Conceptual View Research Articles

Conceptual views of mental health among adolescents in Sweden

Abstract Background Lay and professional people may use terms for mental health and mental health problems differently, causing difficulties in adequately addressing associated needs. Despite the public health issue of increased mental health problems among adolescents, there is limited research on perceptions of mental health concepts among young people. This study aimed to explore conceptual views of mental health and mental health problems among adolescents. Methods During October and November 2020, a total of 32 adolescents (15-18 years old) living on Sweden's largest island Gotland were interviewed in focus groups or individual interviews. The interviews were semi-structured and audio recorded. Data were analysed thematically according to Systematic Text Condensation. Results Three themes emerged from the analysis: Mental health is about how we feel; One's mental health depends on one's situation, thoughts and ways of coping; and Mental health problems should be taken seriously and can get severe. The adolescents described mental health as an overarching concept encompassing both positive mental health and mental health problems. Mental health problems were perceived as something other than normal challenges in life, however ranging from minor problems to severe illness. Good mental health was understood as a condition with absence of mental health problems and presence of symptoms of positive mental health. Conclusions The adolescents’ had a complex and holistic understanding of mental health concepts, consistent with definitions used by the World Health Organization and Swedish authorities. They suggested both positive mental health and mental health problems to be considered when assessing and discussing their mental health. Further, the results highlight the need of support for young people on how to cope with difficulties in life and support for those suffering from minor mental health problems. Key messages • The adolescents’ understanding of mental health and mental health problems were highly consistent with current accepted definitions of the concepts. • According to the participants, both positive mental health and mental health problems should be considered simultaneously to understand and address adolescents’ mental health.

Strengthening science education through attention to student resources: A conceptualization of socioscientific capital

AbstractIn this position paper, we introduce the concept of socioscientific capital (SSC) to denote students' resources that unequivocally play a part when students learn about and make decisions regarding socioscientific issues (SSIs). Students use a variety of resources when they engage with SSI. Our conceptualization of SSC expands on current conceptualizations to refer to resources related to both the scientific and the non‐scientific aspects of SSI, including internal resources (personal experiences, values, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and skills), external resources (family, friends, communities, and media), and meta‐level resources (dominant frames and cultures). Aiming to strengthen SSI education, we argue for taking into account how students' resources impact their SSI‐related learning and decision‐making. To this end, insight into students' SSC is needed and is imperative for teachers. By bringing together literature about SSI education and literature about students' resources, we provide a conceptual view on students' SSC and describe implications for SSI education.

Micro-foundations of environmental entrepreneurship resistance in SMEs

This article characterizes theoretical problems regarding the essence of environmental entrepreneurship resistance. The objective of the current research was to search for micro-foundations of environmental entrepreneurship resistance occurring in SME. We relate the concept of resistance in entrepreneurship with the idea of micro-foundations, thus creating new opportunities for analysis in two areas: conceptual view that interprets the phenomenon of resistance in relation to the organization's activities in the field of entrepreneurship, and cognitive supplementary knowledge of micro-foundations, which affect the entrepreneurial behavior of employees. Environmental entrepreneurship resistance in SMEs has been defined in our interpretation as targeted individual or collective daily activities, implemented from the perspective of various intentions, motivations and other internal and external premises, which are in opposition to commonly used pro-environmental activities constituting the CER component of small and medium business. In addition, we identified a group of 20 micro-foundations, which from the level of an individual or organization may constitute the initiation of entrepreneurial activities, focused on environmental protection in SME. The indicated group was examined on a sample of 122 employees of the SME sector in Poland. After performing qualitative and quantitative analyses, it turned out that eight elements could be considered as micro-foundations of environmental entrepreneurship resistance.

Advanced database mining of efficient haloalkane dehalogenases by sequence and structure bioinformatics and microfluidics

Next-generation sequencing doubles genomic databases every 2.5 years. The accumulation of sequence data provides a unique opportunity to identify interesting biocatalysts directly in the databases without tedious and time-consuming engineering. Herein, we present a pipeline integrating sequence and structural bioinformatics with microfluidic enzymology for bioprospecting of efficient and robust haloalkane dehalogenases. The bioinformatic part identified 2,905 putative dehalogenases and prioritized a “small-but-smart” set of 45 genes, yielding 40 active enzymes, 24 of which were biochemically characterized by microfluidic enzymology techniques. Combining microfluidics with modern global data analysis provided precious mechanistic insights related to the high catalytic efficiency of selected enzymes. Overall, we have doubled the dehalogenation “toolbox” characterized over three decades, yielding biocatalysts that surpass the efficiency of currently available wild-type and engineered enzymes. This pipeline is generally applicable to other enzyme families and can accelerate the identification of efficient biocatalysts for industrial use. • A pipeline integrating bioinformatics and microfluidic enzymology is introduced • A small-but-smart set of selected genes yielded a 90% success rate of active enzymes • Microfluidics and global data analysis provided mechanistic insight into biocatalysis • The obtained dehalogenases outperform previously discovered or engineered variants For decades, scientists have asked themselves how to obtain better enzymes: should they discover new enzymes from nature or improve known enzymes by protein engineering? The success of many protein engineering studies might lead to underestimating the potential of natural diversity represented by genomic databases. We present a pipeline integrating sequence and structural bioinformatics with microfluidic enzymology to discover efficient and robust biocatalysts. Bioinformatic analysis prioritizes promising candidates, while microfluidic enzymology facilitates efficient characterization of these enzymes, leading to mechanistic insights. The obtained enzymes catalytically outperformed previously known variants, independently of whether these had been newly discovered or engineered. This study represents an interesting conceptual view of current approaches used in biocatalyst development, which should explore the great potential of structural and functional diversity found in nature. We present a pipeline integrating sequence and structural bioinformatics with microfluidic enzymology to discover efficient and robust haloalkane dehalogenases. Our smart bioinformatic identification of promising candidates in genomic databases is followed by efficient microfluidic characterization, in terms of activity, specificity, stability, and mechanistic insights. The obtained biocatalysts outperform the previously known wild-type and engineered dehalogenases. This strategy is applicable to other enzyme families, paving the way toward accelerating the identification of novel biocatalysts for industrial applications.

A new view at the “Chinese model”: lessons for Russia, the Union state and the world

The paper provides a systemic-synergetic study — from a new conceptual stand — of the lessons of reform policy and openness to the outer world in the PRC after December 1979 through the lens of “the Chinese model” theory and practice for socio-economic, spiritual and materialistic progress of Russia, the new Union state (NUS) and the world at large. As a methodological basis of the work, the author first critically explores recent literature on this subject drawing on personal multi-decade research in this area. He then formulates a new conceptual view on the problem, provides a new periodization of the main socio-economic stages of development of the PRC; systematizes some of most important lessons of the “Chinese model” for Russia and the NUS; defines the current strategy of socio-economic development of the People’s Republic of China. The analysis concludes with an examination of the advancing socio-progress model towards a sustainable-optimal society, (bio)economy and (bio)finance and then the good-economic management. The findings will contribute to the development of optimal political economy and, more specifically, to a number of promising directions in the strategy of social sphere and the entire life order of Russia, the NUS and the world.

Specifics of the Post-Soviet Period of Development of Belarus in the Light of A.A. Zinoviev’s Ideas

The article examines features of the post-Soviet period of social transformation and state building of Belarus in the context of the comparative analysis of the Soviet (communist) and Western (capitalist) development systems conducted by the famous Russian philosopher and sociologist Alexander Zinoviev. The author pays attention to the reasons of the collapse of the USSR, according to A.A. Zinoviev, as well as to the search by the post-Soviet countries, including the Republic of Belarus, for their own ways out of the current crisis. The author states that the most important task of gaining state sovereignty is associated not only with social and economic processes but also with the field of national self-consciousness and the specifics of the formation of national and cultural identity. This cause is related, among other things, with the national philosophy as a stable basis of intellectual cultural creation, the evolutionary formation of worldview and cultural values of people. The author demonstrates a tolerant nature of this process in Belarus which made it possible to avoid acute social conflicts in the country and to avoid the opposition of the Belarusian model of development and culture to the traditions and achievements of neighboring countries and the world civilizational process as a whole. Also the author demonstrates contemporary achievements of the Republic of Belarus in the sphere of socio-economic and scientific-technological development as the basis for further modernization of the country in new geopolitical conditions. The conceptual views of A.A. Zinoviev are multifaceted, they have contributed and continue to play an important role in science, culture, social development, socio-political practice. Zinoviev’s works are very valuable since they are still actual and serve as a good theoretical, ideological, and methodological basis in assessing modernity, including understanding socio-political processes that have developed today in the post-Soviet space, around Russia and Belarus, in relations between the West and the East.

Integration and Visualization of NDE Data in Digital Building Models – A conceptual view

In recent years, several NDE methods have been developed to operational maturity, and measuring devices for their application are available. The task now is to combine and integrate the various data for a structure, to organize the data, store it permanently and make it accessible, to visualize and process the data, and to use the data for inspection planning and prediction. Digital building models can be the central element here. In the context of Building Information Modeling (BIM), they can represent both the planning data and the condition data of the infrastructure over the entire life cycle. In the utilization phase, the integration of information from structural analysis and monitoring enables a detailed, up-to-date description of the condition of the structure, which can be used as a digital twin. This contribution attempts to paint the whole picture of measurement, interpretation, digital building model, utilization, and visualization. A workflow will be developed that extends from pressing the measurement button to the automatic transfer of the measurement results to a BIM model to instant augmented reality visualization for the measuring engineer. Important interfaces between the steps will be analyzed, including measured data from various sources consisting of raw data, parameters, interpretation, and assessment; the transformation and integration of the data into digital building models using BIM and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC); the utilization and visualization of the data through virtual and augmented reality. Special focus will be placed on database requirements including standardization, ownership, access control, and long-term support as well as on positioning of measurement and visualization devices. Examples of own and others work illustrate existing approaches, and topics for further research and development are identified and described.

Digital Twins: From Conceptual Views to Industrial Applications in the Electrical Domain

This article reviews various conceptual views behind the digital twins paradigm, highlights software technologies to develop digital twins, analyzes the use of digital twins during the lifecycle of industrial assets, and discusses a generic scenario from the electricity domain.

PERJANJIAN BAKU YANG MEMUAT KLAUSULA EKSONERASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

The birth of a standard agreement containing an exoneration clause basically intends to provide easier and more practical access for the parties who will enter into an agreement. The prohibition on using the transfer of responsibility clause can be seen in the rule of law in Indonesia, which is located in Article 18 of Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In this case, the issue raised is how the exoneration clause applies in the standard agreement from the point of view of consumer protection law. In this study, the research method used by the author is a normative legal research method that uses a statutory approach or the so-called statute approach, a conceptual approach or the so-called conceptual approach and views according to experts. The results of the study show that the Standard Agreement which contains an exoneration clause can create legal consequences for consumers, namely the obligations that should be borne by the seller or business actor are the obligations of the buyer or consumer. UUPK or Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection requires sellers or business actors to immediately match the standard agreement used for the provisions of the law, but in implementation this is difficult to enforce. Procedures and prohibitions regarding the application of standard agreements are planned to occupy the position of the buyer or consumer commensurate with the seller or business actor in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract and also prevent the emergence of actions that can later be detrimental to the buyer or consumer due to the lack of understanding, the buyer or consumer is exploited by the perpetrator. effort and also an equal position between the two parties. If the seller or business actor has set a standard clause that is prohibited in the agreement, the legal consequences of the standard clause are declared null and void.

Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral disease: Management implications.

New paradigms in caries conceptualization have emerged during the last decades, leading to intense debate and discussion on how to approach the disease, both from a preventive and a therapeutic perspective. Among many new ideas, research discoveries and technologies, one major concept can be highlighted that created a deep frontier between the old and the new paradigm in caries conceptualization; the non-communicable nature of the disease, firmly associated with behaviors and lifestyles. This article synthetizes the conceptual construction of dental caries as a non-communicable disease (NCD) based on the current evidence and discusses the appropriate management of the disease in this context. Dental caries has shifted from being considered transmissible and infectious to an ecological and non-communicable disease. Environmental factors such as frequent sugars intake, disrupt the symbiosis of the dental biofilm leading to a dysbiosis, which favors caries lesion initiation and progression. As an NCD, dental caries shares characteristics with other NCDs such as cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes, including long duration and slow progression, not being transmissible from person-to-person, being strongly related to modifiable behavioral risk factors, and affecting preferentially disadvantaged populations with a strong inequality gradient. Given the high prevalence of dental caries, and its consequences on people's health and quality of life, a recognizable conceptual view of caries as a NCD is required to target an effective management. Current understanding of dental caries supports prevention through acting on the modifiable risk factors (behaviors) and involves management based on an interdisciplinary approach. Communicating these modern concepts among researchers, clinicians and policymakers is needed to decrease the global high burden of the disease.

Unified understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic controls of dissolved organic carbon reactivity in aquatic ecosystems.

Despite our growing understanding of the global carbon cycle, scientific consensus on the drivers and mechanisms that control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) turnover in aquatic systems is lacking, hampered by the mismatch between research that approaches DOC reactivity from either intrinsic (inherent chemical properties) or extrinsic (environmental context) perspectives. Here we propose a conceptual view of DOC reactivity in which the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors controls turnover rates and determines which reactions will occur. We review three major types of reactions (biological, photochemical, and flocculation) from an intrinsic chemical perspective and further define the environmental features that modulate the expression of chemically inherent reactivity potential. Finally, we propose hypotheses of how extrinsic and intrinsic factors together shape patterns in DOC turnover across the land‐to‐ocean continuum, underscoring that there is no intrinsic DOC reactivity without environmental context. By acknowledging the intrinsic–extrinsic control duality, our framework intends to foster improved modeling of DOC reactivity and its impact on ecosystem services.

Do disasters trigger protests? A conceptual view of the connection between disasters, injustice, and protests—The case of COVID-19

People around the globe are affected by disasters far beyond the disaster properties. Given that certain social groups are affected disproportionately, disasters need to be considered as political events which may cause political actions. Therefore, we aim to discuss, from a social psychological perspective, how and why protests might occur during or after a disaster. We argue for an elaborated model of collective action participation suggesting that disasters enhance the predictors of protest mobilization and participation though emerged or enhanced social injustice. We also suggest that disaster properties can be used to delegitimise protests and social movements, limiting the mobilization and collective resilience during and after a disaster. Finally, we discuss the gaps in current research and emphasize the need for more attention to the disaster-protest link as we can expect more disasters due to climate crisis, likely to lead to more protests and political collective action.

Recognition of Digital Content Needs for Inbound Marketing Solutions

The paper aims to investigate users’ behavior regarding inbound marketing while consuming content, in particular, to reveal the source of the reasons and triggers affecting content need in the case of long-consumption products. In the theoretical part of the article, the literature analysis is conducted in order to build a theoretical background. The variety of theories of content values as well as users’ decision-making processes are analyzed, and a conceptual view of the origins of content need is formed, which states that the need for a specific type of content emerges under the conditions of the consumer’s experienced gap of information or knowledge when in the stages of the buying model. In order to test this hypothesis, empirical research—the survey—was conducted. The main conclusion is that the decision-to-buy model makes a significant impact on the gap experienced by the consumer of the content and has the potential to be used to reveal the need for different content types in terms of its purposes.

PAUCITY AND MULTIPLICITY IN THE GLORIOUS QURAN: A MORPHOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

In this study, a morpho-pragmatic analysis of broken plural in the Glorious Quran is tackled to answer the question whether the types of broken plural can be replaced without affecting the meaning, and to achieve the aim that these various forms are utilized thoughtfully and creatively and are never used randomly. Accordingly, it is hypothesized in the present study that the broken plural multi forms in the Glorious Quran are selected sensibly and they function in a way that leads the reader to a scene of wider conceptual view and consideration. The value of this study lies in the endeavor to widen the horizon of the reader that the variety of broken plural forms in the Glorious Quran are much more meaningful than they look. This paves the way to consider many items in the Holly Quran as significant, worthwhile, and telling. To prove the hypothesis and achieve the aim, this paper adopts Dressler and Merlini-Barbaresi’s (1994) model in analyzing the chosen excerpts where language choices can be conceived at the level of pragmatics in relation to morphology. Eight Quranic texts are selected, analyzed, discussed, and conclusions are finally derived to assert that the various forms of broken plural in the Glorious Quran are manipulated exquisitely in an effective way.

Metonymic event-based time interval concepts in Mandarin Chinese-Evidence from time interval words.

Starting from the overwhelming view that time is metaphorically conceptualized in terms of space, this study will, on the one hand, take the time interval words into minute analysis to confirm our view of event conceptualization of time at a more basic level along with space–time metaphoric conceptualization of time at a relational level. In alignment with the epistemology of the time–space conflation of the Chinese ancestors, our view is supported by the systematic examination of evidence related to the cultural origins of the conceptualization of time, through a scrutiny of the original meanings and construction of words related to intervals of time in Mandarin Chinese. This study offers a new explanation of how: (1) the conceptualization of time in Chinese is realized through metonymic cognition and (2) words related to specific intervals of time are coined based on the metonymic conceptualization of related events or a corresponding event schema. Five major types of event-based metonymies are identified, and their interactive functions are illustrated. Based on this evidence, we argue that the double nature of both metaphoric and metonymic time conceptualization in Mandarin Chinese lies in the fact that time interval words can be used in its time categorial sense or as a time entity which suggests the etymological origins of Chinese as ideograph. It is concluded therefore that the event-based metonymy conceptualization of time can provide better insights into the characteristics of Chinese modes of thinking and its influences on the perception of and interaction with the world. This study can also serve as good evidence for the shaping effect of language on cognition.

Pen-and-Paper versus Computer-Mediated Writing Modality as a New Dimension of Task Complexity

In this paper we make a proposal that writing modality (pen-and-paper versus computer-based writing can be conceptualized as a cognitive task complexity factor. To lay ground for this theoretical proposal, we first review previous adaptations of cognitive task-based models to second language (L2) writing. We then compare pen-and-paper and computer-based writing modalities in terms of their general characteristics, outline the main tenets of multidisciplinary theoretical models which attribute learning and performance-related importance to writing modality, and review the available empirical evidence. From this we draw theoretical and empirical justification for our conceptualization of writing modality as a task complexity dimension. After outlining our conceptual view, we proceed with the review of the methods which could be used to independently assess cognitive load in paper and computer-written L2 tasks. In the conclusion, implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

Virtual reality-based learning through the lens of eudaemonic factors: Reflective thinking as a game changer

This study aims to explore what determinants affect learners’ intention to continue using virtual reality (VR) for learning in formal classroom settings. In the proposed theoretical framework, three eudaemonic factors, namely perceived utility, curiosity, and superior influence, were adapted as external stimuli. Moreover, individuals’ cognitive absorption and reflective thinking were set as mediators, while the traits of openness and digital literacy were set as moderators. A total of 463 school students (grades 9/10, M = 284, F = 179) participated in the designed experiment based on a personal computer-based immersive environment. Then, the students were asked to complete a perceived utility scale, superior influence scale, curiosity and cognitive absorption scale, reflective thinking scale, digital literacy and trait of openness scale. The results demonstrated that eudaemonic factors positively influence students’ cognition (cognitive absorption and reflective thinking) and learners’ intention to continue to use VR for learning. Notably, individuals’ digital literacy and openness traits significantly moderate personal reflective thinking in an immersive environment. In this study, we illustrated the conceptual view of learners’ intention to continue using VR for learning, which has theoretical and practical implications for educators, researchers, and policy-makers.

The image of the teacher Celestine Freinet: explication of conceptual and theoretical concepts (on the occasion of the 125<sup>th</sup> birthday)

The author refers to the legacy of the outstanding French teacher, reformer, politician Celestine Freinet to reveal a special understanding of the nature and process of child development, his philosophical idea of pedagogy. The research made an attempt at a scientific search for questions of interest to a teacher involved in the study of the independent personality of students. Celestine Freinet sought to answer several important questions: Why might children want to learn? What will make them want this? Why might they lack a thirst for knowledge? The paper presents a comprehensive study of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of C. Freinet pedagogy, including an analysis of the image of a modern teacher in his heritage: past, present and future, the humanistic paradigm of education in the pedagogical concept, school self-government, moral and civic education of students as the basis of the Celestine Freinet education system and as a supporter of inculcating love for work in the process of educating the younger generation. Rethinking the historical and pedagogical heritage of C. Freinet from the standpoint of the modern development of pedagogical science and practice, the implementation of the leading ideas are the basis for further integration of conceptual humanistic views in the context of the formation of historical and pedagogical competencies of students. The article actualizes the main aspects of the dialectical unity of the continuity of traditions (past) innovations (present to the future), reflecting the process of transferring the historical and pedagogical heritage to modern educational practice. The author identifies and substantiates a number of theoretical provisions in the system of С. Freinet, implemented in modern conditions of education in the format of the international competition of research and creative works of students In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign scientists and teachers.

A Reflection on Joseph Smith's Restorationist Vision of Truth

A Reflection on Joseph Smith's Restorationist Vision of Truth

Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-90 (eHsp90): Everything You Need to Know.

“Extracellular” Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) was initially reported in the 1970s but was not formally recognized until 2008 at the 4th International Conference on The Hsp90 Chaperone Machine (Monastery Seeon, Germany). Studies presented under the topic of “extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90)” at the conference provided direct evidence for eHsp90’s involvement in cancer invasion and skin wound healing. Over the past 15 years, studies have focused on the secretion, action, biological function, therapeutic targeting, preclinical evaluations, and clinical utility of eHsp90 using wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and tumour models both in vitro and in vivo. eHsp90 has emerged as a critical stress-responding molecule targeting each of the pathophysiological conditions. Despite the studies, our current understanding of several fundamental questions remains little beyond speculation. Does eHsp90 indeed originate from purposeful live cell secretion or rather from accidental dead cell leakage? Why did evolution create an intracellular chaperone that also functions as a secreted factor with reported extracellular duties that might be (easily) fulfilled by conventional secreted molecules? Is eHsp90 a safer and more optimal drug target than intracellular Hsp90 chaperone? In this review, we summarize how much we have learned about eHsp90, provide our conceptual views of the findings, and make recommendations on the future studies of eHsp90 for clinical relevance.