE) AFTER MAINTENANCE

Evaluating the amount of refrigerant charge of a refrigeration system is quite important to predict the lifetime of the compressor, to avoid undesired pressures and consequently leakage, to reduce costs related to the electricity consumed and to minimize environmental impacts. The maintenance of such equipment is often a complicated task that requires technical abilities and time, especially when the amount of refrigerant charge is not specified on the device. Due to this, many systems work in an overcharged or undercharged mode. In this study, a simple method was applied which uses the internal volume of the condenser and evaporator pipes to determine the ideal refrigerant charge for these specific systems. The procedures were adapted from refrigerators to air conditioners of the window type. The system working with the calculated charge presented a 0.9% reduction in the COP (Coefficient of Performance) of the system and a 3.5% reduction in electricity consumption. Furthermore, the application of this method saved 10.7% of the refrigerant. In conclusion, it is worth applying this method to reduce costs with the use of refrigerant and electricity and the reduction in COP is very small.

Numerical investigation on the direct contact condensation of oxygen jets in a cryogenic pipe

In the present study, the direct contact condensation (DCC) performance of the superheat GOX in subcooling LOX is explored by numerical simulations based on the VOF two-phase model. The flow condensation characteristics are analyzed in a practical condenser of a cryogenic liquid rocket. The coalescence phenomenon of the GOX streams is examined. The possible regimes of the coalescence are summarized and their effects on the condensation performance are explored. Besides, an improved GOX entrance layout is proposed to avoid the coalescence phenomenon and improve condensation performance. The main conclusions are concluded as follows: The gas condensation is the main heat transfer form in most of the pipe region. The bending section of the condenser pipe that connects the vertical section and horizontal section is the most active region for DCC. It is found that there can be two types of coalescences namely, transverse coalescence and longitudinal coalescence. Both coalescence regimes have strong negative effects on the heat transfer ability and condensation performance of the condenser pipe. The improved entrance layout can successfully avoid the coalescence of the GOX streams and reduce the flow distance of the GOX by about 93%. It is also concluded that an improvement of the condenser pipe should be effectively accomplished by controlling the coalescence of the GOX streams after injection.

ANALISIS LAJU ALIRAN MASSA FLUIDA DINGIN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENUKAR KALOR SHELL AND TUBE DESTILLASI MINYAK ATSIRI CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum)

Shell and tube type heat exchanger is a component of clove essential oil distillation apparatus using hot steam as hot fluid and water as a cold fluid, each flowing in opposite directions. The distillation system in the field still uses a condenser or straight pipe heat exchanger, where the temperature of the hot fluid that comes out is still considered high enough so that the indication of effectiveness is not optimal. To optimize the effectiveness, a shell and tube heat exchanger is designed with a numerical method based on Fluent CFD using a hexagonal pipe geometry in tube layouts of 30°, 60°, 45°, and 90° inline and staggered arrangement and counter flow type. This study varied the cold mass flow rate (ṁc) = 0.052; 0.059; 0.083; 0.1; 0.12 Kg/s, while the mass flow rate of the hot fluid is constant. The simulation results obtained that the maximum effectiveness occurred at a mass flow rate of 0.052 kg/s of 5.45% staggered layout and the minimum occurred at a mass flow rate of 0.12 kg/s of 4.01% on an inline layout. The results of this research are also expected to help the community which can be used for various essential oils.

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENUKAR KALOR PIPA HELIKAL DESTILASI MINYAK ATSIRI KAYU PUTIH

The Eucalyptus plant is one of the essential oil-producing plants. Eucalyptus oil processing generally uses the distillation method. Traditionally used eucalyptus oil distillation uses a straight pipe condenser. The weakness of the straight pipe condenser is that the temperature of the condensate that comes out is still very high, this shows that the effectiveness of the straight pipe condenser is not optimal. To optimize the effectiveness of the distillation system condenser, a condenser with a helical pipe type condenser is designed in the essential oil distillation system. This study will vary the ratio of the pitch distance to the diameter of the condenser pipe, which aims to obtain an effective helical coil pitch ratio to optimize the effectiveness of the helical pipe condenser. This study uses the simulation method on COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The pitch ratio variant used is 2.1; 2.62; 3.15; 3.67; 4.2. The parameters that are constant in this study are the inlet fluid temperature on the tube side 373 K, the inlet fluid temperature on the shell side 288 K, the fluid inlet velocity on the tube side 0.2 m/s, and the fluid inlet velocity on the shell side 1 m/s. The results of the simulation by varying the pitch ratio show that the effectiveness increases as the pitch ratio value decreases, where the highest effectiveness is shown at pitch ratio of 2.1 which 75.9% and the lowest effectiveness is shown to pitch ratio of 4.2 which 70.7%.