Concept Of God Research Articles

Inti Pemikiran Mitologi (Tuhan, Manusia, Alam)

This article explores the integral relationship between God, humans, and nature from classical to modern philosophical perspectives. Using a literature analysis approach, this research describes the concept of God as Causa Prima, humans as caliphs, and nature as God's creation which is a medium of knowledge. Emphasis is placed on divine philosophy, which proves the existence of God through ontology, cosmology and teleology approaches. Humans, as two-dimensional creatures with physical and spiritual aspects, are given the mandate to protect and preserve nature. The study also covers the development of Greek to modern cosmological thought, such as the "Creatio ex Nihilo" theory which debates the origins of the universe. Through this analysis, this article emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between God, humans, and nature to create cosmic harmony.

Deus Ex Machina

The study of artificial intelligence (AI) and religion, particularly the concept of God within video games, is a rich field that explores how digital spaces can reflect and shape philosophical and theological discourses. Ever since their first introduction to the public, video games have often been a unique medium for exploring complex narratives and are tied to the different expressions of religion and spirituality. The integration of AI characters or deities into video games challenges the traditional understanding of divinity and intelligence. This article examines the imaginaries of AI and God in two video games, Galerians (1999) and I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream (1995), focusing on how these elements are used to construct narrative worlds and reflect cultural perceptions of technology and the divine. In these games, the AI characters that gained consciousness started embodying god-like characteristics, such as omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence, raising questions about free will, predestination, and the nature of consciousness. These representations draw from existing religious traditions while also pushing the boundaries of theological thought, suggesting new interpretations of divinity in the context of advanced technology. The article will also closely examine the concepts of emotions that AIs in Galerians and I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream “experience.” The author relies on a game-immanent approach through detailed analysis of the aforementioned games in order to explore how the imaginaries of AI and God converge, offering insights into the evolving relationship between humanity, technology, and spirituality.

Developing an Islamic Human Resource Development Mode (IHRD) to Strengthen the Organization's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Objective: This study proposed and developed an Islamic Human Resources Development (IHRD) model for Organizational Sustainability. Theoretical Framework: The worldview theory conducted as the framework of this study. Worldview defined as a set of fundamental beliefs of human being. This study specifically elaborated the fundamental concepts of Swanson’s theory of HRD and integrated them into the Islamic fundamental concepts. This integration then became the foundation for the development of IHRD conceptual model. Method: This literature study was performed using philosphical approach. The primary sources for this study are Richard Swanson's works on HRD. Content analysis and comparative analysis are the techniques of data analysis used. Results and Discussion: Firstly, HRD in Swanson's view is not based on the concept of God. In contrast, the Islamic worldview makes God the central concept. Secondly, the incorporation of the concept of God in HRD theory broadens its scope includes material and spiritual well-being, eradicating exploitation and sustainability values Research Implications: This study will be useful in developing academic discussions on Islam and HRD. Empirical testing of this study is the practical implication in strengthen the organization's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by introducing worldview theory as a framework for HRD studies. This study is expected to provide a conceptual guide for Muslim HRD practitioners, particularly those living in Muslim-populated countries. Further research on the discussion of Islam and HRD development is necessary to conduct.

KEBERAGAMAN MASYARAKAT DALAM TEKS GARAP LAKON BRAMBANG ULUNG: STUDI WAYANG SASAK

This research is entitled Genetic Diversity in Working on Sasak Wayang Plays. This research uses strategy theory. Theoretical point of view using puppet strategy. The research method used from this point of view is the field research method. Data analysis uses narrative methods. This research found the emergence of the concept: Widi, Hyang Widi, Sang Hyang Widi or Sang Hyang Wiwakasan in wayang performances. Analysis uncovered a loan concept from Hindu beliefs. This concept is the concept of God in the dhalang-dhalang religion of the early Sasak wayang era. It's like: I Nengah Goang and I Nengah Giur. Further analysis found that these two dhalangs, which were popular in their Sasak era, had musicians from the Kumbung area. The Kumbung area is close to where work on the wayang play Brambang Ulung is taking place. Apart from that, the Penenteng Aik area where the work on the play took place also neighbors Hindu communities such as in Kraning and in Ubung. Data analysis concludes that the emergence of Hindu concepts in wayang sasak performances due to structural factors through the influence of popular dhalangs from the early era but is not rejected culturally due to the geographical proximity of the response hamlet, which is predominantly Muslim, to neighboring hamlets nearby, which are Hindu communities.

Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics

This study examines how Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics can address key challenges in the contemporary philosophical debate on the problem of evil. John Mackie famously argues that the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil, suggesting that theism must relinquish one of these divine attributes to resolve this contradiction. Alvin Plantinga, through his Free Will Defense, demonstrates that no logical contradiction undermines the coherence of the theistic conception of God. Although Mackie concedes this point, he contends that Plantinga’s defense does not sufficiently explain why God permits evil. With the resolution of the logical problem of evil, the evidential problem has gained prominence in the theistic debate, where Plantinga’s defense remains inadequate. While Plantinga invites theists to explore potential theological reasons for God’s allowance of evil, he acknowledges that this approach may not yield strong philosophical results. In contrast, Ibn Arabi’s metaphysical framework offers a more comprehensive solution. By integrating ontology, epistemology, and metaphysics to establish a coherent relationship between God, the universe, and humanity, Ibn Arabi renders Mackie’s logical critique irrelevant. Furthermore, his approach fills the gaps left by Plantinga’s defense, offering a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between God and evil.

Reconnoitering the Core Parallels Concerning the Perception of Divinity and Eastern Ethics among Taoism , Buddhism and Hinduism

This research aims to explore the idea of divinity in eastern religions, including Taoism, Hinduism, and so on, and then find commonalities between these religions and this notion. This essay seeks to understand why Eastern traditions deviated from the worship of God and how their conception of divinity came to be. This research is significant because it sheds light on the prevalent beliefs in China and India, which include the worship of ancestors who are fathers and grandfathers, the sanctification of natural forces, the belief in the plurality of deities, and the practice of spiritual worship to achieve the state of union with God. The purpose of this study is to provide answers to the following questions: Is the eastern conception of divinity unified? The research relied on the mother of all texts of eastern beliefs, the Tao, and employed both the inductive and the deductive methods. The study's most significant conclusions are that belief in the monotheistic concept of deity is not the foundation of the ethical and philosophical eastern religions that are most prevalent in China and India. The study also revealed that Eastern beliefs met a plurality of gods, and that people gradually went through stages in their quest to find the god who best suited their needs. They also practiced magic, sorcery, astrology, and other forms of polytheism, as well as worshiping the forces of nature, totems, and humans.

Is the Absolute Vacuum God?

This work seeks to make an argument for whether the absolute vacuum, the nonspatial and nontemporal fifth dimension where all the particles and forces, which created/creates the material worlds of the multiverse, are one, as conceived in Mocombe’s overall theories of phenomenological structuralism and consciousness field theory, is equivalent to the concept of God. I argue that the Absolute Vacuum is more akin to the yin-yang concept in Taoism or the pantheism of Haitian Vodou than it is to the concept of God as conceived in the Abrahamic religions, for examples.

On Tang Junyi’s Critique of Anselm’s Argument for the Existence of God

Anselm’s argument for the existence of God posits that the concept of God inherently implies its existence. Tang Junyi critiques this argument from two fundamental angles. Firstly, he argues that the contingency of human thought places an unwarranted burden of proof on the existence of God, introducing an inherent contradiction within the argument’s premise. Secondly, he contends that Anselm’s argument fails to deduce the existence of God from empirical things. Tang’s empirical approach to critiquing the argument bears a superficial resemblance to St. Thomas Aquinas’s cosmological argument for God’s existence, yet a profound difference exists between the two, precluding their equivalence. Delving deeper, Tang’s critique is rooted in the Confucian philosophy. Nevertheless, Tang’s critique, while insightful, does not fully dismantle Anselm’s argument, underscoring the intrinsic differences and tensions between Chinese and Western perspectives on religion and philosophy.

Spiritual needs of family caregivers in palliative care

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study is to elucidate the spiritual needs encountered by family members who intricately engage in the progression of illness within the palliative care framework, thus assuming the paramount responsibility of caregiving.MethodsThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital (17/01/2022–2022/01–16). The research was designed as a prospective study. It was conducted through face-to-face, interactive interviews with family caregivers of patients admitted to the palliative care unit at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between April 2022 and December 2022. The interviews were performed using a phenomenological approach and structured in a question-and-answer format. Data from twenty family caregivers were analyzed using thematic analysis. The questions were specifically designed to explore the psychological processes, spirituality, conceptions of God, meaning-making, and coping strategies of the family caregivers.ResultsCaregivers experienced various psychological and emotional states progressing through stages of denial, anger, and acceptance. Spirituality emerged as a critical coping mechanism providing strength and meaning amidst caregiving challenges. Caregivers’ perceptions of God varied from loving to punitive, influencing their interpretations of suffering and caregiving roles.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of integrating spiritual support into palliative care practices. Recognizing and addressing caregivers’ spiritual needs is crucial for enhancing their well-being and improving the quality of palliative care delivery. Training healthcare professionals in spiritual care and implementing targeted interventions can effectively support family caregivers in their caregiving journey.

THE SYMBOLIC AND SPIRITUAL ROLE OF FLOWERS IN HINDU RELIGIOUS RITUALS IN BALI: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Humans' inability to understand God in metaphysical form often gives rise to the need to use symbolic or representational means in an effort to understand or describe a sublime and unattainable existence, one of which is a vital object as a symbol of God for the Balinese Hindu community is the existence of flowers in Every offering is considered as a condition that increases aesthetic passion or a condition within the spirit of human relationship with God of Flowers in Hindu religious practices in Bali. The research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach used to analyze and describe data from literature studies, strengthening understanding about the presence of flowers in rituals. The results of the research are divided into three discussion points (1) The Significance of Flowers in Hindu Religious Rites in Bali (2) Flowers as a Medium of Offerings (3) Spirit and Blessing: The Role of Flowers in Spirituality and the Human Environment, highlighting the importance of flowers in conveying the sincerity of the human heart in religious ceremonies, enrich spirituality, and deepen understanding of God's existence through religious symbols. Based on this, this research attempts to examine in depth the existence of flowers as a means of ritual through depiction or symbolization which allows humans to associate complex and abstract concepts such as God with something more concrete or visible, such as images, symbols, or rituals. This facilitates easier understanding and helps in forming an emotional, spiritual, or even intellectual bond with the concept of God.

Theology of Art in The Text of Adiparwa

Adiparwa is the initial part of the Mahabharata, which can be viewed as consisting of two distinct parts. The first part presents the framework of the Bharata epic, and the second part contains the genealogy of the Pandavas and Kauravas. Adiparwa not only narrates the origins of the Kuru Dynasty and the various early events leading to the great war in Kuruksetra but also contains many profound theological and aesthetic elements. This study uses the theory of literary reception, which is based on the notion that literary works have always received responses from their readers since their publication. A qualitative research method with a theological approach is used in this study. The theology in the text of Adiparwa includes the concepts Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman, in line with His attributes for creating the universe, embodied in Sanghyang Siwa with Bhatari Parwati. The aesthetics in the text of Adiparwa are described in the terms satyam, siwam, and sundaram. Satyam in the text of Adiparwa can be seen in the story of four quails that survived the burning of the Khandawa forest. The essence of siwam in the text of Adiparwa is described in the concept of God as Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman. The values of sundaram are reflected in the beauty of Tilottama. The influence of theology on aesthetics is evident in the rituals described in the text of Adiparwa through the mabebasan tradition, usually performed during the atma wedana ceremony, via the Astikacarita story using the palawakya reading technique.

TELAAH TENTANG PEMAHAMAN BUDDHA SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN SPIRITUAL, BUKAN ENTITAS ILAHI

There are still many people who think that the Buddha is God or a Prophet, Buddhists worship idols. This is due to a lack of a correct understanding of the Buddha's personality. This research aims to describe textual information and answer some questions related to the personality of the Buddha based on the Buddhist holy book, namely Tipi?aka. The research uses a qualitative approach from various Tipitaka literature, journals, and books that are by the topic of discussion. The concept of omnipotence is the origin of the emergence of God. God is understood as the principle of limitation and gives limits to actuality. The Buddha was born in Northern India, lived a life of learning from learned teachers and attained enlightenment by understanding and realizing the Four Noble Truths. Then from then on, he became a Buddha. The Buddha taught the Dhamma to his disciples (gods and humans) and founded a community known as the Sangha. Buddha has qualities that distinguish him from other human beings, namely three knowledge, six superpowers, and ten powers. The concept of God in Buddhism is not personified and Buddhists are more focused on attaining Nibb?na.

Analysis of Patristic Interpretation of the “Shema” in Deuteronomy 6:4-5

The Patristic period stands as a pivotal era in the development of Christian doctrine, marked by profound theological and philosophical debates. Amidst these discussions, the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4-5 retains its central importance for both Jewish and Christian faith traditions, offering insights into the nature of God. This paper explored the Patristic interpretation of the Shema, highlighting the perspectives of the Alexandrian and Antiochene Schools of thought. Key theological issues addressed include the monotheistic concept of God, the symbolic significance of Israel, the unity of God, and the Trinitarian debate. A historical approach was used where the views of selected theologians were explored within their socio-cultural and political settings. Drawing from African perspectives, the study reflected on the enduring relevance of these theological inquiries for contemporary society. Ultimately, the theological insights garnered from Patristic interpretations continue to inform and enrich modern theological discourse, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and contemporary understanding. Keywords: God, Patristic Era, Shema, Trinity

God, Evil, and Anthropomorphism

Abstract In the first part of this paper I draw on some reflections offered by Descartes and Malebranche on the dangers of anthropomorphic conceptions of God, in order to suggest that there is something misguided about the way in which the so-called problem of evil is commonly framed. In the second part, I ask whether the problem of evil becomes easier to deal with if we adopt a non-personalist account of God, of the kind found in Aquinas. I consider the sense in which God is termed ‘good’ on this latter conception, and while not proposing that it can justify or explain the evil and suffering in the world, I suggest that the world’s manifest imperfections are compatible with the existence of a loving creator who is the source of the existence of the world and of the goodness found in created things.

The theodicies of Hans Jonas and Jürgen Moltmann: Proposing an alternative reformed angle

Auschwitz had a profound impact on the theological landscape. It led to God’s lordship, goodness and power being put on trial. If God exists and if he is a good and powerful God, why did he not intervene to stop the atrocities committed during the Holocaust? The theologies of the Jewish philosopher Hans Jonas and the Christian theologian Jürgen Moltmann were decisively structured by these questions.Contribution: This article compares the theodicies of these two influential thinkers within the Jewish and Christian traditions by analysing their concepts of God, the nature of the cosmos and human history as well as their respective views on God’s response to suffering. Despite showing appreciation for profound insights, this article points out impasses in their arguments. Drawing on a reformed approach to the question, the article concludes that the anthropodicy question is the real elephant in the room, not the theodicy question. Instead of asking questions about God’s goodness, Reformed theology posits the incomprehensibility of human beings turning against God. We must ask: How does it happen that a self-conscious being possessing innate moral capacities, such as moral emotions and vicarious intersubjective capabilities, rebels against God and engage in atrocious acts? Seen from this perspective, the theodicy question seems to be undergirded by the human propensity to moral disengagement and blame-shifting. Perhaps, instead of putting God on trial, humans must resort to introspection.

KAJIAN TEOLOGI PADA UPACARA KEMATIAN DI BALI

This paper discusses the theological dimensions of the Ngaben death ritual in Bali, focusing on the relationship between Hindu concepts of divinity as outlined in Tattwa texts and the implementation of death rituals. In Hindu theology, the understanding of Brahman, both in its Nirguna (without attributes) and Saguna (with attributes) forms, plays a significant role in shaping the spiritual goals of Balinese Hindus related to eschatology and the attainment of moksha. Through an analysis of texts such as Yama Purana Tattwa and Wrhaspati Tattwa, this article examines the meaning and purpose of Ngaben as a ritual for purifying the soul and releasing material elements. This research finds that, although there is a hope for the unification of the soul with God (moksha), the practice of Ngaben is more focused on Bhakti and Karma Marga, which emphasize the existential duality between atman (individual soul) and Brahman, in accordance with the Dvaita Vedanta approach. This indicates a difference between the theological concept of union with God in moksha and its implementation in death rituals in Bali.about the importance of the results or conclusions brief.

Neo-Hasidism: The Questions are Theological

Abstract The article opens with a brief definitional and historical summary of the phenomenon called Neo-Hasidism, referring to the adoption of Hasidic modes of thought, devotion, and praxis by Jews outside the traditional Hasidic communities. This is to be distinguished from Neo-Hasidism as a literary-artistic movement of the early twentieth century. The article then turns to what the author considers to be Hasidism’s most basic religious innovation, the popularization of a panentheistic notion of a God-infused universe and its implications for Hasidic Judaism. From here, he turns to some key theological issues as presented in early Hasidic sources, extensively quoted and referenced. These include concepts of God, revelation, mitzvot, and claims of religious exclusivism. In each case, he asks how this Hasidic view might be adapted for use in a contemporary neo-Hasidic context.

Economical rights versus God’s rights: criticising of the implementation Shariah economic in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the impact of Law No. 11 of 2018 on Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh, Indonesia. It also aims to understand the balance between the economic rights of individuals under Shariah law and the broader concept of God’s rights, as interpreted by this legislation. In addition, the research argues that the implementation of Law No. 11 of 2018 is untimely, with a focus on examining its influence on the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of Shariah banks and its slight contribution to the direct economic impact.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative aspect uses a black-letter law approach for legislative scrutiny, whereas the quantitative aspect assesses economic indicators and firm performance using an event study analysis. The study also includes a two-tailed assessment to test hypotheses related to the law’s direct impact on institutional performance.FindingsThe study reveals that Law No. 11 of 2018 had minimal impact on national-scale corporate performance and a notable increase in poverty indices in Aceh, indicating a potential misalignment between the law’s intention and its economic consequences. The results also show the law’s ineffectiveness in significantly influencing the CAR of Islamic banks, highlighting a clash of norms and a lack of substantial economic substance in the implementation of Shariah compliance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is geographically and legally focused on Aceh, Indonesia, with a short-term analysis that may not fully capture the long-term impacts. It primarily considers the stock price performance of specific institutions for quantitative analysis and identifies potential clashes and disharmony-in-law implementation from a qualitative perspective.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the need for legal frameworks that better comply Shariah principles with economic realities. Regional governments should consider modifying policies to balance religious values and economic objectives.Social implicationsThis research highlights the importance of balancing religious obligations with economic rights, indicating that strict interpretations of religious law can lead to adverse socioeconomic effects.Originality/valueThis study is unique in its comprehensive analysis of the convergence between religious law and economic rights, offering insights into the challenges faced in implementing Shariah-based economic policies in diverse economies, such as Indonesia.

Concepts of God and the Divine in Indian Traditions

Concepts of God and the Divine in Indian Traditions

Personal Reflection on Rohr’s Influence on my Thought

This paper describes Rohr’s shift from the traditional Trinitarian theology to a new concept of God. Rohr sees Christ as the mysterious essence of all things. The Trinity is an expression of the flowing nature of the Divine. Jesus, through his cross, allowed suffering to change him and the world, so that people could break out of the endless cycle of projecting pain elsewhere and be loved by the reality that surrounds them. The implications of this shift for spirituality are considered. People can live with constant prayer, meditation and practice of his words in his presence.