Concrete Space Research Articles

Torsional effect analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete space grid cassette multi-tube structure system

The manuscript introduces a new structural system called the reinforced concrete (RC) space grid cassette multi-tube structure for high-rise buildings. A case study building is analyzed using this system and compared to a conventional RC frame-core tube structure. Through modal analysis in the software “Midas Gen”, the torsional effect and control indices like inter-story displacement ratio, maximum displacement, etc. are compared between the two structural systems. The results show that the space grid cassette system has smaller displacement ratios, displacements, inter-story torsion angles, and thus better torsional resistance compared to the conventional frame-core tube system. Based on these analyses, the manuscript concludes that the RC space grid cassette multi-tube structural system has superior seismic performance and is more suitable for irregularly shaped high-rise residential buildings.

East German-Jewish spaces in Berlin: Jewish heritage societies (Heimatvereine) and their diasporic milieu during the 1920s and 1930s

ABSTRACT Following the First World War and the loss of German territories in Posen, West Prussia and Silesia, many German Jews from those areas left their homes and settled either in Germany or moved to the USA, Latin America or Palestine. Quite a few of them came to Berlin. There and in other German cities as well they founded so called Heimatvereine, Jewish Heritage Societies. This article analyses the spaces those societies created – concrete spaces, in which people met, but also metaphorical spaces, in which a specific East-German-Jewish diasporic milieu was created and maintained that also transcended the borders of the Weimar Republic.

Trust in autonomous vehicles: insights from a Swedish suburb

ABSTRACT This paper investigates elements of trust in autonomous vehicles (AVs). We contextualise autonomous vehicles as part of people's everyday settings to extend previous understandings of trust and explore trust in autonomous vehicles in concrete social contexts. We conducted online co-creation workshops with 22 participants, using design probes to explore trust and AVs in relation to people's everyday lives. Using a socio-technical perspective, we show how trust and acceptance depend not only on the underlying AV technology but also – if not more so – on human-to-human relationships and real-life social circumstances. We argue that when investigating issues of trust and automation, the scope of analysis needs to be broadened to include a more complex socio-technical set of (human and non-human) agents, to extend from momentary human-computer interactions to a wider timescale, and be situated in concrete spaces, social networks, and situations.

Education as State Control on Second Space: Sharia Regulation and Millennial Desire on Urban Cafes in Contemporary Bireuen City, Aceh

This article aims to analyze the efforts to dominate thirdspace in urban millennial cafes in Bireuen City, Aceh, by state sharia. Thirdspace is a concrete space as the actuality of contestation in secondspace by each group. Because secondspace determines the domination of thirdspace, state sharia through authoritative institutions, namely Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Civil Service Police Unit) & Wilayatul Hisbah (Satpol PP&WH) is trying to take preventive action. This qualitative research uses an anthropological approach. Researchers collected data from observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies related to research subjects. The theory used in this research is Thirdspace by Edward Soja about the process of forming thirdspace as a public place. The focus of this research is Bireuen City, as a strategic city from the point of view of rapid social change, advanced economy, strategic geographical location, and rapid development of public places for millennials. The research findings show that state sharia through Satpol PP&WH conducts Islamic religious education, especially theology and Islamic ethical philosophy education for millennials by visiting many high schools, as an effort to dominate thirdspace through secondspace, especially urban millennial cafes in Bireuen City.

Someone Else's Home: Consciousness of Mother Tongue in Migration and Exile Literature

Identity, a multi-layered concept, is shaped according to the tools a person uses to define themselves. Mother tongue is one of the dominant elements within these tools. In times and places where the dominance of the mother tongue is lost due to reasons such as forced or voluntary migration, exile, captivity, occupation, the consciousness of the mother tongue operates in different ways. The bond an individual establishes with their mother tongue can manifest in behaviors such as acceptance, forgetting, denial, suppression, highlighting, sanctification, or belittlement, depending on these conditions. Depending on their consciousness of their mother tongue, the individual rejects their existing identity or chooses to create new identities while constructing a new identity according to these behavioral patterns in the abstract or concrete space where they do not feel they belong. Whatever the reason, the bond or disconnection established with language, an important element of identity and one of the tools of self-expression, is also reflected in literature. In this study, the reflections in literature of individuals who cannot speak their mother tongue for various reasons, the consciousness of the mother tongue in literary works, and the changing views on the approach to the mother tongue over the years will be discussed, examining the effect of social changes on the approach to the mother tongue.

Shaking table tests and numerical simulations on RC frames retrofitted with friction-damped brace

In this study, the dynamic response of double-story reinforced concrete (RC) space frames retrofitted with diagonally arranged friction damped-brace system was evaluated through shaking table tests. A simplified friction damper was proposed and tested under cyclic loading, later used to retrofit an RC frame. The splice of a conventional steel brace was converted into a friction damper, which requires limited technical expertise on site. Commercially available brake-pads were used as a friction material between the splice plates and bracing elements. An artificial ground motion characterized by a short period, similar to the Korean earthquake histories, was generated and used for the shaking table tests. The tested RC frame half-scaled of existing old structures in Korea. The shaking table tests results demonstrated that the dynamic response of the retrofitted RC frame was improved with reduced drift demands. Additionally, a numerical modelling method for friction damped-brace system was developed, and the dynamic responses of retrofitted RC frame with the proposed friction damper was numerically investigated using OpenSees. The numerical simulation results agreed well with the experimental observations.

Changing Patterns of Urban Green Spaces in Akure, Nigeria

Greenery and natural landscapes are vital to human well-being, especially in cities. Notably, the majority of people aspire to live in cities in search of opportunities and a better quality of life, which harms urban green spaces, also known as the "lungs of the city." Current debates on urban planning and sustainable development in Nigeria and around the world are fundamentally influenced by the rapid growth of urbanization and the ensuing domination of concrete spaces over natural spaces. This study examined patterns in Akure's urban green areas while taking into account the spatiotemporal pattern of vegetation cover between 1984 and 2022. The collected satellite imagery was analyzed using the ArcGIS application program, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to calculate the rate and patterns of urban green space. Over time, changes in the spatial distribution of urban green spaces and the growth of non-green spaces were monitored and estimated. The depletion's implications for planning were addressed. To educate and inform urban residents about the protection, conservation, and preservation of natural landscapes within urban landscapes, it is thought that examining and analyzing the physical planning and environmental consequences of unchecked depletion of urban green spaces will be useful for making sustainable environmental policy decisions in harnessing the resources potentials.

Modelling Urban Green Spaces Depletion in Akure, Nigeria

The fast progress of urbanization and the accompanying dominance of concrete spaces over natural spaces are fundamental to current debates on urban planning and sustainable development in Nigeria and the world at large. It is worth noting that natural landscapes and greenery are critical to man's quality of life; yet, the majority of the population are going to reside in urban areas, to the detriment of urban green spaces, known as the "lungs of the city." A detailed account urban green spaces in Akure. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques needs to be done. This study examines the status of urban green spaces in Akure, Nigeria to determine the rate of depletion and encroachment green spaces. The spatio-temporal analysis of green spaces in Akure was carried out between 1984 and 2022 using Supervised maximum likelihood classification procedure on Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, Landsat 7 EMT+ and Landsat 4-5 TM Imageries. It took cognizance of attributes of vegetative cover at varying degrees such as Grasses and Shrubs, Light Vegetation, Secondary Vegetation, and Dense Vegetation. The rate of depletion of green areas, change statistic, socio-economic implication as well as planning implications were addressed. It is believed that assessing and analyzing its social, economic, and environmental impacts on urban inhabitants and their livelihoods would serve as a tool to educate and enlighten urban citizens about the need of including green space scheme into urban designs and planning in Akure.

On the constants in abstract inverse theorems of approximation theory

In the classical inverse theorems of constructive function theory, structural characteristics of an approximated function are estimated in terms of its best approximations. Most of the known proofs of the inverse theorems utilize Bernstein’s idea to expand the function in polynomials of its best approximation. In the present paper, Bernstein’s proof is modified by using integrals instead of sums. With this modification, it turns out that desired inequalities are based on identities similar to Frullani integrals. The considerations here are quite general, which allows one to obtain analogs of the inverse theorems for functionals in abstract Banach or even seminormed spaces. Then these abstract results are specified and inverse theorems in concrete spaces of functions are deduced, including weighted spaces, with explicit constants.

Becoming a park: The assemblage of Olomouc parks in the 19th and first half of the 20th century

We conceptualize an urban park as an assemblage, and we use the urban parks in Olomouc as examples. We do not understand a park as a complete product, but we approach it as a never-finished process, which results from the mutual relationships between material and discursive practices. Using local newspapers, we have studied the process of becoming a park. During this process, concrete space acquires characteristics that are related to a park in a given place and given time. Inquiring into this process, we focused on three closely connected problems: 1) How was the material and discursive limitation of parks distinguished from the wider urban structure? 2) What role did the material design of parks play in the analysed process? 3) What were the means of regulating park visitors and what were its objectives? The use of the concept of assemblage in the research into the history of urban parks results in a more differentiated view of urban greenspace, and thus it can contribute to a better understanding of the current state of the urban greenspace.

Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Space Shear Walls as a Result Of Earthquake Effect

In reinforced concrete buildings, gaps are formed in certain parts of the curtains. There are displacements in reinforced concrete shears under the effect that simulates an earthquake. Accordingly, in this study, the change between force-displacement relations was examined. The curtains that are the subject of the study are slender curtains with a height/height (Hw/ℓw) ratio higher than 2.5-3.0 according to TBDY 2018, and slender curtains with a combined shear-bending behavior with aspect ratios between two limits. are given as medium-delicate curtains. The effect on the behavior according to the void ratios left at the midpoint of the reinforced concrete curtains was investigated. For this, a total of 4 pieces with ½ scale; Reinforced concrete shears, one of which is a reference and the others with a void ratio of 20%, 35% and 50%, respectively, were produced and the results were compared under the effect of earthquakes. The size effect was tried to be avoided, but since the actual dimensions of the sample were too large, it was produced in 1/2 scale. In the study, a built-in support condition should be created in the laboratory environment in order to represent the curtains structurally close to the real behavior.

Metaphorical Approach in Interior Architecture Education

In this study, the project studio, which is the foundation of interior design education, has been designed using the metaphor method, one of the intellectual methods applied in education. The metaphor method is a technique used to make difficult-to-understand abstract concepts concrete and helps design students develop their critical thinking and creative skills. In this case, design, which is the verbalized form of abstract thought, is limited to an object and the responsibilities brought by this object. From this point of view, an experimental study of metaphorical methods for establishing spatial relations of objects was carried out in a 14-week design studio with the 2nd year students of the Department of Interior Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Selcuk University. The purpose of the studio work is to draw the boundaries of interior architecture students in their search for solutions to design problems, and to enable them to come up with creative designs while making functional and formal decisions. In this context, a metaphorical approach was used in the context of object-space relations to guide students’ formal decisions in the functional solutions of the problems that arise in the interior design process. After working in the studio, the students have developed a working doctrine that will guide their interior design studio projects using the designed method, allow them to create unique forms and shapes, enable them to translate abstract ideas into concrete space and make it possible for them to design at various scales, from equipment to space design. The method is at a level that will set an example for students, designers and academicians working in the design discipline.

Chronotope of modern fairy tale

One of the specifics of the oral fairy tale is its chronotope, which Vladimir Propp defined as onedimensional, in which space and time are indefinite, and the world of the miraculous and the real coexist in the same dimension of space and time. The indeterminacy of time and space in fairy tales has remained until today, however, in contemporary fairy tales, outlines of concrete space and time appear more and more often, so that the author's fairy tales change the chronotope in accordance with contemporary social circumstances. Chronotopes of a certain city, village, contemporary life and time appear, so it can be concluded that the change of chronotope in fairy tales is one of the specificities of contemporary fairy tales. The concretization of the chronotope of the fairy tale leads to the violation of one-dimensionality, which brings the narrative of the contemporary fairy tale much closer to a fantastic story. Examining the chronotopes in contemporary fairy tales, two ways of forming the narrative can be observed: retaining the chronotope of the oral fairy tale and the formation of a contemporary chronotope that is close to fantasy.

Hipotipoza prostora i karaktera u opusu F. M. Dostojevskog / Hypotyposis of Space and Character in the Work of F. M. Dostoevsky

One of the key topoi in the work of F. M. Dostoevsky is the images of space, which with their impressiveness and intrigue depict the action like it is happening before our very eyes. This way, Dostoevsky brings hypotyposis of space through which, in addition to clear ideas of concrete spaces, we also get his characters vividly depicted. This paper will explore almost the entire opus of Dostoevsky with a synecdoche approach but pars pro toto to demonstrated that hypotyposis is, in fact, one of the key narrative devices of the Russian writer.

Non-collapse of the effective Wadge hierarchy

We study the recently suggested effective Wadge hierarchy in effective spaces, concentrating on the non-collapse property. Along with hierarchies of sets, we study hierarchies of k-partitions which are interesting on their own. In particular, we establish sufficient conditions for the non-collapse of the effective Wadge hierarchy and apply them to some concrete spaces, including the discrete space of natural numbers, the Baire space, and the Cantor space. While the latter two cases are obtained by easy effectivization of the corresponding topological result by T. Kihara and A. Montalban, the first case needs a different technique and is certainly the main technical result of this paper.

Skateboarding in the Anthropocene: Grey spaces of polluted leisure

ABSTRACT This paper explores a symbolic environmental schema of skateboarding through the concept of ‘grey spaces’. We provide evidence of how skateboarding demonstrates a greyness – political and environmental ambiguities, contradictions, liminality, nuances and paradoxes – to outdoor urban leisure in the Anthropocene. We build on a chromatic turn in leisure studies which attends to blue and green spaces; however, we shift focus from the therapeutic discussion of nature that tends to underscore that turn to a contested realm of urban grey spaces. A concept of ‘greyness’ is adopted to connote not simply the urban but also the ambivalence of polluted leisure and the ambiguous position of skateboarding working as pollutant, and a form of alternative sustainability, while acting with complicity in neoliberal processes that contribute to escalating consumption and the proliferation of concrete spaces of play. In framing skateboarding in both the material and symbolic space of greyness, we seek to stimulate discussion about the greyness of leisure in the Anthropocene beyond skateboarding.

Determining Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Elastic Concrete Material Based on the Inversion of Spherical Wave.

The paper presents a new method to study the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under low pressure and a high strain rate via the inversion of spherical wave propagation. The dynamic parameters of rate-dependent constitutive relation of elastic concrete are determined by measured velocity histories of spherical waves. Firstly, the particle velocity time history profiles in the low stress elastic region at the radii of 100.6 mm, 120.6 mm, 140.6 mm, 160 mm, and 180.6 mm are measured in the semi-infinite space of concrete by using the mini-explosive ball and electromagnetic velocity measurement technology. Then, based on the universal spherical wave conservation equation and the fact that the accommodation relationship in state equation satisfies linear elastic law, the inverse problem analysis of spherical waves in concrete (called "NV + T0/SW") is proposed, which can obtain the dynamic numerical constitutive behavior of concrete in three-dimensional stress by measuring the velocity histories. The numerical constitutive relation is expressed in the form of distortion, and it is found that the distortion law has an obvious rate effect. Finally, the rate-dependent dynamic parameters in concrete are determined by the standard linear solid model. The results show that the strain rate effect of concrete cannot be ignored with the strain rate range of 102 1/s. This study can provide a feasible method to determine the dynamic parameters of rate-dependent constitutive relation of concretes. This method has good applicability, especially in the study of the dynamic behavior of multicomponent composite materials with large-size particle filler.

Devices: A location for feminist analytics and praxis

AbstractThis article offers the device as a methodological tool and concrete space for feminist praxis that can challenge the order of a world that is patriarchal, racist, and organized around capital extraction. Material or immaterial in form, a device is a tool through which different actors ground, produce, and concretize technological, legal, scientific, and political work. Many objects can become devices when pragmatically activated toward a particular effect; the challenge is to grasp them as such in the field and assess them for their political power and potential to bring forth possible worlds. Through examples from anthropology and adjacent literatures, we show how people accomplish three kinds of political work through their devices. Devices are sometimes used to solidify a domain of social life, such as the economy, the population, or race. Devices can constellate and produce a patterned effect, such as anti‐Blackness. Moreover, devices can be used to clear space for new and maybe unexpected possibilities. We end by articulating how the device, by way of its artificiality, offers potential pathways for furthering ethnographic and analytic practices and performing feminist political work.

The Criteria for Assessing the Safety of Buildings with a Reinforced Concrete Frame during an Earthquake after a Fire

In the paper, there was researched sensitivity of the criteria for evaluation of seismic resistance of reinforced structures (modes and frequencies of oscillations, displacements, and strains) in relation to various position of fire impact as exemplified by three-span five-storey reinforced concrete space frame. The relevance of the study is justified, the degree of the problem’s development is grounded. There were analyzed the main lines of the research connected with experimental and numerical testing of both discrete structures and full-sized buildings. Numerical analysis was conducted by means of the software complex Ansys, the linear-spectral method was used. Fire impact is simulated by means of damages to reinforced concrete members in one of the building’s units. 16 variants of points of fire outbreak were considered. According to the calculation results, it was stated that for all the variants of fire outbreak frequencies of self-oscillations for reinforced concrete frames after the fire had been found lower than for the non-damaged frame. The modal analysis has shown that the type of longitudinal and bending oscillations had undergone changes. The maximum amplitude of frames’ oscillations after the fire was found insignificantly lower than for the non-damaged frame. Within the floor of fire outbreak location, the displacement increased immensely so that led to failure to comply with the value of inter-floor shifts and the increase of the 2nd order effects. Redistribution of bending moments in reinforced concrete framings was observed. The loading in damaged members decreased due to the members’ strain capacity whereas the extra loading is added to the adjacent members. If compared with the case of the frame non-damaged by fire, overloading of columns can reach up to 20%. Conceptual description of fracture behavior of the frame is outlined assuming its non-linear behavior. The possible lines of further development are set for the methods of seismic analysis of the buildings with reinforced concrete frame after the event of fire.

The Reshaping of Home, Privacy and Identity During a Pandemic

ABSTRACT The ways we experience and construct our homes help us know and define who we are. The digital age and the immense presence of social media in people's lives have led to the redefining and, some argue, erasures of the boundaries between ‘private' and ‘public' spheres. Recently, with wide-scale lockdowns and the mass movement of workspaces to homes in response to COVID-19, these boundaries have been altered particularly radically and universally. This paper explores the changing role and function of the home as more than simply a house – or a physical, concrete space – but as multiple, fluid and sometimes intangible spaces. Analysing Australian digital audio fiction series The Fitzroy Diaries, it investigates how individuals negotiate structures of power in these spaces during COVID-19 to create a sense of home but also a sense of self. A close textual analysis illustrates the ways that those living through the pandemic witness and negotiate on the one hand the shrinking of their internal worlds, but on the other hand the opening up of these into ‘outside’ realms, and how individuals are positioned in relation to these changing spaces of home according to their access to power and privilege.