Concrete Features Research Articles

Concrete Creep Prediction Based on Improved Machine Learning and Game Theory: Modeling and Analysis Methods

Understanding the impact of creep on the long-term mechanical features of concrete is crucial, and constructing an accurate prediction model is the key to exploring the development of concrete creep under long-term loads. Therefore, in this study, three machine learning (ML) models, a Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost), are constructed, and the Hybrid Snake Optimization Algorithm (HSOA) is proposed, which can reduce the risk of the ML model falling into the local optimum while improving its prediction performance. Simultaneously, the contributions of the input features are ranked, and the optimal model’s prediction outcomes are explained through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The research results show that the optimized SVM, RF, and XGBoost models increase their accuracies on the test set by 9.927%, 9.58%, and 14.1%, respectively, and the XGBoost has the highest precision in forecasting the concrete creep. The verification results of four scenarios confirm that the optimized model can precisely capture the compliance changes in long-term creep, meeting the requirements for forecasting the nature of concrete creep.

Expanding the Concept of Sustainable Interaction Design: A Systematic Review

This paper presents a systemic literature review of Sustainable Interaction Design. We use the PRISMA model to guide the review. In the analysis of the identified papers, we identify an emergent and significant shift in the discourse on Sustainable Interaction Design from its original introduction in 2007. The shift in discourse concerns extensions both in the methodology as well as the impact, which is oddly underexplored. Regarding the methodology, we found that the objectives of sustainability are pursued by the concrete features of designed artifacts or through the use impact of design and that the design contains a process of learning for all participating parties, captured in the notion of sustainability in designing. By complementing this with the pursued impact of social, environmental, and economic sustainability, we point to where the current research tends to cluster, which areas are underexplored, and, thus, where new research agendas are needed. Here, the limited interest in studying how Interaction Design fosters sustainability while including an economic perspective stands out. In the concluding parts of this paper, we propose future research trajectories of SID and speculate and discuss opportunities and challenges for future research.

Artificial intelligence and work transformations: integrating sensemaking and workplace learning perspectives

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the process of initial sensemaking that organizational members activate when they reflect on AI adoption in their work settings, and how the perceived features of AI technologies trigger sensemaking processes which in turn have the potential to influence workplace learning modes and trajectories.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted an explorative qualitative and interactive approach to capture free fantasies and imaginative ideas of AI among people within the industry. We adopt a conceptual perspective that combines theories on initial sensemaking and workplace learning as a theoretical lens to analyze data collected during 23 focus groups held at four large Swedish manufacturing companies. The data were analyzed using the Gioia method.FindingsTwo aggregated dimensions were defined and led to the development of an integrated conceptualization of the initial sensemaking of AI technology adoption. Specifically, sensemaking triggered by abstract features of AI technology mainly pointed to an exploitative learning path. Sensemaking triggered by concrete features of the technology mainly pointed to explorative paths, where socio-technical processes appear to be crucial in the process of AI adoption.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that attempts to explore and conceptualize how organizations make sense of prospective workplace learning in the context of AI adoption.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION OF EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE BY ADDING CARBON ADDITIVES

Epoxy asphalt concrete is a durable, high-quality material consisting of epoxy resins, hardeners, and the mineral part itself. Accordingly, slow-hardening epoxy asphalt concrete has high physical properties and low sensitivity to temperature changes, which makes it usable as a rigid pavement and applicable even on metal and concrete bridge decks. However, a downside of epoxy asphalt concrete is its ability to gain strength over a long period of operation (up to 1 year). It is a disadvantage when using such coatings in the upper layer of the road surface. In addition, a long period of strength gain during intensive use of the road pavement leads to critical destruction of the pavement itself, plastic deformation, and a reduction in the service life (which may differ much from the standard). Using metal fibre substantially increases the strength and keeps the area from collapsing. The use of metal elements can significantly reduce the performance of the tires of vehicles that will drive on the road and even create a hazard in the event of destruction of the epoxy asphalt concrete area. Using epoxy binders notably increases the strength characteristics of road materials, especially at high temperatures, and boosts their ability to resist rutting. At the same time, the characteristics of epoxy concrete do not decrease during operation and at low temperatures, which indicates the versatility of such a material. The only drawback that cancels out all the positive features of epoxy asphalt concrete is its long strength gain. This disadvantage not only led to the problems mentioned above but also delayed the opening of traffic, which, especially on roads of higher categories, caused traffic disruption and inconvenience to the movement of vehicles. The authors proposed a solution to this problem by developing an improved epoxy asphalt concrete composition by introducing fibre ash into the developed composition as a reinforcing and structuring additive that accelerates the pavement formation time and strengthens the asphalt matrix in epoxy asphalt concrete. Keywords: epoxy asphalt concrete, additive, fibre, fly ash, combustion products.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMSUMER LOYALTY OF E-COMMERCE COMPANIES FLIPKART AND AMAZON

This study compares Flipkart and Amazon in particular to delve into the nuances of client loyalty in the Indian e-commerce business. It uses a mixed-method approach to find the key variables affecting customer loyalty by combining surveys with other methods. According to the study, developing a following of devoted clients requires a variety of factors. On the one hand, it is essential to have concrete features like a user-friendly platform, competitive pricing, variety, and high-quality products delivered quickly. The report does stress, though, that loyalty is more than simply business. Strong brand identity and ethical business practices are critical, as demonstrated by the value of brand reputation and trust. The study demonstrates how Flipkart and Amazon use various approaches to foster customer loyalty. Flipkart creates a feeling of community by customizing the shopping experience for its customers through engaging marketing campaigns, special deals, and tailored suggestions. On the other hand, in order to expedite the shopping experience and encourage recurring transactions, Amazon places a high priority on a wide range of products, a strong logistical network, and reward programs like Amazon Prime. Notably, both businesses use artificial intelligence and data analytics to improve customer satisfaction and personalize services.One of the main challenges facing the e-commerce industry is security issues. While consumers like the ease of online purchasing, the survey notes that distrust and loyalty can be hampered by worries about data privacy, cybersecurity, and fake goods. According to the study, Flipkart and Amazon have taken steps to allay these worries, including putting strong security measures in place, guaranteeing authenticity, and keeping open lines of communication with their patrons. KEY WORDS: INDIA, E-COMMERCE, LOYALTY, FLIPKART, AMAZON, STRATEGY, FACTORS, CUSTOMER.

Nanotechnology and high-performance concrete: Evaluating mechanical transformations

The High-performance concrete (HPC) is defined by the attained strength and durability that are superior to conservative techniques. The features of ordinary concrete that are achieved at certain times and locations, used to establish the standards for HPC. The use of nanotechnology in HPC is attracted significant attention globally because of its small particle sizes, filling capacities, enormous surface areas and strong macro quantum tunnel property. By adding nanotechnology to HPC, it increases the whole diameters of the cementations matrix, improves cement hydration and raises matrix density. This study provides a review of current developments in HPC and assesses the effects of different nanotechnology on HPC characteristics, to provide an in-depth understanding of the potential of nanotechnology reinforced in HPC. This review evaluates the mechanical characteristics of HPC containing compressive strength (CS) by applying nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide, nano titanium dioxide and carbon nano tubes. According to findings in this review, introducing different nanotechnology enhances HPC's mechanical properties while decreasing its flexibility. While integrating nanotechnology into HPC for the greatest possible outcomes in construction, review contributes to expand the collection of information in the area of building materials. To provide a low-impact construction material and an ecologically friendly solution, more consideration is required given to nanoparticles' antibacterial, self-cleaning, air depolluting and air-cooling properties. By increasing the reactivity of various fillers, including nanoparticles with other mineral admixtures reduces the quantity of cement needed in concrete.

A novel facial age estimation through super-resolution based on deep learning

Age estimation encounters challenges due to the low resolution (LR) of images captured in real-world scenarios, emphasizing the critical role of image quality in achieving accurate age estimations. Despite efforts to enhance age estimation through LR image training, existing methodologies often overlook the incorporation of super-resolution (SR) as a crucial pre-processing step for LR images. This study introduces an innovative approach that integrates SR of facial images with age estimation methodologies. Specifically, a hierarchical reconstruction network (HRN) structure is employed to train LR images, fully integrating shallow concrete features and deep abstract features. Validation of the training outcomes includes evaluation metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measurement, showing superior performance compared to several state-of-the-art approaches. Subsequently, an enhanced soft stage regression network is designed for facial age measurement and trained using the SR-IMDB dataset generated by HRN to minimize mean absolute error. This approach achieves a final result of 7.33, indicating an average performance improvement of 10.94% compared to five other state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of integrating SR into the age estimation process.

Use Crumb Rubber Chips in Partial Substitution of Coarse Aggregate While Preparing Concrete

Abstract: The purpose of this experimental investigation is to examine the behaviour features of rubberized concrete, which has coarse aggregate in place of some of the tyre rubber. Over 270 million scrap tyres are thought to be produced annually. One of the main problems in India is the disposal of discarded tyres in landfills, which is the responsibility of local governments and municipalities. Because it is not biodegradable, there are serious concerns to human health, the environment, and fire. The most promising uses of tyres in engineering are as aggregates for asphalt and concrete, artificial reefs, and erosion management, aside from gasoline obtained from tyres. Concrete's characteristics could be greatly improved in a variety of ways by using recycled tyre rubber as part of the aggregate. One of the most often used building materials is concrete. Because of this, the building sector is constantly looking for new applications and uses for its products, as well as ways to improve them while keeping costs down. The reference concrete specimen is made of M30 grade concrete. Rubber chips from scrap tyres have been utilised in place of traditional coarse aggregate as coarse aggregate. This will enable the efficient and widespread handling of rubber tyre waste in addition to enabling the sustainable use of the aggregates that are already accessible to us. After separating the rubber tyre waste into coarse chips, this tyre crumb aggregate is applied in increments of 5%, 10%, or 15% to replace the coarse aggregate. In order to determine the best way to employ crumb rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete, this study assessed the workability and compressive strength of rubberized concrete

The development of the Broaching Assessment Scale: A client-rated measure of therapists’ broaching behaviour in clinical counselling*

Objective: Addressing ethnic-cultural topics during the process of psychotherapy, i.e. broaching, is considered highly important for ethnic minority clients who consult mental health care services. Surprisingly little is known, however, about clients’ perception of a therapist’s broaching qualities, and how clients’ mental construction of broaching translates into behavioural broaching acts a therapist may display. Method: Based on previous work and nine in-depth interviews with ethnic minority clients, a client-rated measure of therapists’ broaching behaviour was developed and psychometrically evaluated in two samples. Sample 1 (N = 252 UK ethnic minority clients) was used to empirically delineate the factor structure of an initial item set. Participants were then resolicited to complete a revised item pool. Results: The empirical structure resulted in a final 25-item broaching instrument with five subscales probing into therapists’ broaching behaviour. This Broaching Assessment Scale (BrAS) was validated in Sample 2 (N = 239 US ethnic minority clients). Strict measurement invariance of the factor structure was observed across the two samples and distinctive correlational patterns with therapeutic process measures were found. Conclusion: The BrAS provides new insights on how sensitivity to ethnic-cultural topics can be targeted along its concrete features, and is a promising tool for conceptualizing culturally sensitive mental healthcare assessment.

Impact Resistance of Rubberized Alkali-Activated Concrete Incorporating Recycled Aggregate and Recycled Steel Fiber

Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) features excellent mechanical properties and sustainability. The incorporation of crumb rubber (CR), recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs), and recycled steel fibers (RSFs) can further enhance environmental sustainability. This paper mainly investigated the dynamic behaviors of a novel rubberized AAC incorporating RCAs and RSFs (RuAAC) through Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests. The variables included three types of RSF content (1%, 2% and 3%), five types of rubber content (0%, 5%, 20%, 35% and 50%) and five impact pressures (0.5 MPa, 0.6 MPa, 0.7 MPa, 0.8 MPa and 0.9 MPa). Dynamic stress–strain curves, dynamic strength, the dynamic increase factor (DIF), impact toughness and the synergistic effects of RSF and CR were discussed. The results show that increasing RSF and CR contents could improve the impact resistance of RuAAC under impact loading. The RuAAC exhibited significant strain rate sensitivity, and the sensitivity increased with larger contents of RSF and CR. The increase in strain rate sensitivity was more pronounced with higher CR contents, which was reflected in larger dynamic increase factor (DIF) values. Under high impact pressure, the impact toughness was obviously enhanced with higher RSF contents, while the contribution of increased CR content to impact toughness was not apparent, which may be attributed to the fact that this study only calculated the integral under the dynamic stress–strain curve before the peak stress to determine impact toughness, neglecting the potential contribution of CR particles after the peak point. The obvious strain sensitivity exhibited by the RuAAC in the SHPB tests indicated superior impact performance, making it particularly suitable for architectural structures prone to seismic or explosive impacts.

Comparative ultimate tensile strength of concrete and fibre concrete

The study is aimed at comparing the ultimate tensile stresses with respect to the crack resistance criteria of concrete and fibre concrete based on theoretical and experimental data. The resistance of concrete to cracking is determined by the ability to resist the formation and growth of cracks. According to the cracking resistance criterion, concrete deformations are limited by the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete matrix, insignificant for heavy concrete, and the introduction of dispersed reinforcement can significantly increase its tensile strength and crack resistance. Recommended methods for calculating the crack resistance of fibre concrete structures are based on the procedures, used to calculate the crack resistance of structures, reinforced with bars, and incompletely account the features of a fibre concrete as a structural material. In addition, although even a significant crack opening cause no effect on the bearing capacity of fibre concrete structures, generally accepted methods for calculating fibre concrete structures exclude cracking. The article discusses various options for calculating the ultimate tensile stresses of concrete and fibre concrete for ensuring crack resistance based on reference normative and experimental data. Dispersed reinforcement with metal fibres was established at least doubling the ultimate tensile strength according to the crack resistance criterion with even lowmodulus fibres effectively improving the crack resistance, which ensures a more reliable operation of structures, including during winter concreting.

Research on Concrete Compressive Strength Detection Technology Based on Intelligent Machine Vision

Abstract Concrete is the most common and important building material nowadays. Its compressive strength plays a crucial role in the result and safety of the building. To improve the efficiency of concrete compressive strength detection, this study combines intelligent machine vision technology to design a concrete compressive strength detection system. The features of concrete are extracted using the edge detection method. Then the extracted features are classified using the random forest method to complete the identification and localization of concrete. Based on this basis, the compressive strength of concrete is calculated and detected based on the conversion relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength. Finally, after testing the performance of the system, the practical effects of the system are examined. According to the results, the system’s detection rate is between 0.058 and 0.072 seconds, and the recognition accuracy and classification accuracy of the four different types of concrete detection exceed 80%. The relative error values for the detected compressive strength were 5.87% and 3.52%, respectively, and they passed the compressive strength detection of retardation diagrams in complex situations. The excellent performance of this study in real concrete detection meets the demand for concrete compressive detection in reality.

About Sacred Music by the Composers of the Gnesins’ House

The author of the article delineates as a special scholarly issue the study of sacred music by composers of the Gnesins’ House. The diverse aspects of its solution potentially include historical motives, subject matter and genres, content and form, meaning and its expression, etc. We can consider Sergei Trubachev (1919–1995), who was the head of the Conducting Department at the Gnesins’ State Musical-Pedagogical Institute, to be one of the founders of the present-day sacred musical creativity in Russia in the post-Soviet period. While examining the sacred music created rather recently by the composers from the Gnesin Russian Academy of Music — Kirill Volkov, Alexei Larin, Vladimir Dovgan, Andrei Mikita, Andrei Golovin, Valery Pyankov, and Valery Kikta, the author observes that there is a predominance of non-liturgical genres in it. The artistic approach of the composers in the sphere of the sacred musical space is characterized in the article as the interaction of the classical and non-classical, the traditional and the non-traditional elements. On the examples of sacred works by Kirill Volkov, Vladimir Dovgan, Alexei Larin and Andrei Mikita, the author highlights its concrete features: first of all, the connection of canonic and secular texts, traditional writing and contemporary intonational language.

A Study on Sustainable Concrete by using Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Waste Glass

Sustainable and affordable building materials are a developing concern in the construction sector. This abstract outline a creative method for creating a cost-effective concrete mix that uses discarded glass as the fine aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as the main coarse material. The goal is to investigate whether using recycled materials instead of traditional aggregates is feasible while both addressing environmental issues and lowering construction costs. The proposed concrete mix's mechanical qualities, financial ramifications, and environmental impact were all compared through laboratory experiments, a thorough assessment of the literature, and comparative analysis. The scrap glass came from glass bottles and other abandoned containers, while the RCA came from crushed concrete waste. The experimental studies assessed different concrete mix proportions while taking into account various replacement amounts for RCA and waste glass. Along with other crucial qualities like workability, density, and durability, the mechanical properties including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated. The test outcomes were contrasted with a control concrete mixture made up only of common aggregates. The results of the research show that using waste glass as fine aggregate and recycled coarse material in the making of concrete can substantially reduce building costs. The mechanical performance of the concrete was not significantly affected by the use of the RCA and waste glass in place of normal aggregates. Additionally, using these recycled materials lowers the amount of waste that is transported to landfills and helps conserve natural resources. Economic concrete mixtures that use waste glass as fine aggregate and recycled coarse material have enormous potential for green building techniques. This method is appealing for large-scale construction projects due to the lower material cost and positive environmental effects. To make sure the best mix proportions are employed, it is necessary to take the specific application into account as well as the engineering requirements. This study supports continuing initiatives to advance affordability and sustainability in the building sector. As well as studying further strategies to improve the engineering features of recycled aggregate-based concrete, future research could concentrate on examining the long-term performance and durability of the suggested concrete mix.

STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF FINE-GRAINED CEMENT CONCRETE USING PLASTICIZERS AND BASALT FIBER

The article deals with the experimental and theoretical substantiation of the use of basalt fiber as a promising material that can be used to produce a new class of building materials. The nature of the dependence of cement concrete properties on the method of introducing heattreated fiber and the type of plasticizer is revealed. The most effective is the preliminary loosening of the fiber in the mixing water in the presence of a naphthalene-formaldehyde superplasticizer, followed by the introduction of the suspension into the molding mixture. Adsorption of the plasticizer on the surface of the fiber leads to hydrophilization of its surface, which contributes to the uniform distribution of the fiber throughout the mixture and, as a result, increases the strength of the concrete. The use of the naphthalene-formaldehyde additive SP-1 makes it possible to increase the compressive strength by 10% and the flexural strength by 21% compared to formulations based on the polycarboxylate plasticizer Sika Visco Crete. The compositions of fine-grained concrete using heat-treated basalt fiber have been developed, which make it possible to obtain materials with class B25...B60 in terms of compressive strength; Btb2.8...Btb6.0 in terms of bending strength; frost resistance not less than F300. The analysis of the microstructural features of fiber concrete with reinforcing basalt microfiber shows that the modified (heat-treated at 500 °C) fiber in the cement matrix performs its function due to changes in its surface properties. The fiber acts as a substrate for the active crystallization of clinker minerals, which helps to increase the adhesion of binder hydration products to the fiber. This is due to the increased alkali resistance compared to untreated fiber, and, consequently, its stability and strength in the aggressive environment of cement batter, as well as due to its relatively higher activity. These circumstances are obviously the main reasons for the increase in the flexural strength of composite materials (concretes) using the studied cement systems.

Research on limestone calcined clay cement-based ultra-high performance concrete with high cement substitution: Mixture design and engineering properties

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is believed to be able to substitute Portland cement and promote low-carbon development in the concrete industry. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) features high proportions of cement. Herein, an LC3-based UHPC with high cement substitution was designed and optimized based on the D-optimal method, and its engineering properties, including workability, mechanical properties, hydration process, microstructural evolution, and carbon emission were evaluated. Results show that with an increase in LC3, the dynamic yield stress increases and the water film thickness decreases, which indicates that the workability of LC3-based UHPC reduces. When the substitution ratio is about 55 percent, the optimized LC3-based UHPC achieves the maximum compressive strength, about 146.05 MPa. XRD and TG results show that LC3 consumes portlandite by the pozzolanic reaction, which generates additional gel products. However, as the substitution ratio exceeds 55 percent, the degree of pozzolanic reaction drops, resulting in a decrease in the count of hydration products and compressive strength. The pore structure of LC3-based UHPC is refined, with fewer air voids and a larger percentage of gel pores compared to the normal UHPC. The optimized LC3-based UHPC with a substitution ratio higher than 50 percent in this study achieves high integrated performance with engineering applications and low carbon environmental value.

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Signs of a toy are distinguished upon different materials: archaeological, ethnographic, of folk art and of personal experience. In the shape of the toy, there are signs of the impossibility of using it as a real prototype object: the nonconformance in the material, size, and simplification of the design. Appearance of a toy accurately points to the real prototype. Unlike sacred images, the toy focuses on the reality and pleasantness of the look, unlike decorative ones, it subordinates the decorative features to the concrete features of the prototype, although the toy is associated with the style of the time. The toy’s features point at its use in the game, possibility of free movement in the game space: absence of any details tightly fastening it with other objects; presence of details contributing to movement and change of position. Concrete toys go out of use due to a change in the nature of the games, a change in the attitude of the player: growing up, propensity to admire, rejection due to taste preferences. Works of folk crafts called “toys” become interior decorations, figurines, beautiful gifts. But they preserve the idea of a game, looking at them the human mind recreates the game, and for some time homo becomes homo ludens.

Impact of waste materials (glass powder and silica fume) on features of high-strength concrete

Abstract Pozzolanic materials, glass powder, and silica fume (SF) have all been used in concrete recently as a partial cement substitution to increase the strength of the concrete. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of waste glass powder (WGP) and SF combination on high-strength concrete (HSC) characteristics. The working methodology of the current research consists of using SF passed through sieve No. 200, and WGP particles that passed through sieve No. 400 (particle size less than 38 µm), maximum size of aggregate (14, 20) mm and W/C + p (0.25, 0.35, and 0.45). The used waste materials were in three different amounts of SF and WGP (5, 10, and 15%) by weight of cement. HSC was tested for compressive strength, density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) with various glass powder and SF contents. The obtained results show that after 7 and 28 days, concrete specimens containing 15% glass powder and SF demonstrated an increase in density, UPV, and compressive strength, depending on the test results. Conversely, concrete specimens with 5% SF and WGP had decreased compressive strength, UPV, and density. It was detected that WGP gave high mechanical (compressive strength) and physical properties (density and UPV) than SF with a ratio of 15% and lower properties with a ratio of 5%. In HSC manufacturing, glass powder may be used instead of SF.

Exploring the piezoresistive sensing behaviour of ultra-high performance concrete: Strategies for multiphase and multiscale functional additives and influence of electrical percolation

Self-sensing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) features superior mechanical capacity, excellent erosion resistance, long life cycle, and broad range of stress sensing, and is expected to be a pathway towards next-generation smart cementitious composites. This study presents a novel strategy to achieve electrical percolation and elevate the piezoresistive sensing capability of UHPC through the incorporation of multiphase and multiscale functional additives including graphene (G) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The workability, compressive strength, microstructural characteristics, and alternating current (AC) impedance response are investigated. The effect of electrical percolation on the piezoresistive behaviour is studied and discussed using various ratios of G/CNT. Results indicate that as the G/CNT ratio decreases from 4:0 to 0:4, the compressive strength is reduced from 194.7 MPa to 166.3 MPa due to the certain increase in the plastic viscosity of fresh mixture and the proportion of harmful pores, although the basic requirement of 150 MPa is met. Moreover, the AC impedance response significantly moves left and the radius of high-frequency arc reduces from 72910 Ω to 1295 Ω, suggesting electrical percolation. Bounded by percolation threshold, the fractional change of resistance curves can be divided into a two-stage pattern (i.e., linear and nonlinear stages) and a three-stage mode (i.e., linear decrease, balance, and abrupt increase stages). An underlying mechanism is proposed to explain the tremendous change in piezoresistive behaviour of self-sensing UHPC, considering the tunneling-percolation theory and electromechanical coupling behaviour. Additionally, the gauge factors range from 11 to 28, which is higher than most of the existing reported values, demonstrating the great potential of using hybrid functional nano-additives in self-sensing UHPC.

JAVANESE MEDICINAL MEASURE LEXICONS (NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS) IN SERAT PRIMBON RERACIKAN JAMPI JAWI

Traditional medicine in a global context has been observed widely in several countries. Research on traditional medicine has not been massively conducted in Indonesia, especially in Java. The present research, in response to the area of this subject, is an initial study to observe and examine the traditional medicine in Java, especially the medicine measurement system recorded in Serat Primbon Racikan Jampi Jawi. The measure system in traditional medicine has various lexicons as has been revealed in the lexicalization of numeral classifiers and the cultural context of the measurement system in traditional medicine recorded in Serat Primbon Racikan Jampi Jawi. The theoretical perspectives are composed of culture, semantics, and lexicography; using note-taking techniques as the data collection, dictionary method as the data analysis, definition and meaning description as the data presentation as well as its meaning relations. Based on the observation, there were 77 (seventy-seven) Javanese measure lexicons consisting of 60 (sixty) base words, 5 (five) affixed words, and 13 (thirteen) word combinations in Serat Primbon Racikan Jampi Jawi. Meaning relations found from the lexicons were abstract meaning relations by using 7 (seven) concepts of retrieval and concrete features with 6 (six) compositional constructions. The measure was obtained from 9 (nine) other fields of lexicon and was used to measure 25 (twenty-five) types of ingredients with one-to-one relations, one-to-two or more relations, and two or more-to-one relations. This research indicated that (1) The form of language adapts to the creativity and references in the measure; (2) The meaning of the measure characterizes the experience and knowledge of the Javanese people on the traditional medicine system in their everyday life; and (3) The measure system is the answer to the needs, specifications, and inheritance of the local wisdom of the Javanese people, particularly in the field of traditional medicine.