Concise Dictionary Research Articles

A Concise Dictionary of Comics by Nancy Pedri (review)

A Concise Dictionary of Comics by Nancy Pedri (review)

A concise dictionary of comics By NancyPedri, Illustrated by Chuck Howitt, University Press of Mississippi, 2022.

A concise dictionary of comics By NancyPedri, Illustrated by Chuck Howitt, University Press of Mississippi, 2022.

Compendiums of knowledge associated with linguistic terminology and linguists: history, classification features, and genre polyfunctionality

The author explores the historical development of Ukrainian linguistic terminology within the framework of national terminography, lexicography, encyclopediography. The article reviews and analyses the academic references encomprassing 1) nationally specific and borrowed terms as well as concepts in traditional and emerging linguistics branches (e.g., the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by Ye. Krotevych and N. Rodzevytch; Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by D. Hanych and I. Oliinyk; Dictionary of Modern Linguistics: Concepts and Terms; Modern Linguistic Dictionary by A. Zahnitko; Ukrainian. Concise Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by S. Yermolenko, S. Bybyk, and O. Todor; Modern Linguistics: Terminological Encyclopedia by O. Selivanova; The Ukrainian Language. Encyclopaedia; etc.), and 2) personalities of Ukrainian linguists (e.g., Ukrainian Grammar in Names by A. Zahnitko, M. Balko; Nizhyn Linguistics by N. Boiko, S. Zinchenko, A. Kaidash; etc.). The author systemizes and classifies encyclopedic works based on different criteria in the classical way (according to nature of information: domain, subject-specific, biographical, personal works; according to target audience: professional linguistics, student philologists, applicants, pupils; according regional focus of linguistic conceptions: the Nizhyn region, the Poltava region; according to article structure: alphabetical, alphabetical-and-clustered), as well as in the new way (syncretism of linguistic and encyclopedic genres: subject-specific linguistic-and-encyclopedic-and-biographic works, domain regional-and-biographic ones, subject-specific regional-and-biographic ones). The universal and specific principles of forming the definitional part of both linguistic-encyclopedic and encyclopedic articles include interpretation by an author, macro- and mini-discursive cross-references, hyperlinks, scholarly inter-texts, novelty, debatable issues personal and bibliographic remarks, and global linguistic experience.

Sprachliche Ausgrenzung in der Lexikographie des Tschechischen

Abstract The article describes in a chronological overview the lexicographical processing of the entry cikán (‘Gypsy’) and its derivatives which are now perceived as more or less discriminatory and establishes historical and political references. Central attention is directed to the dictionary articles from the Concise dictionary of the Czech language: the author explores the connections between the dictionary articles and the tenor of the excerpted material which is available online as a digitized card index. In this way one can partly determine to what extent one can infer an evidence of a prejudice that has accompanied the presence of the Sinti and Roma on the Bohemian / Czech or Moravian territory for centuries until today.

Drieluik van woorden met een hulde-predella

This article consists of four different smaller parts. Two of them discuss the vowel variation in a Dutch patronym respectively in a substance name; the other two contain mini collections of metaphors concerning the human body and animal names. The whole is presented as a triptych with a predella as a tribute to the jubilee, whom this volume of Neerlandica Wratislaviensia is dedicated. In visual arts a predella being the base of an altarpiece, here it is the foot of the triptych of words and deals with the pseudonym ‘Martens’, Norbert Morciniec in 1985 used as the co-author of a concise dictionary Dutch-Polish / Polish-Dutch. The lexicological sets may also, in two of the panels, be seen as a tribute to the lexicographer.

Gothic leiþu, “strong drink; fruit wine?” and its Cognates in the Germanic Languages

Gothic <i>leiþu</i>, “strong drink; fruit wine?” and its Cognates in the Germanic Languages

Book review: Seed plants of Karnataka, India: A concise dictionary

Founded in 1991 and published by the Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy (IAAT), Rheedea is an international peer-reviewed journal with four online and two print issues per year. The online issues will be published in March, June, September and December while the printed issues will be published in June and December.

A Study on Chinese and Western Thinking Patterns by Contrast of Chinese and English Idioms

The overall research review on English-Chinese contrastive studies suggests there has been an extensive description of the distinction between Chinese and Western thinking patterns in the absence of extra demonstrations. Therefore, it is found necessary to carry out a delicate study on reflections of Chinese and Western thought pattern differences in light of the E-C idioms. In this study, two kinds of thinking patterns are contrasted from the following three aspects: concrete and abstract thoughts, subjective and objective thoughts, as well as synthetic and analytical thoughts, via the explanation and analysis of idioms collected in the A Concise Dictionary of English Proverbs and Idioms. The paper thus not only provides evidence for the different thinking patterns between China and West, but also helps language learners to gain a deeper comprehension and mastery of features of both languages.

Subspace Clustering for Hyperspectral Images via Dictionary Learning With Adaptive Regularization

Sparse subspace clustering (SSC) has emerged as an effective approach for the automatic analysis of hyperspectral images (HSI). Traditional SSC-based approaches employ the input HSI data as a dictionary of atoms, in terms of which all the data samples are linearly represented. This leads to highly redundant dictionaries of huge size, and the computational complexity of the resulting optimization problems becomes prohibitive for large-scale data. In this article, we propose a scalable subspace clustering method, which integrates the learning of a concise dictionary and robust subspace representation in a unified model. This reduces significantly the size of the involved optimization problems. We introduce a new adaptive spatial regularization for the representation coefficients, which incorporates spatial information of HSI and improves the robustness of the model to noise. We derive an effective solver based on alternating minimization and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to solve the resulting optimization problem. Experimental results on four representative hyperspectral images show the effectiveness of the proposed method and excellent clustering performance relative to the state of the art.

Прецедентные феномены из детской литературы и их лексикографическое описание

Precedent phenomena from texts of children’s literature occupy a significant place in the thesaurus of a contemporary. They are regularly reproduced in various types of texts, many of them have already established themselves in the lexical and phraseological system of the language as independent units (Doctor Aibolit, Cinderella) and are presented in dictionaries of various types. The article substantiates the need to describe this part of the intertextual thesaurus in a special dictionary. The experience of creating a concise dictionary of precedent phenomena related to children’s literature, functioning in modern speech, and being an integral part of the cultural memory of the Russian language personality is described. The composition of the dictionary and the components of the dictionary entry are characterized, the possibilities of interpretation of intertext elements are shown. Many elements of children’s reading are firmly fixed in the lexical system of the language, as evidenced by their inclusion in entries of explanatory dictionaries. The components that go back to texts of children’s literature are also presented in the phraseological part of dictionary entries or as illustrative material. Not all precedent phenomena acquire linguistic stability, but they are actively reproduced in oral and written speech and are potentially ready to enter the lexical and phraseological system. An attempt to create a dictionary was made in the publication Little Son Came to His Father: Precedent Names and Sayings From Children’s Literature. An Experience of a Dictionary. The words chosen as the title are lines from Vladimir Mayakovsky’s poem “What is Good and What is Bad”, written in 1925; they are actively functioning in speech today. However, these words also contain a second significant meaning - a dialogue of different generations. Attention to precedent names and statements from children’s literature is very important today in connection with the urgent problems of preserving the national cultural code, without which neither adequate understanding of texts nor effective communication of representatives of different age, cultural, and social groups is possible. Precedent statements and precedent names from Soviet children’s literature, which for decades have been (and partly still are) a significant component of children’s reading, are widely represented in the “experience of a dictionary”. The dictionary presents fairly widely precedent phenomena from the texts of Russian literature, traditionally included in the circle of children’s reading. The texts of foreign children’s literature from different eras are also significant in the intertextual thesaurus; precedent phenomena from them have been included in the dictionary. The source of the contexts of use in the dictionary were the materials of the Russian National Corpus, as well as examples collected by the compilers, including from the texts of the latest Russian fiction. The nominations functioning in the space of a modern city were also taken into account. The number of illustrations given in dictionary entries varies. It depends on the degree of representation of a phenomenon in written sources, but does not always coincide with its actual prevalence in live speech. Precedent names occupy a special place in the dictionary. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ МОВНОЇ ГРИ У ХУДОЖНЬОМУ ТЕКСТІ

The article is dedicated to the study of the ways of formation and the techniques of translation of the language game in artistic texts. The specific objective is to explore the linguistic units, which the most brightly show the language game, in translating artistic texts, and find the most effective tools translator can use to render them in the target languages (Ukrainian and Russian). The study investigates this issue by examining and analyzing the language game in the text of the English-language Xiaolu Guo’s novel “A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers”. Translation of the language game in artistic texts is a challenge for any translator. The translator should be aware of the historical facts, culture, traditions, social and political life of the native speaker in order to make an adequate translation. The peculiarities of the language may be unknown to the people from other countries so the translator is the one who is responsible for the clarity of the translation. The translator should also adhere to the equivalence of the source language and target language texts and the text itself should make the same impression both on native speaker and on foreign language reader. In this context, the translators’ personality is of great importance, his skills and ability to consider a communicative situation, to keep the original text author’s intention and, the most important, to reproduce the language game. The author concludes that for an adequate translation different techniques of translation should be used while translating play on words. The perspective is seen in investigating play on words on the basis of other languages.

Beyond the mother tongue: language as cultural capital in Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers

ABSTRACT The paper investigates multilingual aesthetics in Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers (2007). It argues that the novel refuses and undermines the family romance of the mother tongue by grounding its experimental form and language in Western poststructuralist theory. Yet, the text fictionalises the encounter with the other language as a love story, a fatal romance of conquest and profound metamorphosis thus revealing the complex status of English as cultural capital. As it exhibits multilingual strategies, the book also displays an elite cosmopolitism based on European literary canonical works that reinforces rather than discards monolingual ides of language and literature.

Translating the Translational: A Comparative Study of the Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese Translations of Xiaolu Guo's A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers

The untranslatability of this particular novel does not come from the ‘resistant singularity’ claimed by world literature scholars like Emily Apter, but has to do instead with its inherently translational nature as a novel about intercultural (mis-)communication. Comparative close readings of the three versions published in Britain, Taiwan, and mainland China focus on paratexts, intra-textual visual design, and specific translational strategies. Caught between the established traditions of diasporic Chinese literature and liuxuesheng wenxue (‘overseas Chinese student writing’), A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers and its Chinese-language translations offer insights into the dialectic between ‘minor’ literature and ‘world’ literature, discussed here with a particular focus on the global hegemony of the English language.

Legal Vocabulary of Arabic-Speaking ‘adat Monuments in 14th-20th Century Dagestan (Some Results of the Study of Islamic Discourses)

The article is an attempt at a concise historical-legal dictionary of legal custom or ‘adat practiced by Muslim highlanders in the North-East Caucasus in the 14th-20th centuries. It contains 107 dictionary and phraseology units gathered in documents, normative and narrative sources including inscriptions. They share characteristic inaccuracies in Arabic morphology and peculiar semantics. The author argues that it was the result of cultural translation of historical realities of non-Arab society. Its legal vocabulary was created by relatively competent Shari‘a judges, teachers and students of madrasahs for members of their own rural communities and confederacies. The translation into Arabic aimed at legitimizing agreements concluded at meetings of the confederations. The glossary should help readers of local Arabic-speaking sources from the North-East Caucasus. At the same time, it elucidates controversies of Islamic discourse based on the Dagestani ‘adat that was a changing legal custom in the framework of first Islamic and then Russian imperial and early Soviet law. Historians know better the discourse of Muhammad of Kututl, Dawud of Usisha, Murtada-‘Ali of Urada who took part in the 17th-19th centuries Shari‘ah movement against non-Islamic local customs. In judicial practice, however, these scholars had to refer to different ‘adat norms and procedures reflecting the early modern society they lived in. At the same time, they Islamized legal custom gradually as we can see from changing meanings of the terms presented in the paper.

К вопросу о словообразовательной вариативности в религиозном стиле XVIII века (на примере религионимов-субстантивов на -ость)

This study deals with the history of the formation of the derivational norm in the Russian religious style dating back to the 18th century. The article dwells on the derivational parallels of religious nouns with the suffx -stv/o/, which were recorded in the 18th-century secular lexicographic works, providing a comprehensive description of religious words: The Church Dictionary (1773–1794) by Archpriest Pyotr Alekseyev, A Concise Slavic Dictionary (1784) by Hegumen Yevgeny (Romanov) and A Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794). On the basis of morphemic and word-building methods, the paper describes the relative rows of religionyms ending in -ost’ with derivatives ending in -stvo, -stviye, -niy,-yeniy, -ie, -ota, and -ynya. Within the framework of these variant forms and using the historical and etymological analysis, the author revealed 18th-century neologisms. It is noted here that, as a result of a competition between the derivational forms their semantics becomes differentiated. At the same time, derivatives ending in -ost’ begin to oust from the usage in the 18th century the parallel forms with abstract meaning, thereby reserving this meaning for themselves. It is shown here that in spite of the strong competition caused by the presence of synonymous derivational forms, religious nouns ending in -ost’ carved out their own niche in the lexicographic system of 18th-century Russia, forming a special layer of abstract confessional vocabulary, which is confrmed by the very fact of their extensive codifcation in the lexicographic works under study.

The concise associative and dissociative dictionary as a resource for accelerated teaching of a foreign language: experimental testing of the theory

The paper outlines the results of experimental testing of the effectiveness of the principles of analogy, cognitive effects and the frame-cluster approach as a basis for a concise associative and dissociative dictionary, which is seen as a means of accelerated teaching of a foreign language based on the knowledge of the mediator language (here: English). It is a proven fact that analogy (including association) is a universal principle of thinking which enables one to correctly identify lexical units of the language of one group through the mediator. The correctness of involving the dissociative principle has been confirmed experimentally: it is based on memorizing the uncommon and different. Accelerated, interest-driven teaching of a foreign language based on associative and dissociative principles takes into account the resources of cognitive effects, which are cognitive illusions not controlled by consciousness. We have substantiated the expediency of distributing vocabulary in the proposed dictionary according to the frame-cluster principle, in which the learner constructs a situationally relevant phrase from cluster-organized associated forms. Repeated use of lexemes in communication provides a correction of errors over time. The experiment confirmed that such a dictionary can satisfy the needs of the modern information society, where multilingual communication is in demand.

The problem of classification of literary terms in “the concise oxford dictionary of literary terms” by chris baldick

The problem of classification of literary terms in “the concise oxford dictionary of literary terms” by chris baldick

Data on distrubution of the phonemes /o/ and /ô/ in the South Russian dialect of the village of Rogovatoye

The paper provides information on the distribution of phonemes /o/ and /ô/ in the South Russian dialect of the village of Rogovatoye (Stary Oskol region, Belgorod district), presenting it in the form of a concise dictionary, which includes data on the reflexes of *o and *ъ in stems, some cases of /o/ and /ô/ that stay for *a, *ě, *e in stems, /o/ and /ô/ in loanwords and a list of inflections with reflexes of *o and *ъ.

Peculiarities of the implementation of the emotive function in the slang of the English language (on the example of the dictionary “A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English”

Peculiarities of the implementation of the emotive function in the slang of the English language (on the example of the dictionary “A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English”

О некоторых наименованиях посуды и кухонной утвари в калмыцком языке (на материале «Толкового словаря языка калмыцкого героического эпоса „Джангар“»)

The article deals with the thematic group ‘Names of Cooking Wares and Utensils’ in the context of the creation of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Kalmyk heroic epic of Jangar (EDJ). The work reveals some peculiarities and distinct features of names of wares and utensils, examines the lexemes хәәсн ‘cauldron’, ааһ ‘bowl; cup’, шанһ ‘ladle’, and provides examples of concise dictionary entries with the mentioned lexical units acting as header words. In general, names of cooking wares and utensils are poorly represented in the Jangar Epic. This is likely to have been determined by the nomadic lifestyle of the Oirats - ancestors of the Kalmyks - which required universal minimalism, including in household activities. The epic narratives contain no detailed descriptions of such wares or utensils, and to restore some missing distinct features during the compilation of corresponding definitions authors of EDJ turn to lexicographic, ethnographic, and other sources to clarify the meanings of certain words.