Concrete Substructure Research Articles

The Allocation of Power and Responsibility in Bulu Society : A test of the usefulness of a methology developed by Marion Levy Jr. in " The Structure of Society "

Power and responsibility (hereafter written P/R) in traditional (pre-white) Bulul society was allocated to such concrete structures as the patrilineage (ayoii) or to such concrete substructures as the vilage council of household heads, to various male and female associational units and to other actors of this society. Taken on a most general level, Bulu society will be considered as a concrete structure in operation, while its political aspects, that is, the allocation of P/R, will be considered as an analytic structure, although, it is a patterned aspect of action which is not even theoretically capable of concrete separation from other patterned aspects of action. There are no concrete acts or systems that are totally devoid of either economic or political aspects. (Levy, The Structure of Society, I952, p. 89.)

Civil Engineering Design on TVA Steam Station

The Tennessee Valley Authority has 11,550 megawatts of capacity installed or under construction in nine modern steam electric stations, all constructed since 1949. The individual stations are designed for a total ultimate capacity ranging from 1,200 megawatts to more than 4,000 megawatts. All of these stations were designed by the Division of Design of the TVA, and this paper examines the civil engineering design practices developed in regard to site layout; location and orientation of powerhouses; condenser cooling water facilities; highway, railroad, and water transportation provisions; access of transmission facilities; concrete substructures of powerhouses; structural steel framing of powerhouses; and concrete chimneys. This paper is written to serve as a basis for comparison with similar design practices of other organizations and to stimulate critically constructive discussion of these design features.