Conceptual Model Research Articles

“Not a cookie cutter situation”: how neurodivergent students experience group work in their STEM courses

BackgroundAlthough group work is increasingly used in STEM courses and may lead to improved academic outcomes, there is evidence that some implementations of group work may lead to unintended barriers for certain students’ learning. Despite the growing number of neurodivergent undergraduate students, there is limited research on neurodivergent students’ experiences with group work in STEM courses. To address this knowledge gap, the current research investigated the experiences of 22 neurodivergent undergraduate students with group work in STEM courses at a range of institution types and in a variety of STEM disciplines. Participants shared experiences with in-class and out-of-class group work assignments for lecture and laboratory courses.ResultsThrough inductive thematic coding of semi-structured interview transcripts, we identified seven themes impacting participants’ experiences. Three themes were individual level: personal characteristics that participants associated with their neurodivergence; strategies for academic success (with subthemes of organization/time management, adaptive communication, and self-advocacy); and beliefs on group work’s value. Four themes were group level/classroom level: group dynamics; role in group (including leadership roles); the competitive culture within STEM; and recommendations for instructors. Through a social-relational perspective on disability, we proposed a model showcasing how group and classroom factors serve as supports or barriers to neurodivergent students’ full participation in group work, as well as to their sense of belonging. Using the seven themes we articulated, we outlined a set of practices for designing group work assignments. In addition, we propose how pairing inclusive assignment design with instructor reflection and articulating anti-ableist values can support neurodivergent student belonging by disrupting discourses of normalcy in STEM.ConclusionsAs one of the first studies exploring the impact that group work in STEM courses has on neurodivergent undergraduates, this work may inform reimaginations of group work practices to better address the needs of neurodivergent STEM students and support a more inclusive culture in STEM classrooms. In addition, our conceptual model may serve as the basis for future research regarding interactions between individual-level and group-level factors associated with neurodivergent students’ learning through group work and other active learning practices.

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of immunoglobulin G antibodies.

Antibodies provide an essential layer of protection from infection and reinfection with microbial pathogens. An impaired ability to produce antibodies results in immunodeficiency and necessitates the constant substitution with pooled serum antibodies from healthy donors. Among the five antibody isotypes in humans and mice, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are the most potent anti-microbial antibody isotype due to their long half-life, their ability to penetrate almost all tissues and due to their ability to trigger a wide variety of effector functions. Of note, individuals suffering from IgG deficiency frequently produce self-reactive antibodies, suggesting that a normal serum IgG level also may contribute to maintaining self-tolerance. Indeed, the substitution of immunodeficient patients with pooled serum IgG fractions from healthy donors, also referred to as intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) therapy, not only protects the patient from infection but also diminishes autoantibody induced pathology, providing more direct evidence that IgG antibodies play an active role in maintaining tolerance during the steady state and during resolution of inflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss different conceptual models that may explain how serum IgG or IVIg can contribute to maintaining a balanced immune response. We will focus on pathways depending on the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) as pre-clinical data in various mouse model systems as well as human clinical data have demonstrated that the IgG Fc-domain recapitulates the ability of intact IVIg with respect to its ability to trigger resolution of inflammation. We will further discuss how the findings already have or are in the process of being translated to novel therapeutic approaches to substitute IVIg in treating autoimmune inflammation.

Future invasion risk assessment of the peacock bass in Neotropical ecoregions: A conceptual and testable model

Protecting freshwater biodiversity from non-native invasive species and their impacts is crucial for minimising both regional and global deterioration of ecosystem services. The yellow peacock bass Cichla ocellaris, a predatory freshwater fish endemic to the Amazon region, has been translocated within several Neotropical ecoregions, exhibiting harmful effects on biodiversity. In order to facilitate the prioritization of management efforts, which are essential for defining conservation actions in extensive and diverse areas, we propose a risk assessment index that integrates multiple ecological and environmental variables within a comprehensive framework, here applied for C. ocellaris. By considering fish species richness, occurrence frequency, and climate suitability, our index provides a more nuanced understanding of invasion risks. Within regions categorized as high and very high risk, where ecological impacts of C. ocellaris have been extensively documented (e.g., the Southern and North-East Brazilian regions, as well as Central American and Caribbean ecoregions), numerous environments are increasingly conducive to the establishment of this invasive species, exacerbated by a surge in dam constructions. Our analysis projects a significant increase in suitable habitats by 5% to 6.5%, with Southern and Northeastern Brazil and Central America identified as critical zones. Thus, our reproducible risk assessment framework, which considers freshwater ecoregions as conservation units, not only directs effective resource allocation for control measures but also enhances our ability to predict and mitigate the ecological impacts of non-native species introductions, providing a valuable tool for both policymakers and conservationists.

Does embeddedness in strategic alliances matter for innovation efficiency? The moderating roles of government R&D subsidies and standardization

PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of strategic alliance network centrality and structural holes on firm innovation efficiency. In addition, the paper aims to explore the moderating effects of government R&D subsidies and firm technology standardization.Design/methodology/approachBased upon the literature on strategic alliance networks, this paper proposes a conceptual model with several hypotheses. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 736 observations from 92 mechanical manufacturing firms in China from 2010 to 2017. We measured firm innovation efficiency via the DEA model and performed quantitative analysis with GMM estimation.FindingsThe results indicate that strategic alliance network centrality is positively related to firm innovation efficiency, and structural holes have a U-shaped relationship with firm innovation efficiency. Government R&D subsidies positively moderate the relationship between centrality and firm innovation efficiency. Firm technology standardization positively moderates the relationship between centrality and firm innovation efficiency and the U-shaped relationship between structural holes and firm innovation efficiency.Practical implicationsFirms should focus on improving innovation efficiency and maximizing innovation output under limited resources. Furthermore, managers ought to strengthen cooperation between firms and external alliances while promoting the utilization of strategic alliance network position resources to benefit innovation efficiency.Originality/valueThis paper considers that innovation efficiency, including input and output processes, is more representative than innovation performance, and few studies have focused on the relationship between strategic alliance networks and innovation efficiency. To fill this research gap, this paper explores the impact of strategic alliance network position embedding on innovation efficiency.

The influence of celebrity endorsement on the purchase behavior of brands and product categories

Purpose Celebrity endorsement has been profusely used to promote the consumption and purchase intention of diverse product categories; however, there is scarce research about whether celebrity endorsement effectiveness differs between brands and product categories. In this context, this study aims to answer this question: “Does consumer purchase behavior influenced by celebrity endorsement differ between brands and products?”. Design/methodology/approach To this end, a conceptual model of the influence of celebrity endorsement on consumer purchase behavior is examined through a multiple group structural equation modeling on two consumer samples (315 = brands; 308 = product categories). Samples were categorized as a celebrity promoting either a product category or a brand, and food products were selected as the product category for the investigation. Findings Findings indicate differences in the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement between brands and product categories: credibility is the most relevant variable influencing consumer purchase intention for product categories, while credibility and congruence both influence consumer purchase intention for brands. Similarly, the celebrity recommendation of brands generates greater purchase intention due to celebrity congruence with the endorsed product. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present research is one of the first endeavors to compare the effectiveness of celebrity brand endorsement versus celebrity product endorsement on purchase intention.

Manually operated microtube automatic capper/decapper system for clinical laboratory and biological laboratory personnel

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an effective method for diagnosing infectious diseases and has been the primary method throughout the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. PCR tests (from specimen collection to result acquisition) involve sample pretreatment, nucleic acid extraction, and PCR procedure. Automating the pretreatment process is crucial to mitigate the risk of infection for workers and to reduce the likelihood of sample contamination-triggered misdiagnosis, particularly when handling centrifuge tubes, cryopreservation tubes, and microtubes. Robotic systems have been engineered to automate cell culture and PCR-based diagnosis, predominantly designed for use with screw-capped containers. However, this leaves a notable gap in automation solutions for microtubes equipped with press-type caps. To address this gap, we developed a versatile microtube capper/decapper system. On the other hand, many tasks of manual operation using microtubes, which are routinely conducted in clinical tests and biological experiments, are performed. Compared to screw-type caps for centrifuge and cryopreservation tubes, press-type caps for microtubes present a considerably higher risk of the worker's fingers contacting the inside of the cap and/or generating airborne droplets. Despite the risks of contamination and infection derived from the manual handling of microtube caps, which can compromise diagnosis/experiment accuracy and worker safety, devices for manually opening and closing microtube caps without direct contact remain lacking. Therefore, leveraging the technology from the developed versatile microtube capper/decapper system for laboratory automation, we created a manually operated microtube equipped with an automatic capper/decapper system tailored for personnel in clinical and biological laboratories.In this study, we first examined the required specifications and prerequisites for a manual microtube capper/decapper and clarified the operating methods, operating procedures, operation environment, device size, accompanying functions, etc. Based on the required specifications and preconditions, we proceeded with the mechanical and control design of the conceptual model, manufactured a prototype, and confirmed its basic functions and performance. The compliant to the required specifications and preconditions and the usefulness of the proposed manual microtube capper/decapper were validated through various experiments and demonstrations. Using the proposed microtube capper/decapper, even small-scale operations, which are challenging to streamline, can be performed nearly as efficiently as full manual operations. Although operation time was not reduced, the ability to open and close microtubes without manual contact is crucial for improving diagnostic and experimental accuracy and for reducing the burden on and enhancing the safety of laboratory personnel. Because microtubes are used in various clinical tests and biological experiments, we believe that the proposed system can markedly reduce the workload for personnel across numerous clinical and biological laboratories.

The role of moral disengagement in youth bullying behaviour.

Moral disengagement, a term coined by Bandura, explains how people can hurt others and behave immorally, contradicting their beliefs and values and yet live peaceably with themselves. He developed a conceptual model of moral disengagement based on the Social Cognitive Theory of moral agency. By activating moral disengagement mechanisms, people can disregard their moral standards and behave immorally without any self-censure. This paper synthesises the extensive research on moral disengagement in a youth bullying context to demonstrate the conceptual strength of moral disengagement theory for research and interventions on bullying. It advances the understanding of the contextual basis of moral disengagement by examining its diverse role in bullying episodes that includes bullying perpetration, bullying victimisation and bullying bystanders. The analysis of the different components of moral disengagement representing the loci of the disengagement mechanisms sheds light on how the disengagement processes function in the youth bullying context. Its role as both a moderator and mediator further advances its divergent functioning in the youth bullying context. Finally, implications of the review for advancing knowledge on the moral basis of youth bullying are discussed with suggestions for the development of interventions to attenuate the use of moral disengagement.

Mathematical model of oxygen minimum zones in the vertical distribution of oxygen in the ocean.

Processes determining the amount and spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen in the ocean have been a focus of intense research over the last two decades. Anomalies known as Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) have been attracting growing attention, in particular because their growth is believed to be a result of the global environmental change. Comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to and/or controlling the emergence and evolution of OMZs is still lacking though. OMZs are usually thought to result from an interplay between the oxygen transport through the water column from the ocean surface and variable oxygen solubility at different water temperature. In this paper, we suggest a different, novel mechanism of the OMZ formation relating it to the oxygen production in phytoplankton photosynthesis in a stratified ocean. We consider a simple, conceptual model of the coupled phytoplankton-oxygen dynamics and show that the model predictions are in qualitative agreement with some relevant field observations.

Revisiting the conceptualization of social sustainability from a health promotion perspective: a scoping review.

Both social sustainability and health promotion emphasize the development of local communities that satisfy human needs and enhance health and well-being. This scoping review aimed to identify frameworks, components, and operationalizations of social sustainability described in peer-reviewed articles and systematize the results from a health promotion perspective. Six databases were searched for relevant articles following the JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Articles were included if they provided a unique framework for social sustainability, that is, a conceptual model outlining the essential components of this concept. Information concerning the components of social sustainability and their operationalizations was analyzed through a six-step narrative synthesis. The final step involved categorizing the operationalizations of social sustainability into distinct levels by employing a socio-ecological model as an analytical tool. This review identified 22 articles presenting a social sustainability framework. The frameworks covered 11 components, of which social equity, safety, and neighborhood quality were the most frequent, while only five included health and well-being. The frameworks commonly provided practical interpretations of the concept with limited theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the identified operationalizations revealed a diverse understanding of social sustainability, encompassing all levels of the socio-ecological model applied. Health promotion research can offer theoretical and empirical insights that enhance the understanding of social sustainability, especially how societal, physical, and social determinants of health and well-being interact to create socially sustainable places. Likewise, the social sustainability literature may provide valuable knowledge underscoring the importance of contextual factors of health and well-being within the field of health promotion.

The role of upscale restaurants in destination image formation: a semiotic perspective on gastronomy tourism

PurposeHigh-end gastronomic tourism is currently trending and significantly impacts a destination’s image. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of high-level local gastronomy in forming the destination image from a semiotic perspective.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this objective, the three phases of the upscale dining experience – pre-visit, in situ and post-visit – are examined from a descriptive (informative use), appraisive (valuative use) and prescriptive (incitive use) semiotic perspective. This conceptual model includes six constructs: restaurant image, consumer need for status, consumer expectations, consumer satisfaction, restaurant loyalty and destination loyalty. The study is based on a survey of high-end restaurant customers (N = 421).FindingsThe research findings highlight that the characteristics of upscale dining establishments influence customer expectations, while customer satisfaction plays a crucial role in fostering loyalty towards both the restaurant and the destination. Additionally, the study reveals that individuals' social status or reputation moderates their expectations and satisfaction levels.Originality/valueAlthough studies relate gastronomic image to global destination image, this relationship from a semiotic perspective has not been demonstrated through surveys. This proposed three-phase model based on the Peircean semiotic triad and Morris semiotic trichotomies not only addresses a gap in the existing literature but also offers valuable insights for destination managers and restaurant owners.

The future image as a component of political subjective space: testing the conceptual model

The image of the future of youth is described in this paper and its relationship with the subjective space of politics is identified. The article provides a brief analysis of research on the image of the future within the framework of social and political sciences, describes the main theoretical approaches to analyzing the future image of youth. The authors give their own conceptual definition of the future image as a component of the political subjective space, a set of symbolic, ideological and cultural meanings that determine the orientation and behavior of various political actors. The authors as a methodology use focus group interviews, online questionnaires of youth representatives in order to verify the conceptual model of the study. The dynamic nature of the future image as a part of political subjective space is determined by a system of institutions, agents and factors of socialization. Five key components have been identified in the structure of the future image: content, value, emotions, activity and technology. Four projection levels of the future image are defined: personal, group, projection at the level of the macro community and global. The study indicates the predominance of personal projection in the respondents' ideas about the future. Despite the presence of worries and fears for their personal future, young people are generally confident in their own future and believe that the Russian state will continue to play an important role as a world power. An important characteristic of the future image is the subjectivity of its bearer, the degree of activity or proactivity and the willingness to take responsibility for their own future and the future of their families, local community, region, country, and the world. Locus control, that is, a subjective assessment of the factors (personal efforts or external circumstances) on which the future depends, according to the study, is associated with the degree of confidence in the future, the formation of a positive future image. The predominance of civic identity in the hierarchy of identities is also revealed. Young people feel responsible for the future of their country. At the moment, Russian civic identity has a positive impact on the future image of young people. It is significant that among students studying in the Luhansk People's Republic, the level of concern about the future is higher, the level of civil identity is lower, which indicates that the task of forming civil identity should be prioritized in the new regions of the Russian Federation.

The 3D Crustal Structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, Using Variation of Information Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data

AbstractDirect geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges, or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps toward interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) based on joint inversion of airborne gravity and magnetic data. The applied “variation of information” technique enforces a coupling between inferred susceptibility and density, relating these quantities to the same gravity and magnetic sources to give an enhanced inversion result. Our model reveals a large body located in the interior of the WSB interpreted as a batholithic intrusive structure, as well as a linear dense body at the margin of the Terre Adélie Craton. Density and susceptibility relationships are used to inform the interpretation of petrophysical properties and the reconstruction of the origin of those crustal bodies. The petrophysical relationship indicates that the postulated batholitic intrusion is granitic, but independent from the Granite Harbor Igneous Complex described previously in the TAM area. Emplacement of a large volume of intrusive granites can potentially elevate local geothermal heat flow significantly. Finally, we present a new conceptual tectonic model based on the inversion results, which includes development of a passive continental margin with seaward dipping basalt horizons and magmatic underplating followed by two distinct intrusive events associated with the protracted Ross Orogen.

Exploring the power of data-driven models for groundwater system conceptualization: a case study of the Grazer Feld Aquifer, Austria

AbstractDeveloping a reliable conceptual model is crucial for analyzing groundwater systems. An essential part of the aquifer conceptualization is the identification of the hydrological stresses that control the hydraulic head fluctuations. By effectively capturing and understanding these stresses, the propagation of potential errors and uncertainties through subsequent modeling steps can be minimized. This study aims to test data-driven models as screening models for conceptualizing a groundwater system. The case study is applied to the Grazer Feld Aquifer in southeast Austria. Time series models are applied to: (1) identify the stresses likely influencing the observed head fluctuations and their spatial variability; (2) identify locations where a lack of understanding of head fluctuations exists; and (3) discuss the limitations and opportunities associated with data-driven models to support system conceptualization. Time series models were created for 144 monitoring wells where sufficient head observations were available during the calibration period (2005–2015). A total of 576 models were developed, incorporating the combinations of stresses: recharge, river level, and a step trend. Following the model selection process, each model was categorized based on its performance and divided into four groups. At 88 sites, recharge and river level variations were identified as the primary controlling stresses influencing head fluctuations. The inclusion of the step trend was found to be necessary at five sites to accurately simulate heads due to dam construction. The application of data-driven models in this study enhanced the identification of key aquifer stresses, facilitating a more informed understanding of the groundwater system.

Barriers to Help-Seeking in a Spanish Sample of Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Objective This study tests a conceptual model exploring the mediating effects of perceived severity and assessed risk in the relationship between dependency and help-seeking behaviors in psychological, physical, and sexual violence. Method The sample consisted of 266 survivors of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) (M age = 27.88 years; SD = 9.49), of which 23.7% reported having suffered physical violence from their partner or former partner, 83.8% psychological violence, and 54.1% sexual violence. Results Higher dependency scores were associated with lower perceived severity of violence, lower assessed levels of risk, and thus elevated difficulty in engaging in help seeking in all types of violence. Conclusions Educating on equality and raising awareness of the seriousness and risk of IPVAW will be critical in facilitating help-seeking responses.

Tapping generative AI capabilities: a study to examine continued intention to use ChatGPT in the travel planning

ABSTRACT Generative AI has lately been established as a very effective tool impacting consumer decision-making. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the variables affecting the flow of controversial AI in travel and tourism. Despite the increasing interest in ChatGPT, little research has examined what factors influence the uptake of this novel AI tool and its implications in the travel planning industry. This work builds its conceptual model on UTAUT2 and PCI Theory and tests the antecedents of Flow which impacts continuance intention to use ChatGPT in travel planning. An online survey was administered among 408 individuals in India. Of the factors of UTAUT2 and PCI, social influence, compatibility, and image do not impact the flow state significantly. Additionally, the study establishes the relationship between Flow and the continued intention to use ChatGPT for travel planning with “external influence” as a moderator.

Documenting the ephemeral: An ontology for the performing arts

The performing arts domain, addressing the ephemeral nature of its main study subject, the performance, calls upon Digital Humanities’ techniques to document, record and analyse the performative event, thus offering a new perspective to research and education. In this context, many digital projects have been completed, including digitising art archives, creating databases of art productions and developing metadata schemas and conceptual models. The study of these efforts revealed a need for a universal and comprehensive way of documenting performance. This article, which benefitted from the experience gained thus far in the performing arts in the digital world, attempts to unify the domain’s acquired knowledge and organise it in an ontology. While the overall success of such a project proved to be greater than the scope of this research, we propose a core ontology for the performing arts, which has the potential to evolve in the future.

Design, Simulation and Functional Testing of a Novel Ankle Exoskeleton with 3DOFs

This paper presents a study on developing a new exoskeleton for ankle joint rehabilitation with three degrees of freedom (3 DOFs). The primary attention is paid to the process of designing and modelling the device aimed at restoring the lost functions of joint mobility. The authors conducted a complex analysis of the functional requirements of the exoskeleton based on research into the potential user’s needs, which allowed for the development of a conceptual model of the proposed device. In this study, a prototype of the exoskeleton is designed using modern additive technologies. The prototype underwent virtual testing in conditions maximally close to reality, which confirmed its effectiveness and comfort of use. The main results of this study indicate the promising potential of the proposed solution for application in rehabilitation practices, especially for patients with ankle joint injuries and diseases.

Wellness tourism destination loyalty formation: the role of mental health and eudaimonic well-being

PurposeWellness tourism is growing in importance as increasing numbers of travelers place a priority on their health and well-being by traveling. This study examined the relationships between wellness tourism destination attributes, perceived quality, perceived mental health, eudaimonic well-being, overall satisfaction and behavioral loyalty to corroborate a model explaining wellness tourism destination loyalty in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model of this study was examined using a survey research design. The survey questionnaire was distributed to Chinese tourists who had previously traveled to Thailand and engaged in wellness tourism activities during their trip.FindingsThe findings revealed that healthful food choices, core facilities and staff service significantly influenced perceived quality. This perceived quality was a crucial factor in determining perceived mental health, which in turn impacted eudaimonic well-being. Overall satisfaction was directly influenced by perceived quality, perceived mental health and eudaimonic well-being. Additionally, perceived quality had a direct effect on behavioral loyalty.Practical implicationsWith the growing global interest in wellness and travel, this study offers valuable insights for tourism marketers in Thailand to enhance their wellness tourism strategies. Tourism organizations should emphasize the quality of food, facilities and staff service to attract wellness-oriented travelers.Originality/valueThis study highlights the interconnectedness of perceived quality, good mental health and eudaimonic well-being. High-quality experiences contribute to improved mental health and in turn enhance eudaimonic well-being.

Bridging the Gap: Experiential Learning's Role in Transitioning from Hybrid to Full-Time Entrepreneurship

The transition from hybrid entrepreneurship- where individuals maintain part-time employment while nurturing their business ventures-to full-time entrepreneurship presents unique challenges and opportunities. This conceptual paper examines the critical factors that influence the possibility of making the transition from hybrid to full-time entrepreneurship. To develop a more sophisticated knowledge of the dynamic entrepreneurial journey, it is imperative to assess the experience learning that occurs throughout the hybrid phase. To present a conceptual model and related claims, this conceptual paper used secondary data analysis of previously published academic literature, specifically utilizing a thematic analysis. Three elements are identified in the proposed conceptual model as being likely to affect the decision to transition: fear of failure, entrepreneurial competency development and self-efficacy. In this study, hybrid entrepreneurship is demonstrated to be a useful training ground and a route for full-time entrepreneurship. There are three main sources of value in the paper. First, applying an established theory to a novel setting in order to provide a transdisciplinary approach. Secondly, a conceptual model is established, providing statements that are easily connected to theories for further empirical analysis. Third, raising the profile of hybrid entrepreneurship in the literature to promote support and involvement from the public policy sphere.

Will I Be the Same? Enhancing Academic Tourism Through Transformative Tourism Experiences

The growing relevance of transformative tourism experiences calls for further empirical research across different contexts. This study tests a comprehensive conceptual model within international academic tourism, incorporating co-creation theory and experience economy framework. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey ( N = 704) and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results substantiate the proposed conceptual model, revealing a positive influence of activating factors on perceived transformation outcomes. Additionally, transformative tourism experiences confirm a significant impact on place attachment and positive memories, influencing behavioral intentions. Notably, perceived safety influences solely behavioral change, as opposed to personal change, meriting further investigation into this differential effect on transformative tourism experience outcomes. This study enhances understanding of the interrelationships among academic transformative tourism experiences components, namely by exploring the intended achievements’ role. It also elucidates transformative tourism experiences’ impacts on students’ destination perceptions and attitudes. Findings highlight the need for educational and tourism stakeholders to promote stimulating environments and impactful programs that actively engage students, fostering memorable life-changing experiences, place attachment, and loyalty.