Relevant Concepts Research Articles

Exploring better image captioning with grid features

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has shown promising prospects in both computer vision and natural language processing communities. Meanwhile, as an essential aspect of AIGC, image to captions has received much more attention. Recent vision-language research is developing from the bulky region visual representations based on object detectors toward more convenient and flexible grid ones. However, this kind of research typically concentrates on image understanding tasks like image classification, with less attention paid to content generation tasks. In this paper, we explore how to capitalize on the expressive features embedded in the grid visual representations for better image captioning. To this end, we present a Transformer-based image captioning model, dubbed FeiM, with two straightforward yet effective designs. We first design the feature queries that consist of a limited set of learnable vectors, which act as the local signals to capture specific visual information from global grid features. Then, taking augmented global grid features and the local feature queries as inputs, we develop a feature interaction module to query relevant visual concepts from grid features, and to enable interaction between the local signal and overall context. Finally, the refined grid visual representations and the linguistic features pass through a Transformer architecture for multi-modal fusion. With the two novel and simple designs, FeiM can fully leverage meaningful visual knowledge to improve image captioning performance. Extensive experiments are performed on the competitive MSCOCO benchmark to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and the results show that FeiM yields more eminent results than existing advanced captioning models.

CASE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN FOREIGN EMBASSIES: TOWARDS AN IDEAL LEGAL CERTAINTY

Background: The resolution of Industrial Relations Disputes (IRDP) involving Foreign Workers (FW) and Foreign Missions in Indonesia is particularly unique and warrants further examination. This is due to its involvement with complex international law, particularly concerning diplomatic immunity and state immunity, making achieving an ideal resolution for foreign workers and providing legal certainty challenging. The issue revolves around determining the ideal IRDP resolution to offer legal certainty to Foreign Workers employed in Foreign Missions. Methods: This legal study analyzes relevant laws, concepts, and cases to identify an ideal resolution. Sources include international law, Indonesian national law, and foreign case studies. Results: The ideal resolution of Industrial Relations Disputes (IRDP) between FW and Foreign Missions in Indonesia must consider various aspects to ensure legal certainty. In the context of UNCJIS ratification, the Indonesian Government needs careful consideration before deciding to enact this convention. Conclusion: The Indonesian Government, not having enacted UNCJIS 2004 into its national law, would find it challenging to provide legal certainty to FW working in Foreign Missions in Indonesia, particularly those dismissed without being granted their normative rights. This is because executing legally binding court decisions becomes challenging. Therefore, the Indonesian Government could establish Bilateral Agreements between nations falling under its jurisdiction to ensure legal certainty for FW working in Foreign Missions in Indonesia.

Speech Science as the Foundation for Voice and Motor Speech Disorders

Purpose: Physiological concepts can be effectively taught in speech science. These will serve as the foundation for understanding the physiological changes associated with neurogenic and voice disorders. In this tutorial, relevant concepts are highlighted across the respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory systems. Student activities and illustrative videos are presented. The culminating activity is based on a speech sample of an individual with moderate flaccid–spastic dysarthria. Students relate the physiological changes associated with dysarthria to the acoustic outcomes. Conclusions: Although traditionally speech science focuses on acoustics, this tutorial provides guidance on shaping the class to highlight the physiology underlying the acoustics. In this manner, students more easily see the clinical relevance.

Ascetic protestantism as fatal strategy: religious-economic conflict and the implosion of cultural value

ABSTRACT This article engages Jean Baudrillard’s principles of hyperreality and fatal strategy, and Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in comparative analysis. First, it defines hyperreality as the saturation of quality to the degree of antithesis and defines fatal strategy as the self-destructive hyperreality of a system of thought, behavior, or exchange. Then, it assesses Weber’s work on ascetic Protestantism and the secularizing influence of capital. Proceeding from the definition of relevant concepts, this analysis finds that ascetic Protestantism is itself a fatal strategy, as it establishes the framework for an economic system that inevitably subverts its own religious foundations. This determination is crucial to the comparative interpretation of Baudrillard and Weber’s thought; the identification of fatal strategy within the genesis of global network of capital broadens the principle’s scope and clarifies hyperconsumption’s proliferation within traditionally ascetic cultures.

Authenticity: Conceptual Analysis and Relevance in the Indian Sociocultural Context

This article attempts to understand the concept of psychological authenticity, identifies gaps in the literature, and emphasizes its significance in the Indian context. Studies on authenticity in global and Indian contexts were reviewed for this purpose and the multifacetedness of the concept was specifically highlighted. A comparison of Indian and Western accounts of authenticity shows that Indian researchers are more prescriptive while defining the authentic self than their Western counterparts, who have provided descriptive accounts of authenticity. Sociocultural factors impact authenticity, but whether they enrich or hinder authenticity across contexts is unclear. Factors such as fear of negative evaluation or the need for belongingness are expected to impact the expression of authenticity at the behavioral level in the unique sociocultural context of India. Considering context-specific factors, the process of becoming authentic is more central to understanding authenticity than perceiving it as an end state of being. This discussion shows that authenticity as a construct is yet to be adequately explored globally, as well as in the Indian sociocultural context. Future research on authenticity holds great promise in areas related to mental health and personality.

Re-Conceptualizing Vertical Subdivision Development for Sustainable, Affordable Housing Delivery

Research on sustainable, affordable housing is evolving. Yet, its conceptual efficacy in light of the changing needs of today’s cities and targeted low-to-middle-income households remains unknown. In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, understanding the conceptual relevance and importance of land use planning tools such as vertical subdivision to the delivery of sustainable housing is tenable. In response to this knowledge gap, this entry inquires, how can the delivery of affordable housing be configured in a manner that leverages the potential of a redefined vertical subdivision development to optimize densities and ensure that housing affordability is sustainable? Here, this entry re-defines vertical subdivision development as a housing planning and design tool that allows for the segregation of air spaces into individual volumetric land parcels that mimic the environmental features of the land-on-ground, such that housing construction within such volumetric spaces is a function of the contextually relevant needs of occupants. This entry demonstrates a paradigm shift from existing housing infrastructure planning models and narratives to one that responds to and addresses all three dimensions of sustainability: economic (sustainable affordability), environmental (sustainable densities), and social (occupant wellness) in the housing infrastructure planning and delivery process.

The CRAFTS learning framework: equipping learners to create relevant, accessible, fun, tailored and scholarly activities in higher education

ABSTRACT Tertiary institutions are migrating away from didactic and teacher-centred approaches, and instead, pivoting to lesson designs that encourage hands-on learning and student engagement. However, this practice is often “try and see”, with few frameworks providing evidence-based approaches for practical application that demonstrates how learning can be successfully achieved. The literature supports foundational concepts that can be applied to develop effective learning environments, where students become producers, rather than consumers of course content. The CRAFTS framework outlines the benefits of focussing on: Create, Relevant, Accessible, Fun, Tailored and Scholarly activities and interventions to guide and facilitate student learning. This article presents the framework, an example application of its employment within a tertiary health science and medicine subject, and an evaluation of its effectiveness. For educators wishing to engage students in learning methods that extend beyond traditional didactic teaching delivery modes, and instead, focus on learner-centred approaches, this framework embeds the concepts of creativity, relevance, accessibility, and fun into sessions that can be tailored to the individual learner and are scholarly in nature. In these ways, the CRAFTS framework presents a robust and evidence-based approach to encouraging hands-on learner-generated content that can be used for knowledge consolidation in a tertiary course.

Using PROMIS Methodology to Create Self-Report Measures of Mindfulness and Related Concepts.

Mindfulness meditation is ubiquitous in health care, education, and communities at large. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are the focus of hundreds of NIH-funded trials given the myriad health benefits associated with this practice across multiple populations. Notwithstanding, significant gaps exist in how mindfulness concepts are measured using currently available self-report instruments. Due to the number of available mindfulness measurement tools, each measuring different aspects, it is difficult to determine the extent to which individuals develop comparable mindfulness skills and attitudes and which health benefits can be attributed to which gains in mindfulness. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (Puerto RicoOMIS®) has established a rigorous instrument development methodology to create brief, precise, and clinically relevant outcomes tools. This is the first of 4 papers representing an NCCIH-funded initiative (R01AT009539), which has applied Puerto RicoOMIS® instrument development methodologies to mindfulness measurement to improve the rigor, relevance, and reproducibility of MBI research results. This introductory paper sets the stage for why improved mindfulness measurement tools are needed and briefly describes the Puerto RicoOMIS® development approach. The second 2 papers highlight results from a national survey, focus groups, and expert interviews to identify and organize relevant mindfulness concepts, domains, and items for eventual item bank creation. The fourth paper reviews the item writing and development process of these new instruments, including results from stakeholder cognitive interviews and a translatability review. Together these papers feature the rigorous development approach, rationale, logic, and significance that supports the development, calibration, and validation of new Puerto RicoOMIS® measures of mindfulness and related concepts.

The Philosophy of creativity: conceptual approaches of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev

The object of this paper is creativity as a cultural philosophical and historical-philosophical phenomenon. The subject of the research is the substantiation of the essence of creativity by Russian religious philosophy on the example of the doctrine of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev. The aim of this research is to identify and articulate the key semantic constructs of creativity from the positions of the above-mentioned thinkers. The article also explores ideas about the nature of creativity and the specific features of a creative subject through the prism of relevant concepts of a socio-humanitarian orientation. A brief historical and philosophical excursion into the understanding of the ontological essence of creativity is carried out, modern ontological concepts of creativity are revealed and an existentially oriented concept of creativity is proposed. The theoretical basis of the research is the original works of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev, as well as various commenting scientific sources. The methodological foundation of the research is a comparative analysis and a method of contextual vision of creativity. The main result of the conducted research is the articulation of key aspects of the understanding of creativity by V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev. It is shown that for the first philosopher, the central task of creativity is the spiritualization of the material world through the realization of the unity of Goodness, Truth and Beauty, while the second thinker considers the main mission of creativity to be the establishment of a fundamentally different spiritual being by the subject. The scientific novelty of the research also lies in the comparative characterization of the concepts of creativity of these thinkers in terms of essence, tasks, meaning, material, sources, functions, result and other structural aspects.

MODELAREA COGNITIV-EVALUATIVĂ A DOUĂ INTERPRETĂRI DIFERITE ALE UNUI EVENIMENT ISTORIC

How can one explain the success or persistence of an interpretation of a historical event, such as a military conflict? How can it be changed or replaced? Thesenquestions, to which historians tend to answer punctually and empirically, have in Paul Thagard's theory of evaluative coherence a possible normative answer: the success of an interpretation depends on the evaluative coherence of its relevant concepts, and its replacement by another interpretation is possible when the evaluative coherence of the latter is superior to the evaluative coherence of the former. Illustrating the use of these theses by modeling two different interpretations of the attack on Pearl Harbor is the purpose of this material.

소비자 참여수준과 온라인 프로모션 만족도와의 관계

This study aims to analyze the impact of consumer engagement effort level on online promotion satisfaction, and to examine the moderating effects of corporate awareness and reward form. For this purpose, we reviewed the relevant concepts, proposed the research problem and research process, and conducted a survey and analysis. The results show that consumers' participation effort level has a significant moderating effect on online promotion satisfaction. However, there was no moderating effect of corporate awareness and reward type. This finding suggests that consumers experience higher satisfaction when they actively participate in promotions. On the other hand, corporate awareness and reward form did not show significant moderating effects on promotion satisfaction. Based on our findings, we suggest that companies consider ways to increase their consumer engagement efforts when designing their strategies and emphasize that they should consider engaging and interactive promotion strategies that do not rely solely on brand awareness. By doing so, companies will be able to maximize consumer engagement and increase brand loyalty.

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Erime ve Çözünme Kavramlarına Yönelik Bilgi Yapılarının Gelişim Sürecinin Kavramsal Değişim Teorilerine göre İncelenmesi

The aim of this longitudinal research is to examine the development process of scientific and consistent knowledge structures of first, second, and third-grade students in middle school within the concepts of melting and dissolution according to conceptual change theories at the end of the education and training processes carried out in educational institutions. The research is carried out in a district of a metropolitan city in the Marmara Region with the participation of 43 middle school students. Open-ended questions developed for concepts were used to collect data. Friedman test is used to determine whether there is a difference between students’ consistent and scientific knowledge structure scores regarding the concepts of melting and dissolution. As there is a significant difference between the students’ consistent and scientific knowledge structure scores regarding the concepts of melting and dissolution, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is used for dual comparisons between student levels. In addition, Spearman’s correlation coefficient of rank differences is used to determine if there is a relationship between the class levels of the students and the scores of students’ consistent and scientific knowledge structure regarding the concepts of melting and dissolution. As a result of the research, it is determined that the students’ consistent and scientific knowledge structure scores regarding the concepts of melting and dissolution differ depending on the students’ levels. When all the findings obtained from the research are evaluated together, it can be said that the development process of students’ knowledge structures regarding the relevant concepts is more compatible with the knowledge in pieces conceptual change theory. Based on the results of the research, some suggestions were made.

Analysis of International Disputes over Digital Services Tax and Exploration of China’s Approach

With the continuous emergence of emerging information technologies, the digital economy is developing rapidly around the world. The global operations of multinational digital enterprises no longer rely on physical presence. The effectiveness of permanent establishment rules based on the traditional real economy settings has been questioned by market countries, which actively participate in Market countries where digital business value is created do not receive corresponding taxation rights. Multinational digital companies take advantage of loopholes in digital platforms and current tax rules to actively carry out tax planning, resulting in digital companies’ global tax burden being much lower than that of traditional companies. Tax sources cannot be fairly and reasonably distributed in the places where value is created and profits are taxed, which harms the tax interests of market countries. Against the background of slow progress in the OECD global unified solution, as a temporary unilateral measure to address the challenges of the digital economy, some countries have taken the lead in imposing digital service taxes on specific digital businesses of digital enterprises. On the basis of discussing the relevant concepts and theories of digital service tax, this article discusses the relevant concepts and theories of digital service tax, and analyzes the international development of digital service tax and the positions of various countries around the world. Further analyze the impact of digital service tax collection from three aspects: national fiscal revenue, tax trade disputes and international tax order coordination, and analyze the impact of digital service tax on digital enterprises. Then the perspective is focused on my country, sorting out and summarizing my country's relevant digital economy tax policies, and analyzing the impact of digital service tax on my country in the near term and long term based on the development of my country's digital economy. Finally, based on the previous comparative analysis and impact analysis, my country's tax system for promoting the development of the digital economy has gradually improved and actively participated in the reshaping of international tax rules, and my country's response strategies under the digital service tax have been proposed. The different levels of digital economic development between China and countries that have levied digital service taxes will inevitably lead to disharmony in the international tax order. The study found that the fiscal revenue brought by digital service tax is limited and has a certain degree of distortion effect. It is necessary to actively participate in international cooperation and make China's voice heard before reaching a consensus on international tax rules. In the long term, we should focus on the connection between the two-pillar plan and the domestic tax system, strengthen tax information exchange, improve the domestic digital tax rule system, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of my country's digital economy.

International Patient Summary Terminology.

SNOMED CT is a comprehensive medical ontology used in health care sectors across the world covering a wide range of concepts that support diversity at the point of healthcare. However, not all these concepts are needed for every use case; it is better to concentrate on those parts that apply to the particular application while preserving the meaning of relevant concepts. This paper considers the application of a novel subontology extraction method to create a new resource, called the IPS terminology, which functions as a standalone ontology with the same features as SNOMED CT, but is designed for cross-border patient care. The IPS terminology has been released for free use under an open license, with the intention of promoting interoperability of health information worldwide.

Public Service Bureaucratic Reform At The One Door Integrated Services Department of Bone District

This research aims to identify the implementation of bureaucratic reform, while presenting solutions to improve license management services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with an informative case study that focuses on the Licensing Service Agency in Bone Regency covering several aspects. From an institutional perspective, licensing services have developed into a One Stop Service. However, from the aspect of human resources, employee qualifications do not match the needs of the organization, and employee discipline and responsibility are still low. In terms of systems and procedures, there are delays in completing permits, discrimination and contradictions. This study also confirms the concept of formalism as a characteristic of prismatic society described by Fred W. Riggs. This phenomenon has been confirmed in research as “Regulatory Heresy.” Thus, this research not only identifies the problems of implementing bureaucratic reform, but also contributes to the verification of relevant concepts and theories in the context of this research.

A Conceptual Model of the Social Entrepreneurship Design Thinking for University Students

The knowledge-building of social entrepreneurs often depends on self-will, especially in terms of knowledge, skills, creativity, and innovation. Proper planning and design development are the main pillars that help social entrepreneurs to continue to progress and be competitive. Design thinking helps in the production of creative ideas before the implementation of the mission of social entrepreneurship, which in turn contributes to change and increases the social value of society. This article aims to discuss the social entrepreneurship design thinking model of public university students in the production of more efficient and impactful social entrepreneurship behavior. The author uses a literature review approach to obtain relevant concepts and theories before developing a structured modeling framework to be tested in the study. A number of public university students in Peninsular Malaysia were selected to be respondents for this study. This study only unravels the importance of the development of design thinking for university students and no numerical data needs to be analyzed. The contribution of the study gives a positive impact and innovative value to the field of entrepreneurship, the academic sector, and local universities. This study is expected to contribute in building awareness of adapting design thinking to the social entrepreneurship of public university students in the generation of product ideation as well as community social mission activities in achieving the objective as a social entrepreneur who brings impact to the development of the country and human civilization.
 Keywords: design thinking, innovation, public universities, social entrepreneurship, students

Signature functional control of digital automatic device register operations

The development of digital operating automatic devices models of the systems with the property of high functional controllability of hardware and software tools for the performance of computational functions (operations) on a real scale becomes a priority task in the context of ensuring high efficiency and reliability of monitoring the functioning of digital metrological telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure problem growing relevance. In the article, based on a critical analysis of known methods for digital systems functional control, a method of ensuring the operational controllability of digital automatic devices is proposed based on the concept implementation of predicting (forecasting) control signatures of tuples and their state. Relevant concepts are introduced, and a structural-functional model of functional control for digital automatic device with «hard» logic based on the method of signature prediction is proposed. In the context of the practical implementation of the proposed method of predicting signatures on each operating cycle of the digital automatic device, a system of control signature equations formulas (signature functional control rules) is given for the basic types of digital automatic device register operations with «hard» logic. This makes it possible to implement a new functional control principle (signature functional control by the method of signature prediction) of digital automatic devices by introducing a unified hardware redundancy (synthesized hardware node of a signature functional control) from functionally complete elementary combinational structures from a finite set (standard set). In this regard, the relevance of functional control by the method of predicting signatures for generators of pseudorandom sequences of the maximum length in the digital automatic device of cryptographic encryption by jamming measurement information during its transmission in telecommunication channels of management systems of critical infrastructure objects in the conditions of possible cyberattacks is reasonably grounded. The scientific novelty of the obtained theoretical results is the authors' proof of the need to develop further the methodology of functional control of a general-purpose digital automatic device and, in particular, of telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure based on the use of the author's mathematical apparatus of synthesis «signature Boolean-polynomial algebra».

Financial Crime Scripting: an Analytical Method to Generate, Organise and Systematise Knowledge on the Financial Aspects of Profit-Driven Crime

AbstractThis article presents a further development of the existing crime scripting framework to enhance insight in the financial aspects of profit-driven crime: financial crime scripting. By drawing on the foundations of crime script analysis, financial crime scripting allows to generate, organise and systematise knowledge about the financial aspects of the crime commission processes of a variety of crime types, and accounts for linking the dots with financial crimes, such as bribery, bankruptcy fraud and money laundering. Viewing these financial crimes as supporting or succeeding offences in light of profit-driven crimes, and at the same time providing guidance to analyse these offences as profit-driven crimes in itself, opens the door for detailed analyses without losing sight of the bigger picture, i.e., the interconnectedness with other crimes. This analytical method helps crime researchers to take into account the financial aspects of crime-commission processes in crime script analyses and could help law enforcement agencies and other crime prevention partners to go beyond a proceeds-of-crime approach and put a follow-the-money approach in practice. Financial crime scripting takes full account of the financial aspects of profit-driven crime and puts relevant concepts in broader perspective, enhancing understanding with conceptual clarity. In addition to outlining the framework, the relevance for policy and practice is unravelled and avenues for future research are discussed.

Framing a holistic model of reasoning in the design process in technology education

Understanding the reasoning in the design process is essential to comprehend design practice and promote students’ learning. Followingly, to effectively support students through the design process, it is crucial to pay attention to their reasoning. Therefore, in this study, we have built a model for students’ reasoning in the design process in technology education to be used as a utility in further research. Here, reasoning is viewed as the process of using premises to reach a conclusion. Drawing from philosophy of technology and philosophy of technology education, the model introduces relevant concepts that are particularly useful in technology education. The model incorporates two types of reasoning: means-end reasoning and cause-effect reasoning. Means-end reasoning involves identifying actions to achieve a desired end. While cause-effect reasoning leads to conclusions in the form of beliefs about causes, effects, consequences, and side-effects, which is important when predicting and evaluating in the design process. The model highlights the interplay between these two types of reasoning, where students would constantly move between them in the design process. The model involves a holistic view of the reasoning and the design process, rather than taking a purely instrumental approach. That the model fuse two types of reasoning, makes it applicable at any point in the design process and across different contexts in technology education. Overall, the model provides a comprehensive view of reasoning in the design process in technology education.

How Do Molecular Systems Engineering Scientists Frame the Ethics of Their Research?

Background There are intense discussions about the ethical and societal implications of biomedical engineering, but little data to suggest how scientists think about the ethics of their work. The aim of this study is to describe how scientists frame the ethics of their research, with a focus on the field of molecular systems engineering. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted during 2021–2022, as part of a larger study. This analysis includes a broad question about how participants view ethics as related to their work, with follow up probes about the topics they consider most important. Interviews were transcribed, inductively coded by two researchers to consensus, and analyzed thematically. Results Twenty-four scientists participated in the study. Interviewees hold positions as professors, principal investigators, and senior staff researchers in universities or research institutes in the United States and Europe. Among those scientists who reported reflecting on ethical considerations in their work, many equated ethics with research ethics topics (e.g., safety, replicability), or with regulation and guidelines. Participants expressed the view that ethical issues are primarily relevant for clinical trials of bioengineered products, or for those working with animal or human subjects. Scientists described their research as “too early” or “not examining anything living” with regard to ethical reflection. Finally, many felt that ethics is seen as territory for experts and therefore beyond scientists’ competencies. Conclusions Molecular systems engineering scientists currently focus on regulatory aspects as the framework for their ethical analyses. They describe using a framework to define when life arises, as a means to determine when further ethical engagement is warranted. Further research is needed to investigate how scientists relate to the ethics of their scientific work, and build consensus around concepts of life, autonomous behavior, and physiological relevance of bioengineered systems.