Concern Opinion Research Articles

David's Bridal bankruptcy: take two

Research methodology The case is a secondary sourced case. Information for the case was found from news articles and interviews. Case overview/synopsis David’s Bridal was a privately held corporation generating $1.3bn in annual revenue and employing over 12,000 employees. David’s Bridal filed bankruptcy not once but twice. This case examines the bridal industry and the environmental factors that led to the two bankruptcies. Bridal dresses are at the top of wedding categories. Environmental factors causing bankruptcy included online competition, reputation as seen through the eyes of the consumer, COVID, and supply chain challenges. David’s Bridal first looked to Jim Marcum to turn the corporation around and when this failed, they created a new management team after the second bankruptcy to save the company. Complexity academic level The case is designed as an interdisciplinary case for undergraduate leadership, advanced accounting or undergraduate strategy courses. The case was tested in MGMT 330: Leading People in Organizations. This case is appropriate for junior- and senior-level students.This case will be used in ACCT 402: Advanced Accounting – a senior-level course. The case gives perspective on going concern opinions and the strategic implications of bankruptcy.Possible textbooks▪ Christensen, T., Cottrell, D. and Budd, C. (2023). Advanced Financial Accounting (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill.▪ Hoyle, J., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T. (2024). Advanced Accounting (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill▪ Rothaermel, F. T. (2024). Strategic Management (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill

Audit Quality and Accounting Going Concern: An Altman Z score Approach

This empirical study evaluated the effect of audit quality on accounting going concern of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria between 2015 and 2020. The research design adopted for this study was the ex-post facto research design. Secondary data were collected from audited reports and accounts of the related manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book. Using the Krejcie and Morgan formula to obtain a homogenous sample, 38 firms were selected from the healthcare, consumer goods and industrial sub sectors of the Nigerian economy. Data were analyzed with the aid of Ordinary Least Squares method of multiple regression. From the random effects model, the variable of audit firm size (Coef. = 0.604, z = 1.21 and p – value = 0.226) has a positive effect and statistically insignificant at 5%. Audit tenure (Coef. = 0.557, z = 2.05 and p – value = 0.040) has a positive effect and statistically significant at 5%. The variable auditor’s fees (Coef. = -5.160, z = -1.93 and p- value = 0.054) has a negative effect and statistically significant at 5%. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the Going Concern assumption is vital for the valuation of business assets since these assets can be valued upon their business values in use rather than their termination values, which in general are a lot lower. If a firm is not expected to continue to stay in business in the foreseeable future, the auditor can give an adverse opinion in the form of a Going Concern Opinion. The manufacturing sector is extremely crucial for the economic growth and development of a developing economy such as Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that (i) Managers of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria should become part owners of the firms so as to (a) have the same incentives as the owners (b) lower the level of conflict of interests since this have been proven to have significant negative correlation with the problem of Accounting Going Concern (ii) Managerial policies that tend to increase audit fee should be re-examined and possibly reviewed downwards especially if the aim is to improve the firm’s Accounting Going Concern.

Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Debt Default tehadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Aneka Industri yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2021

This study aims to find out how tenure and debt default audits affect going-concern audit opinions. This research focuses on manufacturing companies in the various industrial sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The purposive sampling method was used to select the sample in this study, namely 49 companies. Based on the process of data collection, data processing and data testing, the overall summary of the results of the research is presented from the interpretation of the data, namely the tenure audit variable positively influences acceptance of going-concern opinions but is not significant so that it is stated that tenure audits do not influence acceptance of going-concern opinions. concern. Meanwhile, the debt default variable has a positive and significant effect so that it can be stated that debt default has an influence on receiving a going concern opinion.

Non-Big 6 audit firms’ access to external resources through inter-organisational relationships

Small audit firms try to reduce their resource constraints in serving clients by creating inter-organisational relationships (IORs) through membership in accounting networks or in agreements with individual firms. Through these relationships, firms have access to audit manuals/methodology, personnel, and may perform joint audits and joint marketing of their audit services. We identify the existence of IORs from PCAOB Form 2 filings and test whether audit quality and fees vary cross-sectionally as a function of the specific resource obtained from the IOR. We find evidence that firms with access to audit technology through IORs charge higher audit fees and provide higher quality audits, in terms of smaller clients’ performance-matched discretionary accruals, higher auditors’ likelihood of issuing going concern opinions to financially distressed clients, and fewer audit deficiencies identified in PCAOB inspection reports. The findings highlight the importance of access to audit technology through IORs in improving small audit firms’ real and perceived audit quality.

The effects of COVID-19 pandemic and auditor-client geographic proximity on auditors' going concern opinions

The effects of COVID-19 pandemic and auditor-client geographic proximity on auditors' going concern opinions

ANALISIS FINANCIAL, NON-FINANCIAL INDICATORS, DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PREDIKSI FINANCIAL DISTRESS (PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2016-2020)

Financial distress is a condition where the company experience a deteriorating stage of the financial situation before bankruptcy. This study aimed to prove the influence of financial, non-financial and corporate governance indicators on financial distress in transportation sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange periods 2016-2020. This study used the Springate method (S-score) to measure the level of financial distress. The sample was obtained by purposive sampling method in obtain 21 companies in transportation sector. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual reports from the publication of Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear analysis panel data which is processed using Eviews 10 software. The hypothesis is obtained from previous research and various theories from other sources. The results of this study indicate that interest coverage ratio has a positive influence on financial distress and going concern opinion has a negative influence on financial distress. Meanwhile, long-term debt to equity ratio, age of company, independent board of commissioners, and institutional ownership did not has a influence on financial distress.

Practitioner Perspectives on Going Concern Opinion Research and Suggestions for Further Study: Part 1—Outcomes and Consequences

SYNOPSIS Auditing researchers rarely engage practicing auditors regarding the phenomena examined, or conclusions reached, in academic research. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we report on the outcomes, insights, and observations from focused interactions with Dutch audit practitioners regarding their perspectives on recent research regarding auditor going concern opinion (GCO) decisions. We provided practitioners with a summary of some of the most salient recent GCO research findings and the goals of our subsequent discussions were to (1) obtain practitioners’ responses to the research findings, and (2) identify relevant issues for future study from the perspective of practitioners. Accordingly, we report on our discussions with practitioners and provide a summary of practitioner-informed GCO-related future research topics. In this first of a two-part sequence, we provide background information relating to our practitioner interactions, and summarize our discussions pertaining to GCO outcomes and GCO consequences, as well as future research. JEL Classifications: M42.

Practitioner Perspectives on Going Concern Opinion Research and Suggestions for Further Study: Part 2—Reporting Environment and the Decision-Making Process

SYNOPSIS Auditing researchers rarely engage practicing auditors regarding the phenomena examined, or conclusions reached, in academic research. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we report on the outcomes, insights, and observations from focused interactions with Dutch audit practitioners regarding their perspectives on recent research regarding auditor going concern opinion (GCO) decisions. We provided practitioners with a summary of some of the most salient recent GCO research findings. The goals of our subsequent discussions were to (1) obtain practitioners’ responses to the research findings, and (2) identify relevant issues for future study from the perspective of practitioners. Accordingly, in this second of a two-part sequence of articles, we discuss the outcomes of our interactions with practitioners related to the GCO reporting environment and the GCO decision-making process, as well as directions for future research. JEL Classifications: M42.

Does the Audit Going Concern Opinion Really Matter? The Case of Egypt.

The auditor’s going concern opinion (GCO) is an opinion given by an auditor about a firm’s financial health. This opinion serves as an early warning system for the financial distress of client’s firm. The current research aimed to study the impact of the auditor’s going concern opinion (GCO) on stock prices in the Egyptian business environment. On a sample of 132 firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2022 with a total of 759 firm-year-observations. In addition to the possible effect of two moderating variables associated with the main independent variables. Which is the expectation of GCO and perceived audit quality (AQ). We added the independent and moderating variables to the modified Ohlsen regression model to test for the value relevance of the GCO, and the effects of the moderating variables on the mentioned above relation. We found no evidence of a significant impact of the auditor’s GCO on the stock prices of companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, regardless of whether this opinion is expected or not. On the other hand, for the effect of perceived audit quality, we found a significant negative effect of GCO on stock prices for companies being audited by big 4 audit firms, which could be interpreted because of the reputation effect for such firms. Keywords: Going Concern Opinion – Financial Health – Audit Quality – Egypt.

Elements Influencing Going Concern Audit Opinion on Manufacturing Corporations in Indonesia

This A going concern audit opinion is an audit opinion issued by an auditor to ensure whether the corporation can preserve its vicapability. Providing a going concern opinion is something that is not expected by the corporation because it can damage public trust and can even indicate bankruptcy. Meanwhile, for users of financial statements, going concern audit opinions are used as an initial warning to avoid errors in decision making. This watchfulness aims to re-verify empirically the clout of Profitability, liquidity, leverage and financial distress on going concern audit opinion. Purposive sampling method for sampling secondary data from the annual statements of 37 manufacturing corporations in the basic materials field listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the watchfulness term 2020 - 2022. The data was analyzed executing binary logistic regression which was carried out in statistical analysis software. The outputs of this watchfulness denote that Profitability, liquidity, leverage and financial distress simultaneously clout going concern audit opinion. Then, leverage and financial distress have a positive clout on going concern audit opinion, while Profitability and liquidity have no clout on going concern audit opinion

The Effect Of Financial Condition, Company Growth, And Company Size On Going Concern Opinion Acceptance

This study aims to investigate the effect of financial condition, company growth, and company size on going-concern opinion acceptance. This research will use secondary data from the financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020-2022. The research sample taken is a transportasion and logistic company selected by purposive sampling. 26 companies were chosen as the samples of this study. The method used is logistic regression analysis. The result of this research is that financial condition had a negative influence on the audit going concern opinion acceptance and the other company growth and company size do not have influence to the going concern opinion.

Pengaruh Kondisi Keuangan Size Company Dan Opini Audit Tahun Sebelumnya Terhadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern

This study aims to examine the effect of financial condition, company size, and audit opinion of the previous year on the acceptance of going concern opinions. The sample used in this study is companies registered in JII for the 2018-2022 period. Sampling using purposive sampling techniques and obtained 29 companies with an observation period of 5 years so that the total sample is 145 data. The results showed that the financial condition, company size, and audit opinion of the previous year simultaneously affect the acceptance of the going concern audit opinion. The financial condition and audit opinion of the previous year have a partial effect on the receipt of the going concern audit opinion. While the size of the company does not have a significant effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions

Does audit quality affect firm innovation?

This paper investigates the impact of audit quality on firm innovation. We develop a theoretical intertemporal framework to model an entrepreneur's optimal behavior and find that entrepreneurs increase R&D with an increase in audit quality. Using a sample of Chinese firms listed on Shanghai Security Exchange and Shenzhen Security Exchange over the period 2011–2020, we employ “Going Concern Opinions,” an indicator gauging a firm's ability to continue operation or to avoid bankruptcy, as a proxy of audit quality. To address endogeneity concerns, we construct a Bartik shift-share instrument based on the differential impact of common shocks on firms with pre-determined exposures. Our empirical results are consistent with the proposition drawn from the theoretical model. Through a decomposition analysis with Rotermberg weights, we also identified the top ten industries and the years demonstrating the most significant impact of audit quality on firm innovation.

Do publicly traded companies engage in opinion shopping after receiving a going concern audit opinion? Evidence from U.S. firms in the post-SOX era

Audit opinion shopping continues to be of significant interest to regulators and is also of interest to investors and the public. This study examines whether in the post-SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) era, publicly traded companies in the U.S. engage in the act of shopping for audit opinions after receiving a going concern opinion (GCO). We further examine whether auditor firm size (Big 4 versus non-Big 4) affects such activities. Using data from Compustat and Audit Analytics we identify financially distressed publicly-held U.S. firms between 2004 and 2015. Adopting the framework developed by Lennox (2000), we examine the difference in the probabilities between auditor switching and no-switching scenarios. We find evidence that public companies in the U.S. who receive GCOs are successful in shopping for clean audit opinions in a subsequent period. We also find that audit opinion shopping activities are more common among public companies who switch to non-Big 4 auditors as opposed to those who switch to Big 4 auditors. Our paper fills the gap in the literature by examining whether, in the post-SOX era, publicly-held firms in the U.S. engage in the act of shopping for audit opinions, after receiving a GCO.

Principles based accounting standards, audit fees and going concern: evidence using advanced machine learning

PurposeThe current study uses an advanced machine learning method and aims to investigate whether auditors perceive financial statements that are principles-based as less risky. More specifically, this study aims to explore the association between principles-based accounting standards and audit pricing and between principles-based accounting standards and the likelihood of receiving a going concern opinion.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an advanced machine-learning method to understand the role of principles-based accounting standards in predicting audit fees and going concern opinion. The study also uses multiple regression models defining audit fees and the probability of receiving going concern opinion. The analyses are complemented by additional tests such as economic significance, firm fixed effects, propensity score matching, entropy balancing, change analysis, yearly regression results and controlling for managerial risk-taking incentives and governance variables.FindingsThe paper provides empirical evidence that auditors charge less audit fees to clients whose financial statements are more principles-based. The finding suggests that auditors perceive financial statements that are principles-based less risky. The study also provides evidence that the probability of receiving a going-concern opinion reduces as firms rely more on principles-based standards. The finding further suggests that auditors discount the financial numbers supplied by the managers using rules-based standards. The study also reveals that the degree of reliance by a US firm on principles-based accounting standards has a negative impact on accounting conservatism, the risk of financial statement misstatement, accruals and the difficulty in predicting future earnings. This suggests potential mechanisms through which principles-based accounting standards influence auditors’ risk assessments.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors recognize the limitation of this study regarding the sample period. Prior studies compare rules vs principles-based standards by focusing on the differences between US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS) or pre- and post-IFRS adoption, which raises questions about differences in cross-country settings and institutional environment and other confounding factors such as transition costs. This study addresses these issues by comparing rules vs principles-based standards within the US GAAP setting. However, this limits the sample period to the year 2006 because the measure of the relative extent to which a US firm is reliant upon principles-based standards is available until 2006.Practical implicationsThe study has major public policy suggestions as it responds to the call by Jay Clayton and Mary Jo White, the former Chairs of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), to pursue high-quality, globally accepted accounting standards to ensure that investors continue to receive clear and reliable financial information globally. The study also recognizes the notable public policy implications, particularly in light of the current Chair of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Andreas Barckow’s recent public statement, which emphasizes the importance of principles-based standards and their ability to address sustainability concerns, including emerging risks such as climate change.Originality/valueThe study has major public policy suggestions because it demonstrates the value of principles-based standards. The study responds to the call by Jay Clayton and Mary Jo White, the former Chairs of the US SEC, to pursue high-quality, globally accepted accounting standards to ensure that investors continue to receive clear and reliable financial information as business transactions and investor needs continue to evolve globally. The study also recognizes the notable public policy implications, particularly in light of the current Chair of the IASB Andreas Barckow’s recent public statement, which emphasizes the importance of principles-based standards and their ability to address sustainability concerns, including emerging risks like climate change. The study fills the gap in the literature that auditors perceive principles-based financial statements as less risky and further expands the literature by providing empirical evidence that the likelihood of receiving a going concern opinion is increasing in the degree of rules-based standards.

CEO succession and auditor going concern decisions: An analysis of outsider CEOs and generalist skills

This study shows how external CEO succession can mitigate external auditors’ propensity to issue a going concern opinion (GCO) in financially distressed firms, particularly when the outsider CEO possesses higher generalist skills relative to the outgoing CEO. We show that our findings are unlikely to be driven by factors such as pre-succession restructuring, institutional ownership, and board quality that could trigger strategic changes and the appointment of an outsider CEO. Further, we provide evidence to rule out the possibility of our results being influenced by self-selection or omitted variables biases. We also find that the ability of outsider CEOs to mitigate going concern opinions in their appointment year significantly contributes to the subsequent improvements in the financial performance of distressed firms. Further tests on some mechanisms through which new external CEOs can reduce the likelihood of going concern opinions show that firms with such CEO appointees are more likely to reduce dividends and labor costs, issue equity, and reduce product similarity of prospector firms relative to their peers.

Pengaruh Kualitas Audit, Kondisi Keuangan, Dan Manajemen Laba Terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern

The company can be said to successfully run its business influenced by environmental factors to maintain its business until the future. The purpose of this study is to understand (1) factors that can influence the going concern audit opinion (2) strategies in handling the situation appropriately in receiving the going concern audit opinion assessment (3) the impact of the going concern opinion on the company's reputation. This research method is a literature review approach, a data collection technique from several previous studies that can then be concluded. The study’s results and analysis are (1) audit quality does not affect the going concern audit opinion because each auditor must be independent in carrying out their duties and the opinions given have the same standard procedures. However, another opinion states that audit quality affects the going concern audit opinion because large public accountants show the level of sustainability of the company more accurately than small public accountants. (2) Financial condition affects the going concern statement because if the financial condition is bad, the entity will find it difficult to maintain its business continuity. In addition, it was also found that financial condition did not affect the going concern statement due to poor financial condition due to the implementation of sustainable business operations through planning. (3) Profit management does not influence the going concern audit opinion because the auditor does not see the continuity of results but is oriented towards the situation of the entire company.

Pengaruh Disclosure dan Opini Audit Tahun Sebelumnya terhadap Penerimaan Opini Going Concern pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of disclosure and audit opinion of the previous year on the receipt of going concern audit opinion. Data collection using secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id using purposive sampling techniques. The population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 150 companies, while the sample obtained amounted to 35 companies with observational data from 1 year of observation. The data analysis method uses logistic regression analysis techniques. The results showed that disclosure had a significant negative effect and the previous year's audit opinion had a significant positive effect on the going concern opinion

Aligning disclosure requirements for managerial assessments of going concern risk: Initial evidence from New Zealand

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the Financial Reporting Standard No. 44 New Zealand Additional Disclosures (FRS 44) amendment issued by the New Zealand Accounting Standards Board (NZASB). The FRS 44 amendment aligned disclosure requirements for managerial assessments of going concern risk in financial reports with auditing standards for periods ending on or after 30 September 2020. We first present descriptive evidence on the frequency of going concern opinions (GCO), frequency of going concern issues identified as key audit matters (GCKAM), and frequency and content of managerial assessments of going concern risk (GCMA) before and after the FRS 44 amendment. Second, we show lower audit fees and shorter audit lags for financially distressed companies post‐FRS 44 implementation. This suggests that the harmonisation of accounting and auditing disclosure requirements alleviates tension during the going concern decision‐making process for affected companies, subsequently leading to reduced audit fees.

Pengaruh variabel keuangan & non-keuangan terhadap financial distress

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the ability to predict financial distress using financial variables (current ratio, cash flow operation, leverage, gross profit margin, and return on assets) and non-financial variables (going concern opinion, audit report lag, opinion shopping, the additional state capital, and subsidies). Model testing uses three steps. First, financial ratios (CR, CFO, LEV, GPM, ROA); second, non-financial ratios (GCO, ARL, SHOP, ASC, SUB); and third, all variables at once. This study uses panel data (2011-2020) with a sample size of 50 Indonesian SOEs. Data analysis uses ordinal logistic regression. The first test results show that CR and ROA positively affect financial distress, while LEV and GPM have a negative effect. The second test results show ARL has a negative effect, while SHOP and SUB have a positive effect. Meanwhile, the third test results show LEV, GPM, and ASC have a negative effect, while ROA and SUB have a positive effect. Based on the r-squared and correctly predicted values, the third model test results are better than the first and second models. Statistically, the ability to predict financial distress that combines financial and non-financial ratios is better than models that only use financial and non-financial ratios. Financial ratios are the most consistent predictor of financial distress in terms of significance.