Concrete Roof Tiles Research Articles

An experimental study on natural weathering of radionuclides from urban surfaces for aerosols deposited in wet and dry conditions

The European Model for Inhabited Areas (ERMIN) predicts long-term doses and other consequences following contamination of built-up areas by airborne radioactivity. Central to ERMIN are empirical models of the long-term behaviour of radionuclides on building and other surfaces in the environment. Experiments in which building materials were contaminated, and weathered outdoors for up to 1 year following contamination have enhanced the data on weathering from surfaces that can be used in ERMIN. New data have been obtained for the elements americium, cadmium, caesium, cobalt, iodine, ruthenium and strontium and for the surfaces brick, concrete and clay roof tiles, concrete slabs, glass, sandstone, tarmac and wood cladding. The results have highlighted some differences between the retention of aerosols on surfaces, particularly for glass. This paper presents a summary of the results and identifies the main differences in retention observed.

Study of Surface Treatment of Freshly Fabricated Concrete Roof Tiles

This study deals with stability and quality of surface treatment of concrete roof tiles, considering the use of special inorganic binders spraying onto freshly prefabricated surface of concrete roof tiles. Their application leads to smoothing of surface defects generated from previous processing. Method of applying the coating is discussed in this work among with stability study of styrene-acrylate cement mixtures. Impact of presence of selected styrene-acrylate copolymer onto the hydration of cement is evaluated, in order to verify, for how long could be prepared mixture used for treating freshly fabricated surface of concrete roof tiles. Pull-off tests results after freeze-thaw test are further presented in this study to verify designed coating process properties.

PREDICTING THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF ROOFING SYSTEMS IN SURABAYA

Traditional roofing systems in the developing country likes Indonesia are still be dominated by the 30o, 45o, and more pitched angle roofs; the roofing cover materials are widely used to traditional clay roof tiles, then modern concrete roof tiles, and ceramic roof tiles. In the 90’s decay, shop houses are prosperous built with flat concrete roofs dominant. Green roofs and roof ponds are almost rarely built to meet the sustainable environmental issues. Some tested various roof systems in Surabaya were carried out to observe the roof thermal performances. Mathematical equation model from three references are also performed in order to compare with the real project tested. Calculated with equation (Kabre et al.), the 30o pitched concrete-roof-tile, 30o clay-roof-tile, 45o pitched concrete-roof-tile are the worst thermal heat flux coming to room respectively. In contrast, the bare soil concrete roof and roof pond system are the least heat flux streamed onto room. Based on predicted calculation without insulation and cross-ventilation attic space, the roof pond and bare soil concrete roof (greenery roof) are the appropriate roof systems for the Surabaya’s climate; meanwhile the most un-recommended roof is pitched 30o or 45o angle with concrete-roof tiles roofing systems.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of ceramic versus concrete roof tiles in the Brazilian context

Abstract The Brazilian ceramic industry is responsible for providing more than 90% of the roof coverings and wall bricks in the country, producing more than 15 billion pieces per year. In order to compare the life cycle impacts of ceramic versus concrete roofing tiles and identify potential improvements in ceramic products, we carried out a life cycle impact assessment of both products. This study aimed to compare the life cycle impacts of ceramic and concrete roof coverage over 1 m 2 , with an assumed life time of 20 years in Brazil. Nine different sensitivity analyses were carried out followed by a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to verify the robustness of the study. The results show that ceramic tiles appear to have less impact than concrete tiles on Climate Change, Resource Depletion and Water Withdrawal, while for the remaining damage categories, Human Health and Ecosystem Quality, the difference between the two alternatives was too low to be considered significant. The use of wood chips led to significant impacts, mainly related to respiratory inorganics. Assessment of the data quality identified that the data is of generally high or acceptable quality. The sensitivity analysis and uncertainty assessment show that the conclusions are robust.

Roof Material Detection Based on Object-Based Approach Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery

One of the most important tasks in urban remote sensing is the detection of impervious surfaces (IS), such as roofs and roads. However, detection of IS in heterogeneous areas still remains one of the most challenging tasks. In this study, detection of concrete roof using an object-based approach was proposed. A new rule-based classification was developed to detect concrete roof tile. This proposed rule-based classification was applied to WorldView-2 image and results showed that the proposed rule has good potential to predict concrete roof material from WorldView-2 images, with 85% accuracy.

Surface Treatment of Concrete Roof Tiles

Therein the application of special inorganic binders onto a freshly prefabricated surface of concrete roof tiles for the purpose of improving the quality of surface properties is reported. The possibilities of preparation of polymer-cement matrix with improvement gained from plasticizers are discused to obtain sprayable coating for roof tiles. Use of sprayable coating leads to smoothing of surface defects generated from previous processing of roof tiles thus improving the quality of surface leading to better durability of roof tiles with just a low increase of manufacturing cost.

Waste Marble Utilization from Residue Marble Industry as a Substitution of Cement and Sand within Concrete Rooftile Production

Research on alternative materials primarily from waste have been additional material at area manufacture of building materials , especially concreteroof tile [ 1 ] - [ 17 ] . This research will expand utilization of marble waste vBulletin East Java region of Indonesia in the manufacture of concrete roof tiles by combining the use of sand and waste marble powder as a substitute for riversand and portland cement .. This research creates material innovation product of environmentally friendly with relatively low prices without compromising quality. The purpose of research is to find the composition of the mixed-use waste marble tile that produces the most optimal strength . Experimental method used in this study to test the basic material and test physical and mechanical properties of concrete roof tiles ( bending loads , water absorption and resistance to water seepage ) in accordance with ISO 0096 : 2007 with eight variations in material composition . Concrete tile with marble waste produces a lighter weight 3.6 % - 12.3 % . Replacement PC with marble powder by 20 % qualify flexural strength , water absorption ( no more than 10 % ) and there is no seepage within 20 hours ± 5 minutes . Composition tile marble concrete using waste as a substitute for river sand PC and a decent and qualified SNI 0096:2007 is a composition of 0.8 PC : 0.2 SL : 1 Ps : 2 PSL and composition 0.8 PC : 0.2 SL : 3 PSL . While most optimum is 0.8 composition PC : 0.2 SL : 1 Ps : 2 PSL . which produces Flexture1141 N.

Field Investigation of the Small House with the Ventilated Roof Tiles

This paper investigates the thermal performances and heat gain reduction of a new roof tile design referred as Ventilated Roof Tile (VRT) compared with an ordinary corrugated concrete roof tiles (CCR). The outside dimension of each small house was 1.70 x 1.70 x 2.85 m3 (W x L x H) and inside dimension was 1.50 x 1.50 x 2.20 m3. The volume of each room was 4.95 m3. The gable roofs slope were 25o and surface area of VRT was 2.58 m2 per each side facing north and south. The VRT tile composed of upper cement plate 40 × 40 cm2 and lower cement plate 30 x 40 cm2. Between plates was 3 cm thickness air gap. The experimental results showed that the top surface of VRT was lower than CCR about 2.10°C for average temperature (from 6:00 18:00) and made VRT room temperature lower than CCR about 1.41°C for average temperature. VRT could reduce heat gain with air flow rate through the roof tiles gaps varied following the solar radiation, during time 8:00-17:00 the natural ventilation varied from 0.003-0.014 m3/s (10.6-50.0 m3/hr.). Observed that, during 17:00-18:00, the air flow rate is about 0.003 m3/s (10.8 m3/hr.) due to heat accumulated in the attic space and roof tiles.

Titanium Dioxide Photocleans Polluted Air

Titanium Dioxide Photocleans Polluted Air

Development Of Test Methods For Fibre Reinforced Roofing Tiles

A series of sisal fibre reinforced concrete roofing tiles were produced and tested using both standard methods and non-standard methods of testing corrugated Roman II tiles. The concrete was blended with ground granulated blast-furnace slag to various degrees to determine the optimum blend. The effectiveness of solar chamber curing was studied. The curing method was based on the utilization of solar energy to produce moisture movement in a sealed system with a chamber temperature that is significantly higher than the normal level in the surroundings. The failure modes and strengths of the tiles under bending load were presented and discussed. The effect of admixtures was also investigated on some of the samples. The viability of the techniques studied for commercial production of concrete roofing tiles was discussed.

Mechanical Characterization of Concrete Roof Tiles

Mechanical Characterization of Concrete Roof Tiles

Performance of hurricane shutters under impact by roof tiles

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the performance of shutter systems designed to protect windows from windborne debris. Observations from post hurricane damage investigations have found that a wide variety of windborne debris types cause damage to buildings, including roof tiles in residential neighborhoods. This investigation subjected steel and aluminum storm panel shutters to impact from concrete roof tiles commonly used in hurricane prone regions. 4.1 kg (9 lb) tiles were launched at 15.25 m/s (50 fps) using a custom apparatus, duplicating the 2×4 (in.) lumber impact product certification test in both missile weight and impact speed. The tests were then repeated using 2×4 lumber, providing a comparison of performance as a function of debris type. The test matrix included steel panels of three different thicknesses and aluminum panels of two different thicknesses. Three manufacturers of each of the five storm panel types were tested, each using two common installation methods. Tests were conducted with tiles impacting on their edge and impacting flat. Results demonstrate a significant difference in both total and plastic shutter deflection for tile impacts vs. 2×4 lumber. With regard to the vulnerability of the glass being protected, the results suggest that the current standards may not be conservative under circumstances likely to occur in tile roof residential neighborhoods.

Laboratory Evaluation to Reduce Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust When Cutting Concrete Roofing Tiles Using a Masonry Saw

Respirable crystalline silica dust exposure in residential roofers is a recognized hazard resulting from cutting concrete roofing tiles. Roofers cutting tiles using masonry saws can be exposed to high concentrations of respirable dust. Silica exposures remain a serious threat for nearly two million U.S. construction workers. Although it is well established that respiratory diseases associated with exposure to silica dust are preventable, they continue to occur and cause disability or death. The effectiveness of both a commercially available local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system and a water suppression system in reducing silica dust was evaluated separately. The LEV system exhausted 0.24, 0.13, or 0.12 m 3 /sec of dust laden air, while the water suppression system supplied 0.13, 0.06, 0.03, or 0.02 L/sec of water to the saw blade. Using a randomized block design, implemented under laboratory conditions, the aforementioned conditions were evaluated independently on two types of concrete roofing tiles (s-shape and flat) using the same saw and blade. Each engineering control (LEV or water suppression) was replicated eight times, or four times for each type of tile. Analysis of variance was performed by comparing the mean airborne respirable dust concentrations generated during each run and engineering control treatment. The use of water controls and ventilation controls compared with the “no control” treatment resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of mean respirable dust concentrations generated per tile cut. The percent reduction for respirable dust concentrations was 99% for the water control and 91% for the LEV. Results suggest that water is an effective method for reducing crystalline silica exposures. However, water damage potential, surface discolorations, cleanup, slip hazards, and other requirements may make the use of water problematic in many situations. Concerns with implementing an LEV system to control silica dust exposures include sufficient capture velocity, additional weight of the saw with the LEV system, electricity connections, and cost of air handling unit.

ANALISIS PERBAIKAN KUALITAS GENTENG BETON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI

A concrete roof tile company wanted to improve the quality and reduce product defects or rework of products, but companies in the production of concrete roof tile products still fragile because of strong press tiles that are not in accordance with predetermined specifications.To overcome these problems, have made a study to identify factors that influence control of a strong press and concrete roof tiles to get the best settings in producing a product that is expected to perform design of experiments using Taguchi Method to factors that can be controlled by the Cement ( A), water (B), Fly Ash (C) and Dust Stone (D).Each factor had 3 levels of treatment and based on the total number of free degrees in this experiment the orthogonal matrix ( 13 )27 L 3 is used. Based on the results obtained so semenyang largest contribution to the average strength of concrete roof tile press, which is 18.642% of dust and rock that is a combination of 8.167% and the right to obtain a strong tap-concrete roof tiles desired .

Properties and Performances of Concrete Tiles Containing Waste Fired Clay Materials

Industrial waste fired clay materials, which are good pozzolans, can be used in place of cement in the manufacture of precast concrete products. This paper analyzes the use of industrial waste fired clay as pozzolanic materials for the manufacture of concrete roofing tiles, exploring the microstructure and morphology of the resulting concrete and their impact on product properties and performance. All trials and measurements were taken on an industrial ceramic product subsequently used in a second industrial process to manufacture concrete tiles, which were found to meet market standards. Porosity was observed to be greater in the waste fired clay product in only one trial, while the proportion of pores with larger diameters was found to decline. The microstructural studies revealed the existence of pozzolanic reaction products and an incomplete cement reaction, as in the control specimens, due to the processing conditions. This effect caused an increase in flexural strength after 28 days.

Engineering Properties of Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles

"ENGINEER", established in 1973 by The Institution of Engineers, is a Journal for dissemination of Engineering knowledge, published quarterly.Cover DescriptionCover images show a schematic diagram of a Pumped-Storage Hydroelectricity (PSH) facility and one of the promising sites for PSH in Sri Lanka. The latter image was obtained from the publicly available JICA report on “Development Planning on Optimal Power Generation for Peak Demand in Sri Lanka”. The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka acknowledges JICA for the image.If you are interested in contributing an Original Technical Paper based on research by the author(s) (intended for Section I) or an Original Article of Professional or Technical interest related to Engineering. (Section II) to this journal please go through the publication checklist which can be downloaded from here.

Sustainable Disaster Mitigation: Ecomaterials in Reconstruction Projects in Cuba

Cuba has recently endured the impact of hurricanes Lili (1996), George (1998), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Isidore (2002), Lili (2002), Charlie and Ivan (2004). The provinces of Villa Clara, Matanzas and Pinar del Río have suffered the major damage, basically in coastal towns where thousands of houses have been destroyed, and families displaced from their homes. Tackling this problem proves to be complicated. Decision-makers face two choices: (a) to concentrate the scarce resources - including post disaster aid - on emergency actions to reduce only the damages caused by the hurricane, or (b) to improve in a sustainable way existing houses through better and more efficient material supply. In both cases, the possibility of local production of building materials becomes a crucial factor. The Centre for Investigation and Development of Structures and Materials (CIDEM) has been involved in disaster-response projects in the area since 1996. The thrust has been the manufacture of ecomaterials such as micro concrete roofing (MCR) tiles, pozzolanic cement CP-40 and hollow concrete blocks, which provide the means to build affordable and hurricane safe houses. These materials are produced on the basis of local raw materials and labour in small workshops based directly in the communities. The widespread use of ecomaterials on the northern coast of Villa Clara province has been a key aspect in decreasing the vulnerability of the houses against hurricanes. The fact that these materials have withstood the impact of various hurricanes without significant damage has drawn the attention of local governments, communities and donors. The presentation of case studies in this paper will illustrate this experience.

Development and testing of HVOF-sprayed tungsten carbide coatings applied to moulds for concrete roof tiles

Corrugated steel moulds, so-called ‘gliders’ used to shape, densify and burnish concrete roof tiles are subject to severe abrasive sliding wear caused by the action of hard quartz grains in the moving concrete mass. Hard surface coatings based on tungsten carbide (WC) applied to the gliders are thought to reduce substantially the friction between concrete slab and forming tool and hence the loss of tool material, and also to improve their burnishing (smoothing) capability. Various HVOF-sprayed WC-based coatings on hardened X210Cr12 tool steel substrates were evaluated with respect to their performance in abrasive wear tests. Three tests were performed that stressed the coating surfaces in different ways: a 2-body Taber ® Abraser abrasive-rolling integral wear test, a 2-body dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion test according to ASTM G65-91, and a 3-body ring-on-block sliding wear test. Volumetric losses and changes in the surface roughness parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the concrete slab showed that coatings with a low surface roughness level but high roughness anisotropy, i.e. preferential ‘grooving’ parallel to the loading direction, performed best in ASTM G65-91 wear tests as well as in service tests under real operating conditions.

Influence of iron oxide pigments on the properties of concrete interlocking blocks

Concrete interlocking blocks (CIBs) are utilized in a variety of commercial, municipal, and industrial applications. Superior engineering properties, low maintenance, ease of placement and removal, reuse of original blocks, aesthetic appeal, and immediate availability are the primary reasons for choosing concrete block pavement over other paving surfaces. It is a common practice to pigment building materials, such as mortar, concrete pavers, concrete roof tiles, and prefabricated concrete products; CIBs are colored using iron oxide pigments. This article presents experimental results detailing the properties of CIBs dyed with pigments. The results of these experiments are as follows: Because the particles of iron oxide pigments are finer than those of brown iron oxide, interlocking blocks mixed with the former acquired higher color strength than with the latter. Additional analysis determined a definite relationship between the flexural strength and the absorption ratio of pigment-dyed blocks; the correlation coefficient ( R 2) of interlocking blocks at 91 days was .90. It is suggested that if iron oxide pigments are to be used to color CIBs, the pigment-to-cement ratio should be below 4%.

Automatic blast machine

Corrugated steel moulds, so-called ‘gliders’ used to shape, densify and burnish concrete roof tiles are subject to severe abrasive sliding wear caused by the action of hard quartz grains in the moving concrete mass. Hard surface coatings based on tungsten carbide (WC) applied to the gliders are thought to reduce substantially the friction between concrete slab and forming tool and hence the loss of tool material, and also to improve their burnishing (smoothing) capability. Various HVOF-sprayed WC-based coatings on hardened X210Cr12 tool steel substrates were evaluated with respect to their performance in abrasive wear tests. Three tests were performed that stressed the coating surfaces in different ways: a 2-body Taber® Abraser abrasive-rolling integral wear test, a 2-body dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion test according to ASTM G65-91, and a 3-body ring-on-block sliding wear test. Volumetric losses and changes in the surface roughness parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the concrete slab showed that coatings with a low surface roughness level but high roughness anisotropy, i.e. preferential ‘grooving’ parallel to the loading direction, performed best in ASTM G65-91 wear tests as well as in service tests under real operating conditions.