Conceptual Process Research Articles

Identifying conceptual neural responses to symbolic numerals.

The goal of measuring conceptual processing in numerical cognition is distanced by the possibility that neural responses to symbolic numerals are influenced by physical stimulus confounds. Here, we targeted conceptual responses to parity (even versus odd), using electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency-tagging with a symmetry/asymmetry design. Arabic numerals (2-9) were presented at 7.5 Hz in 50 s sequences; odd and even numbers were alternated to target differential, 'asymmetry' responses to parity at 3.75 Hz (7.5 Hz/2). Parity responses were probed with four different stimulus sets, increasing in intra-numeral stimulus variability, and with two control conditions composed of non-conceptual numeral alternations. Significant asymmetry responses were found over the occipitotemporal cortex to all conditions, even for the arbitrary controls. The large physical-differences control condition elicited the largest response in the stimulus set with the lowest variability (one font). Only in the stimulus set with the highest variability (20 drawn, coloured exemplars/numeral) did the response to parity surpass both control conditions. These findings show that physical differences across small sets of Arabic numerals can strongly influence, and even account for, automatic brain responses. However, carefully designed control conditions and highly variable stimulus sets may be used towards identifying truly conceptual neural responses.

Penulisan Teks Artikel Ilmiah

The word article is a written work that discusses an issue in such a way that it becomes the main topic. In general, the purpose of writing articles is to educate, influence, persuade, inform and entertain and publish them both in print and online media. So a scientific article is a piece of writing that contains the thoughts, concepts and thoughts of a person or group of people through field and non-research (conceptual) processes which are put into written form and the mechanisms for making them through a systematic structure, methods and certain rules so that their truth can be tested. Research methods are scientific methods used to obtain data for a specific purpose. In this research, the method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive type of analysis to obtain and answer the various problems being studied. Researchers use the library study method, this method is a technique for collecting reference data sources by reviewing data from literature, scientific journals, books, scientific articles through digital sources that are related to the problems raised in this research.

Discursive Violence Analysis: Epistemological Advances in Qualitative Research

This article outlines a new methodological approach, Discursive Violence Analysis (DVA). Discursive Violence Analysis is a qualitative methodology that is the conceptual convergence of Foucauldian and Fairclough Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Critical Legal Studies that operationalizes systemic oppression. This conceptual framework expands the existing repository of qualitative methodology that recalibrates how researchers identify, qualify, and interpret various disparate discursive social practices as evidence of racism. The DVA frames how scholars interrogate racism and how racism is institutionalized and codified within education and networking social systems. This article aims to provoke an inclusive and empirical engagement on ways to reimagine epistemology within education scholarship—suggesting that ways of knowing racism and understanding racism have experiential origins. Discursive Violence Analysis is an alternative qualitative means of identifying and describing the fundamental sophistications of discourses that steer, normalize, and legitimize racism. This article begins with a researcher reflexivity that foregrounds my journey toward developing DVA—briefly revisiting my experience as a doctoral candidate. Secondly, this article transitions into a “how-to” guide, mapping the conceptual and methodological process. And lastly, this article ends by explaining the critical assumptions of DVA and research queries for emerging scholars.

A conceptual analysis of inclusive education in terms of participation and agency

AbstractDespite ongoing development of the international understanding of the values and goals of inclusive education, attempts to implement it remain incomplete. This study's aim was to clarify how participation and agency are defined in research on inclusive education and how participation and agency might be more effectively promoted to enhance inclusive education. The research was conducted as a conceptual analysis with the concepts of student participation and agency as the main focus of the analysis. The conceptual analysis process surfaced five emergent themes: recognition of societal barriers at school; appreciation of student diversity and cultural competence; community and collaboration with various stakeholders; promoting students' engagement; and enabling learning for all students. These themes include academic, social, and emotional and collective dimensions. Inclusive education appears as an institution whose everyday modes of interaction, pedagogical solutions and power dynamics can be difficult to recognise, let alone change towards a participative direction. Promoting student participation and agency requires professionals in schools to have the ability to primarily renew their own agency so that they can enable students to foster future orientation and active adulthood.

Interval-valued spherical fuzzy quality function deployment methodology: Metaverse collaborative system design application

The metaverse collaborative system (MCS) aims to assist users in working together, sharing resources, and participating in joint activities in the metaverse environment. As an interactive system, identifying essential design requirements (DRs) based on user requirements (URs) during the conceptual design phase of MCS is challenging as it directly affects the cost of subsequent optimization design and user experimentation, as well as user experience. Therefore, we propose a quality function deployment (QFD) method based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in an interval-valued spherical fuzzy (IVSF) environment to establish a mapping relationship between URs and DRs and identify human-centered DRs to guide the conceptual design process of MCS. Firstly, we summarized the URs for MCS design and calculated their weights using IVSF based analytical hierarchy process (IVSF-AHP). Afterward, we determined DRs based on URs and established the UR-DR relationship in the house of quality of QFD. Next, we integrate the VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method in the IVSF environment into QFD to determine the priority of DRs. The results indicate that system functional design, scene layout design, compatibility design, and multi-user collaborative optimization design are important DRs for designing MCS and should be carefully considered. We validated the applicability of this method through an urban planning MCS design example and provided a conceptual design case including functional blueprints. Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis demonstrate the flexibility and reliability of the proposed method.

Proses berpikir konseptual siswa SMP ditinjau dari perbedaan kecemasan matematis

This study aims to analyze how the conceptual thinking process of seventh-grade junior high school students in solving social arithmetic problems when viewed from mathematical anxiety differences. The type of research was qualitative descriptive which used purposive sampling. There were 34 students of seventh-grade junior high school in West Karawang as the subject of this study. The data was collected through questionnaires about mathematical anxiety, written tests of conceptual thinking processes, interviews, and documentation. The data was analyzed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicated that The result of this study showed that the majority of grade VII SMP students' mathematical anxiety tended to be moderate. The results of the analysis concluded that students with low mathematical anxiety had good conceptual thinking skills because they were able to fulfill all indicators. However, students with moderate mathematical anxiety had fairly good conceptual thinking skills because there was only one indicator that was not fulfilled, namely correcting answers. Furthermore, students with high mathematical anxiety had poor conceptual thinking skills since they were only able to fulfill two indicators, namely writing down the information they knew and recounting the steps they took.

A mathematical model to design pillar-shaped bioinspired mechanical sensors

Soft robots and sensor/actuator systems are often based on bioinspired designs to leverage nature patterns. Specifically, pillar-shaped sensors are useful for human activity monitoring, locomotion of soft robots or treatment of cardiovascular diseases. If electric or magnetic particles are added in the manufacturing process, these structures can be tuned through remote fields to attain a specific mechanical behaviour. This promising technique has direct applications in high-impact fields such as bioengineering, soft robots or sensor designing. Filament-shaped smart sensors can send electrical signals when subjected to an external mechanical stimulus or provide a mechanical response when a remote and controllable field is applied broadening their possibilities of action. As the efficient design of these structures is highly challenging, developing a technical tool with a low computational cost to help throughout layout processes (i.e. inverse engineering) is pivotal. Theoretical modelling of the kinematics and dynamics of a wire-shaped structure under an external action is the first step to provide a methodology to help designing mechanical sensors in an efficient, understandable and low time-consuming way. The event of mechanical deformation after receiving the external stimulus and before sending the corresponding output signal is key in the conceptualisation process of smart sensors. This work intends to give insight into the dynamics of a deformable pillar-shaped sensor component under an external action without addressing or coupling its causes and, hence, provide the general mechanical framework to serve as basis for multiphysics formulations for pillar-shaped sensor design.

The epistemology-oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages

The analytical study of the processes of thinking and awareness of reality is positioned as an actualized psychological direction in linguistics, which arose as a result of the logical transformation of traditional logicism and formalism in the course of the development of speech activity. The purpose of the article is to study the epistemologically oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages. In the course of the study, it was found that the previous historical stage was characterized by ignoring the influence of psychophysiological aspects. It has been determined that in the process of transformation the phenomenon of language is interpreted as a reflection of the psychological concept and spiritual activity. It is proved that the cognitive paradigm made it possible to explain the thinking processes that occur during the production of speech with the advent of the cognitive paradigm in linguistics. It is suggested that from a universal point of view, any conceptual area can be studied with the help of elementary concepts. The study has shown that from the standpoint of cognitive grammar, grammatical categories have corresponding prototypical structures. The sphere of conceptual functionality of modern cognitive semantics is distinguished. The cognitive-semantic universality of the basic main category is stated. It is proved that the epistemologically oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages is represented by such processes in the lexical composition of a word as generalization (transition from the concrete to the abstract general), narrowing (dynamics from the abstract to the specialized), degradation (depreciation) and polarization (opposition). Promising directions for further scientific research on the subject of the study are actualized, namely, conducting cognitive research that accurately explains the universal conceptual processes occurring in semantics.

Ile ojca, ile matki jest w polskiej ojczyźnie?

HOW MUCH OF A FATHER, HOW MUCH OF A MOTHER IS THERE IN THE POLISH OJCZYZNA [FATHERLAND]? ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE ROLE OF ETYMOLOGICAL DATA IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW The author assumes that (1) etymological data are ethnolinguistically relevant, (2) the task of etymological research is to detect the original meaning of a word (to find the original semantic motivation) and to reach a world that disappeared, but, at the same time, remained a part of the present, (3) the focus of the research should shift from formal interests to broadly understood semantics (reconstruction of the conceptualization processes that accompany the nominations and of the linguistic image of the words hiding behind words). Based on this, the author undertakes the analysis of the names for the fatherland in the Polish language. To do this, she compares the Polish lexis and its onomasiological basis with the corresponding vocabulary of other Slavic languages. According to the author, studying the semantics of a whole group of words allows us to discover the basic cognitive situation, i.e. the generalized experience of a specific linguistic and cultural community. Using dictionary data and studies of the concept of the “fatherland” in Slavic languages, the author analyses the names related to the Polish concept of OJCZYZNA: lexical and semantic nests such as “ojczyzna i patria” [homeland and patria], “macierz [“motherland”], “państwo” [“state”] and “kraj” [country], and she extracts the underlying cultural “codes”: (1) kin and family, (2) home, (3) power and dominion, and (4) land. The author also shows the coherence of these codes and the image of the fatherland that emerges from them.

Adjectival phraseological units in representing national worldview

The national identity of the language is reflected in its phraseological fund. The identification of the actual national features of the semantics of phraseological units is possible only on the basis of a comparison ofstable turns ofdifferent languages. To cany out a comparative analysis of phraseological units containing components denoting a value, it is necessary to establish the national features of the language worldview and trace the process of linguistic conceptualization of the value. Each language has its own method of conceptualizing reality, which has its own specific and universal features. A comparative cultural linguistics study of the fund of the English and Karakalpak languages makes it possible to determine the common and national in matters of perception of magnitude by representatives of the two peoples.

From biomass-derived fructose to γ-valerolactone: Process design and techno-economic assessment

This work proposes a process design and techno-economic assessment for the production of γ-valerolactone from lignocellulosic derived fructose at industrial scale, with the aim of exploring its feasibility, identifying potential obstacles, and suggesting improvements in the context of France.First, the conceptual process design is developed, the process modelled and optimized. Second, different potential scenarios for the energy supply to the process are analyzed by means of a set of economic key performance indicators, aimed at highlighting the best potential profitability scenario for the sustainable exploitation of waste biomass in the context analyzed. The lowest Minimum Selling Price for GVL is obtained at 10 kt/y plant fueled by biomass, i.e. 1.89 €/kg, along with the highest end-of-live revenue, i.e. 113 M€. Finally, a sensitivity and uncertainties analysis, based on Monte Carlo simulations, are carried out on the results in order to test their robustness with respect to key input parameters.

Examining /l/ variation in Singaporean bilingual child-directed speech for sociophonetic insights

Language is integrated into multiple dimensions of human behavior, and social work is essentially a language-centered activity. Although language plays a key role in many social work activities, few studies have explored its significance from the perspective of differences. This paper introduces the process of language conceptualization in social work and points out the limitations of some existing conceptual perspectives in the multilingual context in which language and social work are viewed. In English language variation, language variation mainly includes dialect, stress, register and variation. Dialects are the starting point of the study of language variation, so this paper takes dialects as a representative to study this field. First, the definition of language variation and its related factors are introduced and discussed, and how to define and study language variation is further discussed. Second, dialects are taken as a representative area to delve deeper into language variation. The different types and features of dialects are analyzed. Finally, the influence of dialects and language variation on education, society and other aspects is reviewed, highlighting some of the important effects observed in previous research.

Impact of intermittent electricity supply on a conceptual process design for microbial conversion of CO2 into hexanoic acid

Combining intermittent renewable electricity (IRE) with carbon capture and utilisation is urgently needed in the chemical sector. In this context, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) has gained attention. It can electrochemically produce hexanoic acid, a value-added chemical, from CO2. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding how the intermittency of renewable electricity could impact the design of a MES plant. We studied this using Aspen Plus models.A MES plant that was powered by constant grid electricity could operate from 100% down to 70% of its nominal capacity, at which point the heat exchangers and the internal geometrical design of the distillation towers became bottlenecks. The levelised production cost of hexanoic acid (LPCC6A) was estimated at 4.0 €/kg. Switching to IRE supply increased LPCC6A to 5.3 €/kg (for wind electricity) and 4.7 €/kg (for hybrid renewable electricity).A battery energy storage system (BESS) was deployed. The lowest LPCC6A was found at a BESS installation of 29 GJ/h for wind electricity (5.1 €/kg) and at 12 GJ/h for hybrid renewable electricity (4.7 €/kg). In both situations, the volume flexibility of the MES plant was not improved. At the investigated market and operating conditions, coupling IRE to the MES plant was economically infeasible.

Aerodynamic/control integrated optimization method for unpowered high-speed vehicle configuration design

The unpowered high-speed vehicle experiences a significant coupling between the disciplines of aerodynamics and control due to its characteristics of high flight speed and extensive maneuverability within large airspace. The conventional aircraft conceptual design process follows a sequential design approach, and there is an artificial separation between the disciplines of aerodynamics and control, neglecting the coupling effects arising from their interaction. As a result, this design process often requires extensive iterations over long periods when applied to high-speed vehicles, and may not be able to effectively achieve the desired design objectives. To enhance the overall performance and design efficiency of high-speed vehicles, this study integrates the concept of Active Control Technology (ACT) from modern aircraft into the philosophy of aerodynamic/control integrated optimization. Two integrated optimization strategies, with differences in coupling granularity, have been developed. Subsequently, these strategies are put into action on a biconical vehicle that operates at Mach 5. The results reveal that the comprehensive performance of the synthesis optimal model derived from the aerodynamic/control integrated optimization strategy is improved by 31.76% and 28.29% respectively compared to the base model under high-speed conditions, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the method and optimization strategies employed. Moreover, in comparison to the single-stage strategy, the multi-stage strategy takes into deeper consideration the impact of control capacity. As a result, the control performance of the synthesis optimal model derived from the multi-stage strategy improves by 13.99%, whereas the single-stage strategy only achieves a 5.79% improvement. This method enables a fruitful interaction between aerodynamic configuration design and control system design, leading to enhanced overall performance and design efficiency. Furthermore, it improves the controllability of high-speed vehicles, mitigating the risk of mission failure resulting from an ineffective control system.

When ‘the broken’ breaks through: politics of struggle and solidarity in Manchadikkari

ABSTRACT Manchadikkari is a region in central Kerala occupied primarily by Dalit Christian communities. The majority of the people in the area are agricultural daily wage workers who have been economically and culturally marginalized. Caste discrimination and exploitation mark their past and present. The people in Manchadikkari articulate powerful anti-caste politics through their creative cultural productions like songs, stories, and plays that take shape in their community groups. The remembrance and reiteration of caste experiences in these community groups keep alive the history of caste exploitation and transmit these memories to the next generation. This paper analyses the play Azhakante Kutil (‘Azhakan’s Hut’), authored by Thankamma Titus from Manchadikkari in 2021 and performed by a group of women who are members of the community group ‘Sanjeevani.’ This study considers the processes of conceptualization, production, and performance of the play to show how these processes embody anti-caste politics. The play dwells on the community’s caste history to show that caste is not an anachronism of the feudal era but actively determines the present cultural and material conditions. When contextualized in the community, the play exists as a moving narrative of the community’s cultural activism.

Optimistic bias: Concept analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of ‘optimistic bias.’ Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using several databases. The databases were searched using the following keywords: optimistic bias, optimism bias, and concept analysis. The literature on optimistic bias was reviewed using the framework of Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis process. Results: Optimistic bias can be defined by the following attributes: 1) underestimation of personal risk, 2) vague confidence, 3) positive future prediction and 4) lack of risk recognition. The antecedents of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) risk perception, 2) self-efficacy, and 3) risk controllability. The consequences of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) reduced anxiety, 2) providing emotional stability, 3) negative consequences for preventive health behavior, 4) lack of attention to risk-related information, and 5) negative consequences for self-protection behavior. Conclusion: The definition and attributes of optimistic bias identified by this study can provide a common understanding of this concept and help to develop a nursing intervention program effective in preventing, protecting, and improving health of subjects in the field of nursing practice.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC PROCESS OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE AT THE END OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The purpose of this article is to study the process of conceptualizing the history of Jews in the historiographical process of southern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The use of these principles is complemented by a number of special historical methods, in particular: search-specific, cognitive, prosopographic, historical-geographical, problem-chronological, historical-statistical, historical-systemic, structural-functional, comparative and descriptive. Within the framework of the basic methodological principles, such scientific principles as analysis, synthesis, analogy, abstraction and others were applied in the work, which made it possible to fully disclose the chosen topic in a consistent, logical and complete form. To establish the peculiarities of historical views, the works of historians are traditionally an irreplaceable source. They have all the characteristics of a historiographical source: subjectivity, specificity of the author’s style, determined by the circumstances of the time and place of writing and publication, etc. Another group of sources are reviews of these works by contemporaries, which allow them to be included in the historiographical context. Memoir sources, and these are primarily the well-known memories of S. M. Dubnov, in which an introspection of his residence in Odessa is separately carried out, allow one to delve deeper into the circumstances that led to the genesis of the conceptual views of Jewish historians on the past of their people. At the end of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century, in the territory of southern Ukraine, the works of several Jewish historians were published. The purpose of these works was to outline the main conceptual foundations of Jewish history. Although these works were not perfect from the point of view of modern historiography, they laid the foundation for the formation of Judaism as a scientific discipline in Eastern Europe, and, in particular, in Ukraine. The appearance of these works was determined by the general development of national movements in the world at that time, in particular, the movement of the Jewish people for self-assertion in the unfavorable conditions of the Russian-imperial policy. The main merit of the authors was that they gave Jewish history and historiography a secular, analytical, and scientific context. The process of conceptualization led to a clearer formulation of the conceptual apparatus, goal and tasks of Jewish historiography and brought it to the level of Judaica as a scientific discipline.

The conceptual design and process intensification of the separation of ternary azeotropic mixture with heterogeneous characteristic

A substantial amount of ternary azeotropic mixtures with heterogeneous properties are generated in the production processes of the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. While the presence of heterogeneous features complicates the thermodynamic behavior of such mixtures, it also creates opportunities for separations using heterogeneous distillation. Thus, this study focuses on the conceptual design and process intensification for the separation of heterogeneous ternary azeotrope mixtures integrating decanter, distillation, and heat pump technology. Based on the characteristics of a mixture with a liquid-liquid partial miscibility region, the design procedure including conceptual design, multi-objective optimization, and heat pump-assisted intensification has been proposed. The separation of acetonitrile-cyclohexane-toluene is used to illustrate the capability of the proposed design procedure. The results demonstrated that the heat pump-assisted process including one decanter, one distillation column, and two stripper columns provides the best separation process, excelling in economic, environmental, and thermodynamic performance, whose TAC is 76.15% lower than the conventional heterogeneous distillation.

Zeolite-Y-catalyst production from locally sourced Meta-kaolin: Computer-Aided scale-up process design and economic analysis with Monte-Carlo-Simulation

Production of zeolite-Y catalyst from natural substrate has been a research trend in the scientific community. Published articles revealed that zeolite-Y recovery from locally sourced metakaolin is confined to laboratory practice. Scale-up process design and its economic feasibility for zeolite-Y catalyst recovery are rarely found in the scientific bibliography. Therefore, this study presented conceptual scale-up process design, base-case techno-economics and Monte-Carlo simulation of zeolite Y recovery from Nigerian metakaoline. ASPEN Base Case Simulation (ABCS), scale-up design and economics were accomplished using inherent design and costing algorithms in ASPEN Batch Process Developer (ABPD) V10. Process economic parameters: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return on Investment (ROI) and Payback Time (PBT), were modelled and optimized using Design Expert V13 software; while zeolite Unit Production Cost (UPC), Annual Production Cost (APC), Total Capital Investment (TCI) and interest/discount rate were considered as model inputs. Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) in Crystal Ball Oracle software was used to perform the sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The base-case techno-economic results of process design of 600,000 kg/year zeolite production gave batch size 5000 kg/batch with 104 batches/year, batch time (4149 min), TCI ($15,930,306), APC ($147,145), NPV ($41,983,375), ROI (38.13 %) and PBT (2.14 years). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the economic models were 0.9978, 0.9989 and 0.9986 for NPV, ROI and IRR respectively. The optimum economic variables that maximized synthesis of 5000 kg/batch zeolite Y are UPC ($11.68), APC ($100,033) and TPC ($15,930,200). MCS uncertainty for NPV, IRR and ROI are negligible. Therefore, this study demonstrated that scale-up zeolite-Y production from the local substrate is economically feasible.

Improvement of signal communication for a foraging task using evolutionary robotics

Communication systems represent an evolutionary advantage for a group of robots solving coordinated tasks. In the field of evolutionary robotics, the emergence and establishment of communication are regulated by different variables. These systems are a tool produced by artificial evolution for the exchange of personal and environmental information. Since evolutionary processes involve multi-objective evolutionary methods, it is important to study all the mechanisms that affect the emergence and establishment of communication systems. One of these variables is the evolutionary advantage of emerging signals. In this article it is assumed that the signals appear because they are evolutionarily useful in solving a task. Emitter and receiver generate a process of conceptualization, which makes the signals associated with a meaning for the community. In this way an experiment is adapted to the FARSA simulator and the MARXBOT robot. This experiment consists of a group of robots that spend as much time as possible in a food zone and avoid a poisoned zone. Under normal conditions, robots tend to point to the food zone to attract the rest of the population. When the evolutionary importance of pointing out the food zone is reduced, the signals arise in different situations such as the presence of nearby objects and the poisoned zone. Communication is configured with the LED rings and linear cameras of the robots. In addition, an ethological method is adapted to quantify the behavioral effects of experimental manipulation.