Concrete Conditions Research Articles

Comprehensive index condition assessment of structural concrete based on surface wave techniques

To reliably assess the condition of concrete structures, a surface wave-based comprehensive index has been developed. Considering various factors (e.g., aggregate types) influencing the surface wave-based characteristics, a relative index for concrete condition assessment has presented. To address the conflicts between individual indexes, the weight for each index is determined in accordance with its credibility. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified by using test results from six concrete beams with different void volume ratios. Hereby three characteristics of surface waves (i.e., P- and R-wave velocities, and attenuation coefficient) are used to diagnose the concrete beams. It is found that the comprehensive index has the advantage in handling abnormal measurements of the individual indexes by reducing their weights to lower their influence on the final diagnosis. Comparison of the diagnoses based on the comprehensive index and individual indexes reveals that the comprehensive index performs much better than any other individual index. It matches greatly with the compressive strength of the concrete beams obtained from the destructive test. In conclusion, the proposed methodology presents a single comprehensive diagnostic feature with improved reliability on the fitness of the concrete structures for decision-makers.

Corporeal Consciousness: The Tattoo as Lived Temporality

The purpose of this article is to explore the foundations of the Sartrian notion of corporeal consciousness. Sartre's philosophy rejects the idea of a substantial body or a separate repository of consciousness. Instead, body and consciousness are two interconnected instances, forming a unified whole. In this view, the body is a temporal and concrete condition essential to human praxis. The act of tattooing the body reveals a skin that is drawn, colored, and shaded. The experience of the tattooed body can be understood through the three ontological dimensions proposed by Sartre.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA NYERI PERSALINAN DI KLINIK RAWAT INAP NU MADINAH PUJON KABUPATEN MALANG

Pain during labor is a concrete condition that threatens the birth mother, causing feelings of tension, worry and fear. For this reason, pregnant women try to be successful in dealing with this situation as best as possible until the time of delivery arrives, so support from their husband and family is really needed during the birth process, so that the mother feels safe and comfortable during the birth process. The sampling method was a total sampling of 30 pregnant women who experienced pain during childbirth. The data analysis method used is simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of research at the NU Madinah Pujon inpatient clinic, there is a calculated T value for the family support variable (X2) of 6.986 > T table 2.048, meaning there is a significant relationship between family support (X2) and a decrease in labor pain (Y). The conclusion in this case is that family support will bring a feeling of joy, a sense of security, a sense of satisfaction and a sense of comfort, which will make the mother in labor feel that she is getting emotional support which will affect her mental well-being, and can relax when the mother feels pain.

Natural carbonation of uncracked and cracked concrete: Sensitivity of regional geographical variations on the CO2 uptake-to-emissions ratio compared to global estimates

CO2 uptake in concrete due to natural carbonation is increasingly becoming a pivotal part of the effort towards understanding and achieving net-zero emissions in the cement and concrete sector by 2050. This study aims to estimate CO2 uptake and CO2 uptake-to-emission ratio (%) of concrete over a 50-year service life exposed to natural carbonation. The key scenarios include variations in: Canadian geographic locations; environmental climate data; concrete mix designs (with and without supplementary cementing materials); sheltered/exposed concrete conditions; and cracked/uncracked concrete. Overall, based on the model estimates of scenarios in this study, the CO2 uptake-to-emission ratio (%) for all 12 selected locations are generally lower than the 20–25 % reported in national and international cement and concrete roadmaps and action plans aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050. Although uncracked and cracked concrete containing 50 % slag can achieve between ∼20–30 % CO2 uptake-to-emission ratio, it should be noted such a mix design scenario has potential to have reinforcement corrosion and/or de-icer scaling concerns leading directly to structural safety-related vulnerabilities.

Serial characterization as a feminist ethics of care in Better Call Saul

We pursue the consequences of temporal complexity for character development in Better Call Saul (2015–22). We advance this argument by attempting an Aristotelian reading of Better Call Saul but then show some of the deficits that follow from transferring this methodology from theatrical to serialized televisual character. Following this, we highlight some of the deficits of a judgemental approach to character that appear within the narrative of Better Call Saul, and we propose instead to understand serialized character development ateleologically. This distinction introduces the relevance of a feminist ethics of care, which we believe provides a more relevant frame for the moral evaluation of serialized character. In contrast to the absolutism of universal principles, a feminist ethics of care orients one to understand those for whom one cares in ‘relational contexts’ that emphasize specific, material and concrete conditions. This dichotomy between judgement and care is dramatized within Better Call Saul through the interpretations that two characters bring to an extended deceit. Just as the discursive and diegetic complexity of the series prompts viewers to continually re-frame and re-evaluate Jimmy McGill, Jimmy likewise regularly uses a similar move of misdirection during his scams in which he invites other characters’ judgement about one aspect of his performance while accomplishing his actual goal by other means. Jimmy routinely invites judgement through taking on personae that he ultimately discards, reserving and preserving evaluation of his authentic motivations in continual acts of deferral. If Jimmy is ever rehabilitated, he arrives at such a possibility through an authentic confession directed towards the person who has cared most for him, Kim Wexler. Ultimately, we believe that Better Call Saul uses the structure of its serialized discourse to endorse the moral attention and responsiveness that are characteristic of a feminist ethic of care, rather than a system of characterization based on a teleological, final judgement that sees character from an endpoint looking backwards.

A criterion for nonzero multiplier for Orlicz spaces of an affine group $\mathbb{R}_{+}\times \mathbb{R}$

Let $\mathbb{A}=\mathbb{R}_{+}\times \mathbb{R}$ be an affine group with right Haar measure $d\mu$ and $\Phi_i$, $i=1,2$, be Young functions. We show that there exists an isometric isomorphism between the multiplier of the pair $(L^{\Phi_1}(\mathbb{A}),L^{\Phi_2}(\mathbb{A}))$ and $(L^{\Psi_2}(\mathbb{A}),L^{\Psi_1}(\mathbb{A}))$ where $\Psi_i$ are complementary pairs of $\Phi_i$, $i=1,2$, respectively. Moreover we show that under some conditions there is no nonzero multiplier for the pair $(L^{\Phi_1}(\mathbb{A}),L^{\Phi_2}(\mathbb{A}))$, i.e., for an affine group $\mathbb{A}$ only the spaces $M(L^{\Phi_1}(\mathbb{A}),L^{\Phi_2}(\mathbb{A}))$, with a concrete condition, are of any interest.

Legal collisions in the field regulation of labour of persons, convict to imprisonment with setting of additional punishment in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity

The article is sanctified to some questions, that arise up in the process of the legal adjusting of labour of persons, convict to imprisonment with setting of additional punishment in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity. Convolute attention on a tendency to reduction of application of this repressive measure in practice of courts. On the basis of the conducted analysis legal collisions were educed, in particular between the binding overs of criminally-executive legislation, positions of the International pact about civil and political rights and norms of penal law, in part of adjusting of labour of convict to imprisonment, and also actual contradiction between voluntarily realization of right to work and duty to work for persons, that leave punishment for the type of imprisonment that is descendant the short stories of criminally-executive legislation. It is accented on an actual association in legal maintenance «publicly useful work of convict to imprisonment» of three various on the nature types of labour, that stipulated the process of evaluation of such labour in the generalized kind without a selection and taking into account of specific of type of such activity.
 Author is offer adjustment of normative positions of Criminal Code, Criminally-Executive Code and department documents, criminally-executive relations sent to adjusting, namely: exception from the criminally-executive legislation of norm about obligatoryness of labour of this category of convict with simultaneous adjustment of mechanism of conditionally-early liberation by means of replacement of abstract formulation of «attitude toward labour» in p. 2 art. 81 Criminal Code by a concrete condition: by «realization of publicly-useful labour and absence of debts on executive documents».
 In addition, by an author convolute attention on the necessity of realization of next adjustment legislation: introduction of legal interpretation of concept «publicly-useful labour» to the binding overs of criminally- executive legislation with leaning of public interest in his rich in content loading; alignment jurisdictions of organ of probation and administration of criminally-executive establishments in part of implementation by them punishments in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity, appointed to convict to imprisonment in quality of additional punishment, by making alteration to art. 31 Criminally-Executive Code; expansion of maintenance of Rules of internal order of establishments of implementation of punishments by the gone into detail procedure of conclusion of labour treaty or agreement with convict to privation.

Case Study: Validation of the Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves Method for Concrete Pavement Condition Evaluation

Before conducting pavement rehabilitation, the concrete pavement performance evaluation is more than necessary to assess the strength and analyze the internal condition. To evaluate the modulus performance of concrete pavement and provide theoretical support for subsequent maintenance and rehabilitation, the SASW (Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves) method, a non-destructive testing method based on surface waves, was used to determine the modulus of three in-service concrete pavements. At the same time, FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) testing and on-site coring were carried out at the measuring points. Through the analysis of modulus results measured in the field, it was found that the SASW method can accurately obtain the elastic modulus of the concrete layer and base layer. Compared with the concrete modulus measured by FWD, the modulus measured by the SASW method was closer to the uniaxial compressive modulus. Moreover, since the SASW method has the ability to provide gradient modulus varying with depth and determine the pavement thicknesses, it is reasonable to recognize the location of the inherent distress based on the region where the modulus suddenly decreases within one layer. The comprehensive evaluation of concrete pavement condition, including the modulus value and internal distress recognition, has the capability to assist in determining the design of overlay asphalt thickness and material.

Towards non-invertible anomalies from generalized Ising models

We present a general approach to the bulk-boundary correspondence of noninvertible topological phases, including both topological and fracton orders. This is achieved by a novel bulk construction protocol where solvable (d+1)(d+1)-dimensional bulk models with noninvertible topology are constructed from the so-called generalized Ising (GI) models in dd dimensions. The GI models can then terminate on the boundaries of the bulk models. The construction generates abundant examples, including not only prototype ones such as \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2 toric code models in any dimensions no less than two, and the X-cube fracton model, but also more diverse ones such as the \mathbb{Z}_2x \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2xℤ2 topological order, the 4d \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2 topological order with pure-loop excitations, etc. The boundary of the solvable model is potentially anomalous and corresponds to precisely only sectors of the GI model that host certain total symmetry charges and/or satisfy certain boundary conditions. We derive a concrete condition for such bulk-boundary correspondence. The condition is violated only when the bulk model is either trivial or fracton ordered. A generalized notion of Kramers-Wannier duality plays an important role in the construction. Also, utilizing the duality, we find an example where a single anomalous theory can be realized on the boundaries of two distinct bulk fracton models, a phenomenon not expected in the case of topological orders. More generally, topological orders may also be generated starting with lattice models beyond the GI models, such as those with symmetry protected topological orders, through a variant bulk construction, which we provide in an appendix.

Social reproduction, infrastructure, and the everyday

One of the main preoccupations of contemporary (feminist) urban theory is to conceptualize social reproduction, infrastructures, and everyday as the constitutive elements of the processes of urbanization. In this commentary, I engage with McFadden's contribution to these efforts from the standpoint of the study of concept formation. This commentary dwells on McFadden's theoretical object of knowledge (i.e. ‘infrastructures of social reproduction') within the empirical context of ‘educational landscapes’ both in terms of the method of its construction and the political consequences of this method. I argue that while it is important to insist on the inseparability of social reproduction and infrastructures within the spatiotemporal unfolding of urbanization, our theoretical attempts must go beyond asserting this inseparability to be able to produce transformative social knowledge of the (non-)urban. A way in this direction, I suggest, is the method of recuperation of the specificities that produce social reproduction and infrastructures as both indivisible and individual under concrete socio-spatial histories, conditions, and principles.

Two-step detection of concrete internal condition using array ultrasound and deep learning

Internal defects in concrete structures pose a great risk and potential hazard to the safety and durability of civil structure. Reliable and accurate detection of the internal conditions of structures is a prerequisite for structural safety assessment. To realize the visualization of the internal condition of concrete structures and the identification of defects, this paper proposes a two-step detection method for the internal condition of concrete structures based on array ultrasound and deep learning. First, to address the limited resolution problems of conventional ultrasound synthetic aperture focusing technology (SAFT) imaging and the time-consuming computation of wavefield reconstruction methods such as reverse time migration (RTM) and full waveform inversion (FWI), an array-SAFT imaging algorithm is introduced to balance the resolution and real-time performance of the inspection results. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) and bilateral filtering methods are used before and after the signal focus imaging for signal noise reduction and image edge processing to further improve the resolution of ultrasound images while satisfying the real-time visualization of the detection results. Secondly, since pre-buried objects such as rebar and internal defects are reflected on the surface in ultrasonic images, a method based on the improved YOLOv5 network target detection model is proposed to achieve reliable identification of internal defects and intelligent interpretation of abnormal features in ultrasonic images. The proposed method is effectively validated in the ultrasonic inspection of concrete specimens with different emulated defects pre-built in the laboratory. Additionally, ultrasonic detection is also implemented in the internal defect detection of tunnel secondary linings.

Asphalt concrete air void evaluation by applying infrared thermography

ABSTRACT Asphalt concrete is an essential part of infrastructure, and its quality and structural condition directly impact traffic comfort and safety. Air voids is applied for assessing its structural condition. This research aims to establish a physical relation between the thermal behaviour and air voids of asphalt concrete using infrared thermography. To ensure accuracy, calibration techniques including geometric, radiation, and emissivity calibration were applied in the experiment. Four asphalt concrete specimens with different air voids were tested in this study. The results indicated a clear and constant relationship between temperature increase and air voids, which serve as a critical indicator for evaluating the structural condition of asphalt concrete. Additionally, the empirical experiment showed that the thermal behaviour in the first minute followed a different trajectory compared to the subsequent measurements. The numerical results and empirical formula derived from this research can serve as a basis for formulating the analytical equation that connects asphalt concrete air voids to observations from infrared thermography. Once this relationship is established, the structural condition of asphalt concrete can be evaluated using regular and commonly available infrared thermal cameras instead of relying on other specialised and single-use equipment.

Concrete Repair Using Fiber from Surgical Mask

In this new Norma, surgical mask was a thing that important to wear in public. Because of the frequent use of surgical mask, the huge of waste of surgical mask were disposed per day. The surgical mask was made from a polypropylene fiber that widely used in construction in the term of concrete fiber. Polypropylene fiber had their own credibility to provide the ductile strength for concrete to reduce the cracking of concrete that was a brittle material. To study the effectiveness of the fiber from surgical mask, this fiber was used as concrete repaired materials The material of concrete repair was the important things to provide or improved the deteriorated concrete. Therefore, this study will determine that fiber from surgical mask can be used as a concrete repaired material through the comparison of flexural strength between the controlled concrete and repaired concrete. Three methods of concrete repaired was tested in this study, single layer polypropylene fiber, single layer surgical mask fiber, and double layer surgical mask fiber. Those method was applied to deteriorated concrete prism. The result for flexural strength of concrete after repaired for all method was decreasing from the strength before repaired but the result of second method was higher than the first method and the third method was higher than the second method. The concrete failure condition, showed the failure happened on the same location failure before repaired that meant the failure happened on the concrete repaired material. However, the used of surgical mask fiber was changed failure condition of the concrete prism from sudden failure to periodic failures. Therefore, the surgical mask was effective to repair the damage concrete due to crack failure because the fiber of the surgical mask can controlled that crack.

Levee Slurry Wall Assessment Using Ground Penetrating Radar, A Case Study

Levees are essential structures in places with high water level events. Therefore, it is important to make periodic monitoring of these structures to assess their condition. Some levees consist of slurry walls built with reinforced concrete. GSSI ground penetrating radar with 200, 400, and 900 MHz antenna was used to assess the rebar and concrete condition of the slurry wall along 300m of the Big Dam Bride levee, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. GPR profiles indicate the deterioration in rebar and concrete from the reflections of the rebar and the differences in the rebar vertical depths which represent the change in the concrete properties. These vertical shifts in the rebar anomalies indicate that the concrete fractured and the discontinued slabs shifted upward or downward over the years, all field observations did not indicated any vertical shift or fracture in the concrete slabs, or is the presence of deterioration in the concrete above the rebar. Therefore, the deteriorated part will appear at a higher or lower levels related to the non deteriorated part. Also, non-uniform values of reflections for the same depth suggest the rebar deterioration as well. There were about 182m out of 300m of the studied levee are detroierated with various degrees of rebars and concrete deterioration. The GPR was found to be effective to detect the slurry wall's concrete and rebar deterioration. The result of this study indicates that the slurry wall of the levee is possibly unsafe and partially deteriorated.

Generalized Common Best Proximity Point Results in Fuzzy Metric Spaces with Application

The symmetry of fuzzy metric spaces has benefits for flexibility, ambiguity tolerance, resilience, compatibility, and applicability. They provide a more comprehensive description of similarity and offer a solid framework for working with ambiguous and imprecise data. We give fuzzy versions of some celebrated iterative mappings. Further, we provide different concrete conditions on the real valued functions J,S:(0,1]→R for the existence of the best proximity point of generalized fuzzy (J,S)-iterative mappings in the setting of fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, we utilize fuzzy versions of J,S-proximal contraction, J,S-interpolative Reich–Rus–Ciric-type proximal contractions, J,S-Kannan type proximal contraction and J,S-interpolative Hardy Roger’s type proximal contraction to examine the common best proximity points in fuzzy metric space. Also, we establish several non-trivial examples and an application to support our results.

On Orthogonal Fuzzy Interpolative Contractions with Applications to Volterra Type Integral Equations and Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper, orthogonal fuzzy versions are reported for some celebrated iterative mappings. We provide various concrete conditions on the real valued functions J,S:(0,1]→(−∞,∞) for the existence of fixed-points of (J,S)-fuzzy interpolative contractions. This way, many fixed point theorems are developed in orthogonal fuzzy metric spaces. We apply the (J,S)-fuzzy version of Banach fixed point theorem to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the solution. These results are supported with several non-trivial examples and applications to Volterra-type integral equations and fractional differential equations.

Just do something: An experimental investigation of brief interventions for reducing the negative impact of post-event processing in social anxiety disorder

Post-Event Processing (PEP) is prevalent and problematic in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) but is typically not a direct target in evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for SAD. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the impact of several theoretically and empirically derived interventions for PEP in SAD, including concrete thinking, abstract thinking, and distraction in comparison to a control (i.e., do nothing) condition. Based on prior research, we hypothesized that the concrete and distract conditions would be associated with positive benefits, including reductions in PEP and improvements in self-perception, whereas the abstract and control conditions would not. The second aim of the study was to identify baseline variables that predict the trajectory of change in PEP over time. Participants (N=92) with a principal diagnosis of SAD completed a social stress task and were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Participants completed measures at baseline, post-intervention/control, and at 1-week, and 1-month follow-up. Contrary to hypotheses, all three active conditions were similarly effective at reducing PEP and improving self-perceptions relative to the control condition. In the absence of an intervention, engagement in PEP remained high up to a month following the social stress task. Higher levels of baseline state anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and use of safety behaviours predicted greater PEP, even in the presence of an intervention. These results highlight the benefits of relatively brief interventions that disrupt the course of PEP for people with SAD. Such interventions can be easily incorporated into CBT protocols for SAD to enhance their effects.

Enhancing self-healing efficiency of concrete using multifunctional granules and PVA fibers

Self-healing concrete can prolong the lifespan of structures by sealing cracks. This study assessed the self-healing efficiency of combined multifunctional self-healing granules (SHGs) and PVA fibers under different curing conditions in self-healing concrete. Microstructure analysis of self-healing specimens and products was conducted to reveal the self-healing mechanism. Compared to using SHGs or PVA fibers alone, the synergistic effect of SHGs and PVA fibers improved the compressive strength recovery rate, permeability coefficient recovery, and surface crack closure effect. PVA fiber inhibited crack propagation and provided attachment points for self-healing product deposition, while SHGs released self-healing agents and produced hydrated calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide to repair cracks. The addition of SHGs also increased the utilization of carbon dioxide and ions in seawater, thereby decarbonizing the environment and reducing the erosive effect of seawater ions.

Цифровая модульная система мониторинга, оценки и прогнозирования состояния бетона при производстве монолитных работ на основе технологии интернета вещей

This article explores the strength characteristics of concrete structures in relation to their production technology, as well as investigates the potential for improving quality control methods in concrete casting through the integration of modern IIoT technologies.
 During the construction process, there is a frequent necessity to conduct rapid assessments of the condition of concrete and concrete structures directly at the construction site. This need arises from the logical reasoning that upon detecting any structural defects, such as cracks or sinks, it is essential to obtain initial information about the concrete's condition to facilitate subsequent analysis and decision-making without conducting complex laboratory studies.
 In this study, we made an analysis of existing temperature control systems employed to monitor concreting concrete structures during winter conditions. Additionally, detailed insights and practical experience are presented regarding the utilization of a state-of-the-art monitoring system at construction sites, enabling real-time temperature monitoring both on the surface and within the structure.

Strategy to Increase the Capability of Civil Servant (ASN) Resources

Purpose: This study aims to decide the strategy of the Samarinda City Government in improving the capabilities of its apparatus. The methods and efforts they choose are certainly inseparable from the characteristics and capabilities as well as the social and political context in Samarinda City. Theoretical framework: The Civil Servant (ASN) is the crucial point and key factor that decides the success or failure of governance and the implementation of national development. The smooth administration of government and the implementation of national development are largely determined by the quality of the resources of the apparatus. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a type of mixed method. The source of data in this study is the regional personnel agency for secondary data and the primary data comes from interviews with key informants and informants in this case are the Head of BKPSDM (Human Resources Development and Personnel Agency) of Samarinda City and officials related to civil servant. Furthermore, this research will also use the analytic comparison analysis method, which is a method that contrasts theory with other explanations of concrete conditions in a more specific social context Findings: Education and training are conducted according to applicable regulations with all budget constraints so that the in-house training strategy is an alternative to the implementation of training even though the results have not been maximized. Cost leadership strategy through increasing the budget for ability and capability improvement is a strategy that is expected to accelerate the increase in apparatus ability. Research, Practical & Social implications: To increase the capability of Civil Servants more intensively, it is necessary to increase the appropriate Education and Training budget according to the skill needs of each work unit. Originality/value: The researcher adds that integrity is an implementation of the in-house training strategy.