Conceptual Skills Research Articles

Young children enlarge the pie: Antecedents of negotiation skills.

Negotiations are critical to interpersonal interactions, yet little is known about how the conceptual skills that support successful negotiations develop in childhood and across societies. Here, we presented 384 3-10-year-old children in the United States and India with tasks that measured children's understanding that people can value the same resources differently (Experiments 1-4) and that underlying interests motivate people's stated positions (Experiment 5). In Experiments 1 and 2, children participated in a third-person resource distribution task. Children distributed resources (candies) to two targets who valued resources differently: absolute preferences (liking A but disliking B) or relative preferences (liking both but preferring A to B). By age 5, children differentiated relative from absolute preferences. Experiments 3 and 4 presented a first-person variant of the same task. In trials involving a conflict in which both the child and the target preferred the same resource, U.S. children prioritized their own preferences, whereas Indian children prioritized the targets' preferences. In Experiment 5, all participants from the previous studies participated in an additional task in which two people wanted a single resource, an orange, but their interests differed-one wanted the pulp to make juice and one wanted the peel to make cake. With age, children increasingly proposed the value-maximizing option of splitting the peel from the pulp, rather than halving the orange. Notably, even the youngest Indian children chose the value-maximizing option. Our findings outline the development of two antecedents to successful negotiations and highlight the disparate role of self-interest across cultural contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Analisis Penggunaan Software PlantNet Terhadap Pemerolehan Konsep Dan Keterampilan Prosedural Siswa

The purpose of this research is to assess the intensity of usefulness of technology in the form of PlantNet software on the idea and process (procedural) abilities of students in the topic of variety of living things after three practical activities. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a control and experimental group of 32 students each. This study focuses on the aspects of the idea and process/procedural responses provided by students after attending th(Prastyo et al., 2021)e practicum with and without the PlantNet software. The findings of the SPSS software study utilizing the unpaired t test (2-tailed) generated by the PlantNet program were able to substantially increase students' conceptual skills (sig. 0.0124 < 0,05) and process/procedural abilities (nilai sig. 0.02523 < 0,05). Further study is intended to examine motivation and gender relatedness to mastery of technologies employed during practicum.

STUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE-UNTUK PERMODELAN PENGARUH KOMPETENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA KEDAI KOPI SKALA KECIL DI KOTA PADANG

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the growth of small-scale coffee shops has increased in Padang city. This condition indicates the high level of coffee consumption and the increased competition of coffee shops. A good entrepreneurship competency is needed to improve business performance. This research aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial competency on small-scale coffee shop business performance in Padang City. This research used an Entrepreneurial competency model influenced by psychological characteristics (indicated by motivation, achievement, socialize need) and environmental factors (characterized by social net, government policy, and supply). The business performance model is influenced by entrepreneurial competency (managerial skill, conceptual skill, social skill, decision-making skill, and time managerial skill) and environmental factors. This research used a snowball sampling method of 100 data samples of small-scale coffee shops (owner and barista) in Padang City from April until May 2021. The data was then analyzed by SEM-PLS analysis with SMART PLS 3.3 software. The result showed that psychological characteristics and environmental factors influenced the entrepreneurial competency in small-scale coffee shops. The business performance was influenced by entrepreneurial competency and environmental factors in the small-scale model. The results also show that the model was used in this research has a Model Fit of 84%.

Servant leadership and its role in achieving job security An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of employees in a number of private universities in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Abstract
 The research aims to identify the role of servant leadership in job security. The research problem was represented in the availability of levels of job security among employees in a number of private universities in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, and dimensions of servant leadership style among administrative leaders in those universities. For the purpose and in order to test the research hypotheses, a sample of the private universities in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, which are (6) universities, were chosen, and represented the research community with employees in terms of administrators and academics contracting in those universities, and the research sample consisted of (106) individuals who answered the questionnaire about their levels of agreement on the availability of servant leadership dimensions among leaders in their universities, as well as their own answers about the availability of levels of job security. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data related to the field side.
 The research hypotheses were tested using a set of statistical methods suitable for analysis. The research was reached a set of conclusions, the most important is the existence of a significant correlation between servant leadership and job security in the universities investigated, as well as a significant effect of the dimensions of the servant leadership represented by (helping followers to develop and succeed, generate value for society, empathy, conceptual skills, and act ethically) in job security. The impact of empowerment, as one of servant leadership dimensions, on job security not appeared. The study concluded with a set of recommendations and proposals for the universities, the research community, as well as the proposed recommendations for future researchers in the topics of servant leadership and job security.

Praksis Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan pada Unit Produksi Jasa Boga


 The Praxis of Entrepreneurship Learning in the Food services Production Unit. This study aims to investigate teachers’ concepts of entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship competencies developed in the production unit, and entrepreneurship learning processes in the production unit of food services in SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. This study employed the qualitative case study. The research subjects were the principal, head of the study program, head of the production unit, and students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that: (1) Entrepreneurship learning needs hands-on-experiences-based; (2) the entrepreneurship competency developed through the production unit includes a) entrepreneurship knowledge, consisting of self-knowledge and practical knowledge, b) entrepreneurship attitudes, consisting of work ethos, autonomy, discipline, creativity, and innovativeness, and c) entrepreneurship skills, consisting of: technical skill, human relations skill, conceptual skill, decision making skill, time management skill, and leadership skill; (3) no instructional standard employed in to develop entrepreneurship in production unit. There are three entrepreneurship learning models employed in the production unit: inside production, outside production, and mobile canteen. The learning outcome is measured in two ways, i.e. performance and product monitoring. Meanwhile, evaluation of the students’ learning progress is conducted by using profit-based evaluation.
 Keywords: learning, entrepreneurship, production unit

Praksis Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan pada Unit Produksi Jasa Boga

The Praxis of Entrepreneurship Learning in the Food services Production Unit. This study aims to investigate teachers’ concepts of entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship competencies developed in the production unit, and entrepreneurship learning processes in the production unit of food services in SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. This study employed the qualitative case study. The research subjects were the principal, head of the study program, head of the production unit, and students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that: (1) Entrepreneurship learning needs hands-on-experiences-based; (2) the entrepreneurship competency developed through the production unit includes a) entrepreneurship knowledge, consisting of self-knowledge and practical knowledge, b) entrepreneurship attitudes, consisting of work ethos, autonomy, discipline, creativity, and innovativeness, and c) entrepreneurship skills, consisting of: technical skill, human relations skill, conceptual skill, decision making skill, time management skill, and leadership skill; (3) no instructional standard employed in to develop entrepreneurship in production unit. There are three entrepreneurship learning models employed in the production unit: inside production, outside production, and mobile canteen. The learning outcome is measured in two ways, i.e. performance and product monitoring. Meanwhile, evaluation of the students’ learning progress is conducted by using profit-based evaluation.
 Keywords: learning, entrepreneurship, production unit

Learning by teaching technological knowledge: conceptual skill development in Japanese overseas subsidiaries

In recent years, knowledge transfer studies have produced a great deal of knowledge on technology transfer in MNCs. However, these studies have focused exclusively on the effects on the recipients of knowledge and not on the effects on the suppliers of knowledge. To fill this research gap in previous studies, this study takes the concept of “learning by teaching” proposed in pedagogy as a clue and demonstrates for the first time the effects on the suppliers of technological knowledge. This study (1) sets the international horizontal transfer of production technology systems among overseas subsidiaries as the research object, (2) obtains original data from 391 Japanese multinational manufacturing subsidiaries through a mail questionnaire survey, and (3) analyses the data through multiple regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results revealed that overseas subsidiaries of MNCs can make their production technology systems explicit (making them easier to teach) through technical guidance and thereby develop the conceptual skills of their engineers and operators. The results of this study open up the possibility of developing theories on (1) updating the knowledge base at the supplier of knowledge and (2) building the relationship between the supplier and the teaching materials in knowledge transfer.

Project Manager Skills affecting Construction Projects in Egypt

The research was to explore the relationships between Construction Project manager skills and the performance of projects in Egypt. Specifically, this study investigated the relationship between the project manager skills (Technical Skills, Human skills, Conceptual Skills, Political and Social Skills) and the dimensions of project performance (Project Cost and Project Time). Hard skills include technological abilities, background, industry knowledge, and project experience. That define the tangible portion of a project manager’s resume as the 21st century recognition of project management. Data has been collected from 104 expert engineers who have a good realistic background in the field of construction industry; questionnaire survey is the used method. The results of analysis propose that risk management abilities have a significant association with project cost and time performance. The Egyptian construction sector may use the findings as a guideline to choosing project managers with the ‘suitable’ skills profile or focusing training and development programs on skills crucial for successful projects.

Principal Managerial Skills in Implementing School-Based Management: A Literature Review

This study aimed to describe principals’ managerial skills in the development of School-Based Management (SBM). The method used in this study was a literature review. The results and discussion of the study, namely the principal’s managerial skills, include; Technical skills (technical abilities), human skills (human relations abilities), and conceptual skills (conceptual abilities), which are implemented in school-based management with components of curriculum management and teaching programs, education staff, student affairs, finance, educational facilities and infrastructure, management of school and community relations, and special services for institutions. The indicators for the success of School-Based Management (SBM) include support from school principals and teachers, sufficient financial resources, clear commitments, responsibilities, skills, and qualifications of school officials, appropriate plans, obligations, and accountability.

Work Ethics and Ethical Attitudes among Healthcare Professionals: The Role of Leadership Skills in Determining Ethics Construct and Professional Behaviors.

(1) Background: The provision of healthcare is transforming, necessitating changes in descriptions and frameworks for ethical leadership. This study aimed to assess the association of the different leadership skills with the work ethical constructs and attitudes among healthcare professionals. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a snowball sampling technique was used to enroll healthcare practitioners. The questionnaire used in this study included two parts: the first part gathered the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, while the second part consisted of three validated assessment scales, i.e., work ethics, ethical attitudes questionnaire for public health professionals, and leadership skills questionnaire. (3) Results: Higher work ethics and a higher intrinsic work motivation subscale were significantly associated with high leadership administrative skills (Beta = 6.04, p = 0.019, and Beta = 2.55, p < 0.001, respectively). However, higher leadership conceptual skills (Beta = −1.07, p = 0.027) were associated with a lower intrinsic work motivation subscale. Higher leadership administrative skills (Beta = 28.39, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher ethical attitudes scores. (4) Conclusions: Higher administrative leadership has an imperative positive impact on work ethic in the provision of different public health services. Leadership skills are not limited to a specific profession, experience, or career stage of health care, and could significantly predict the individual ethical attitude and professional behavior.

The School principles’ Accountability in Management of Education Financing

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the school principles’ accountability in management of education financing at Gunungsari 01 Elementary School Pamijahan district, Bogor regency. The dimensions of accountability for education financing are seen from management transparency (conceptual skills), the school principles’ performance standard (technical skills), and the partnership with school committees (human skills). The approach used is a case study by collecting the observation data, interview, and document studies. The informants of this research are the school principle, treasure, teachers, operator, committees, and supervisors. The data were obtained by using qualitative analysis. The steps of this research are data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The result of the first research is about the transparency of education financing (conceptual skills) which consist of the planning, usage, reporting, and supervision. Indicator transparency in education financing (conceptual skills) which consist of the ability of school needs, having new idea as the outline in education financing, being anticipative of the change, and be able to see the school development opportunities through education financing that have emerges but need the consistency improvement in its activities. The second point is about the school principle performance (technical skills). The indicator of technical skills regarding the school principles’ understanding of school program planning and professionalism in managing education financing with transparency and accountable which have been seen, but it needs improvement in terms of supporting document. The third point, the partnership with school committees (human skills). The human skills indicator consist of a) the ability of communication effectively in organization, b) accommodate the needs of students, parents, and school committees, c) collaboration with others, d) delegation of the taks which has been carried out well but needs to increase the intensity of the partnership period.

A Review of Recent Skills Required as Engineering Project Managers

Most of the project engineers are presumed to be promoted as the project manager after certain period of services. However, they are required to attain certain qualities in order to manage the project effectively. Hence, this paper summarised several recent skills required for an engineering project managers. This paper relates the role of the engineering project manager with the skills required to accomplish the managerial jobs. The skills are divided into six categories, which are conceptual skills, human skills, political skills, technical skills, negotiating skills and budgeting skills. Each of these skills were discussed with several examples as the reference. It was believed that these skills are needed for the project managers to boost up the management performance, in the real engineering project field, and the findings of this paper could become the appropriate guidelines for the young engineers as the motivation to climb up the promotional ladder as some successful project managers.

Characteristics of Instruments and Profile of Creative Thinking Ability of Students on Work and Energy Material

Physics learning in secondary schools requires students to achieve learning objectives in developing conceptual skills and creative thinking by studying every problem that occurs in life using the concept of physics. However, the fact is that the physics material taught rarely relates the content of the lesson to everyday life, the lesson is mostly filled with convergent so that creative thinking skills cannot be measured. This study aims to apply the developed instrument and obtain empirical data on the validity of the instrument as well as a profile picture of students' creative thinking abilities. This study uses the ADDIE model with 5 stages, namely analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. The test subjects in this study were 34 students of class X UMIPA 2 at MAN 1 Bojonegoro. The results of the development obtained 10 items of instruments that have been validated by 3 lecturers of physicists. Empirical validity was analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Based on the data from the validity test results that have been analyzed, it shows that the instrument that has been developed is theoretically valid with an average V Aiken value in the material, construction and language domains, respectively 0.91; 0.91; and 0.87. The results of instrument validation are also declared empirically valid by having values: (a) Empirical validation of items with an rxy value range of 0.34 to 0.64; (b) The reliability of the instrument obtained an r11 value of 0.564 with a sufficient category, (c) The difficulty level of the instrument questions was 30% of the questions in the medium category and 70% of the questions in the easy category, (d) The discriminatory power of the instrument had 10% good questions, 40% enough questions, and 50% of the questions are not good. Creative thinking skills in students have a medium to very high category.

STRATEGI KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN

The purpose of this article is to provide a general view of the concept of leadership from several aspects, namely psychology, management and education through presenting various ideas and interpretations, although not final conclusions. The main discussion in this article: "What ideas about leadership concepts in the scientific literature on psychology, management and education. Articles are written with descriptive studies with the results that the leadership strategy is closely related to managerial skills so that a person's capacity to implement conceptual skills related to humans and technical leadership skills to carry out management functions.

해양경찰공무원의 서번트리더십이 직무열의에 미치는 영향 연구

The purpose of this study is the effect of Servant Leadership on Work Engagement and the subject of this study is maritime police officials. Research on leadership and organizational effects is diverse. However, there are no studies on servant leadership and Work Engagement for maritime police officials. In this study, 131 maritime police officials were targeted. In this study, the independent variable is servant leadership. Sub-variables are six sub-factors: conceptual skills, emotional healing, growth support, ethical behavior, empowerment, and community value creation. the dependent variable is Work Engagement. The sub-variables consisted of three factors: vigor, dedication, absorption. As a result of factor analysis, servant leadership consisted of emotional healing, growth support, ethical behavior, and community value creation, and Work Engagement consisted of vibor, dedication, and absorption. The analysis results are as follows. First, ethical behavior, a sub-variable of servant leadership, influenced vibor, a sub-variable of Work Engagement. Second, growth support, a sub-variable of servant leadership, influenced dedication, a sub-variable of Work Engagement. Third, emotional healing, a sub-variable of servant leadership, influenced absorption.

Employability Skills in the TVET Trainer Training Program: The perception Between Experienced Trainers and Novices Trainers

This paper is aimed to determine the importance of employability skills among experienced and novice trainers in the TVET trainer training program. This is due to, some employers reported TVET graduates' lack of employability skills and facing difficulties to fulfill the current employment demands and professional expectations needed by industries (e.g., people management skills, communication skills, interpersonal skills, teamwork, professionalism, knowledge, and principles, problem-solving skills, and decision-making skills). A survey questionnaire was distributed during the TVET training program. A total of Experienced Trainers (n=34) and Novice trainers (n=137) were participating in this study. This study ranked the 25 abilities/items according to eight main constructs of employability skills based on a score ranging from (1) – to (5). The findings indicated that there is a different rank of employability skills between experienced and novice trainers. From these findings, it shows that communication skills, teamwork skills, self-discipline skills, and interpersonal skills are equally perceived to have a high importance level (top 4 highest) by both experienced trainers and novice trainers, while leadership skills, learning skills, and conceptual skills are equally perceived to have a lower importance level according to both experienced trainers and novice trainers. This calls for the planning of a specific curriculum that can be integrated into the TVET trainer training curriculum. It is necessary to transform the educational institutes into lifelong education centers to facilitate this employability skills formation among the graduates. In embedding the employability skills into the curriculum, teaching, learning, and assessment processes, steps must be taken to ensure that there is a constructive alignment between them. The desired employability skills should be made explicit through the learning outcomes of the modules that lead to high academic standards, leadership, industry-defined work readiness, and advanced and continuing education.

Employee Development: New Paradigms

Employees are the life of any organisation. The success or failure of the organisation depends on employee engagement, motivation and performance. Organisations are investing huge amounts of time, money and resources on employee development. This paper analyses and shares some frameworks and models related to employee development with various live examples of B-school programmes, executive learning strategies and organisational initiatives. It refers to the mega trends shaping the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic and develops a model for creating meaningful and competent teams for development needs and the potential identification and proper execution of employee development strategies. This article also talks about how technology can be used for development needs identification and capability building. The article suggests that we should look at various dimensions like conceptual skills, technical and functional skills, human skills, curiosity, self-awareness and corporate citizenship, while designing employee development programmes.

PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN SELF ESTEEM DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN AWAL MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK DI SMP NEGERI KOTA BIMA

The purpose of this quantitative study is to see the effect of the PBL model on the ability to understand concepts and self-esteem based on the students' initial mathematical abilities. The design of this research is a quasi-experimental with a population of all junior high school students in the Raba sub-district of Bima City for the 2020/2021 academic year. The research subjects were randomly selected, namely students from class VIII-A of SMP 05 Bima and VIII-A of SMP 06 Bima as the experimental class, while class VIII-D of SMP 05 Bima and VIII-C of SMP 06 Bima were the control class. The data collection technique used a test instrument to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and a questionnaire to measure students' self-esteem. Data analysis used descriptive statistics in the form of two-way ANOVA and t-test. The average value of students' conceptual understanding skills in the experimental class is 62.00 and the control class is 59.25. Based on data interpretation and t-test analysis with a significance level (α) = 0.05, the value of sig = 0.032 so that sig &amp;lt; . With the results obtained, it is informed that there is an effect of the PBL learning model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of eighth grade students of SMP in Raba sub-district, Bima City.

Acquired Skills and the Competencies in Bread and Pastry Production of Grade 11 TVL Senior High School Students

This study aimed to assess the acquired skills and the competencies in Bread and Pastry Production of Grade 11 TVL Senior High School Students. The descriptive correlated type of research method was used in the study. The 68 respondents were all Grade 11 students in Pagbilao National High School- SHS, Pagbilao, Quezon. The main instrument used in gathering data was the self-made and adopted survey questionnaire checklist using the Likert scale. The statistical treatments used were mean, frequency distribution, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The data revealed that acquired skills as to analytical was significantly related to core competencies in Bread and Pastry Production in terms of preparing and producing bakery products, preparing and producing pastry, preparing and presenting gateaux, tortes and cakes, preparing and displaying petit fours. Moreover, conceptual skills were significantly related to core competencies in terms of preparing and producing bakery products. Furthermore, communication skills were significantly related to core competencies in terms of preparing and producing bakery products, preparing and presenting gateaux, tortes and cakes. Likewise, interpersonal skills were significantly related to core competencies in terms of preparing and producing pastry products and preparing and presenting gateaux, tortes and cakes which have the same r – value. Similarly, leadership skills were significantly related to core competencies in terms of preparing and producing bakery products, preparing and producing pastry products. However, some acquired skills as to conceptual, communication interpersonal, leadership, and teamwork had no significant relationship with some competencies in Bread and Pastry Production in terms of preparing and producing bakery products, preparing and producing pastry products, preparing and presenting gateaux, tortes and cakes and preparing and displaying petit fours. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the acquired skills of the students and their competencies in Bread and Pastry Production is sustained, while for those with significant relationship is not sustained. Keywords: Acquired Skills, Analytical Skills, Bread and Pastry Production, Core Competencies, Conceptual Skills

Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program

A research involving the research competency and satisfaction among faculty members and administrators of Laguna State University (LSPU): basis for research competency initiative Program is described in this paper. The descriptive method of research was employed in this study to gather the necessary data and information on the research competency of faculty and administrators. The purpose of the study is to determine the research competency and satisfaction of the faculty members of LSPU that would be the basis of faculty research competency enhancement and development program. This research intends to determine the respondents’ level of competency in writing research paper in terms of conceptual skill, computational skills, and technical skills. Also, the determination of the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources provided by the institution to enhance the research capabilities, and to recommend valuable activities for the enhancement of research competency of the university. Findings showed the research administrators of the LSPU are administratively capable of doing research. As to process, the researchers are competent along conceptual skills, moderately competent in computational skills and technical skills. In the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources, the respondents are looking for more journals, books and other materials as well as training area for in-house and small conferences. The Research Unit, thru the supervision of the VP for Research, should continue to find means and ways to improve the research competency in the college. In addition, the faculty must be provided with the necessary training in communication both in oral and written, as needed in writing a research paper.