Conceptual Justification Research Articles

Правовые аспекты современной кибербезопасности и противодействия киберпреступности

The article analyses contemporary legal aspects and current cybersecurity issues, cybercrime features of Rus- sian and foreign law of information and communication technologies. The research methods consist of comparative legal analysis of contemporary Russian and foreign legislation and law enforcement practice, as well as, a formal and logical study of a conceptual apparatus, content and struc- ture of the research object. The study results enable the authors to formulate the awareness of cybercrime legal content, that includes not only offenses committed by using computer technology, but other information and communication equipment and tools, including software either. The rapid spread of cybercrime, the emergence of new forms of organized crime using the global Internet, intended and well-organized cyber attacks on a critical infrastructure of states and private companies indicate the formation of a special area of crime - cybersecurity crime and information technol- ogy, which goes beyond a common insight of crime of information technology and communications. Therefore, the authors came to certain conclusions to conceptualize theoretical and methodological principles, develop the foundations of law and order of cybersecurity, clarify the conceptual apparatus and specifics of legal regulation of cybersecurity in public and private law, as well as the formation of a new line of criminology of cybercrime. The scientific novelty of the study consists of a conceptual justification of a cybercrime countering, as an ele- ment of national cybersecurity, as well as, the substantiation of a specific line of criminology - cybercriminology.

Fact-Finding Without Rules: Habermas's Communicative Rationality as a Framework for Judicial Assessments of Digital Open-Source Information

Jürgen Habermas’s theory of “communicative rationality” (also known as “communicative action”) provides a promising conceptual apparatus through which to justify and validate the International Criminal Court’s consideration of the emerging phenomenon of digital open-source information. Because of its process-based and inclusive qualities, Habermas’s communicative rationality is particularly apposite for the dynamic nature of digital open-source information and the heterogenous range of actors and institutions which have relevant experiences and skills to contribute to the generation of norms and determinations regarding its role before the Court. This is important, as the International Criminal Court’s procedural framework is largely silent on digital material, despite the risks of such materials being misinterpreted or misused as a vehicle for disinformation. In the absence of prescriptive regulatory responses, this article argues that Jürgen Habermas’s communicative rationality provides a justifiable framework for the court’s judicial deliberations regarding digital information. Importantly, Habermas emphasizes forming a broad epistemic community to draw specialists into the deliberative process. As the truth-seeking evidentiary function increasingly moves outside of the courtroom, Habermas’s communicative rationality constitutes an inclusive approach capable of inculcating specialized knowledge into judicial deliberations. In this way, communicative rationality can provide a powerful conceptual justification for the judicial exercise of power regarding the emerging phenomenon of digital open-source information.

МІЖНАРОДНА ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ТА ЦІЛІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ: ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ АКЦЕНТІВ

The purpose of the article is to determine the main emphasis of the relationship between the plane of international economic security and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The research methodology includes a descriptive analysis of the provisions of the main international documents relevant, firstly, to the topic of international economic security and, secondly, to the concept of sustainable development; as well as elements of comparative analysis – while searching for the safe content of the SDGs 2030. The study results were obtained regarding the expediency of activating security issues, primarily within the framework of the implementation of the following Sustainable Development Goals 2030: Goal 1 “No poverty”, Goal 2 “Zero hunger”, Goal 8 “Decent work and economic growth”, Goal 10 “Reduction of inequality”, Goal 16 “Peace, justice and strong institutions”. The determined emphasis of strengthening the sustainability of international economic security will serve as guidelines for the priority direction of resources in the conditions of the war and the crises and disasters caused by it. The implementation of the processes aimed at the implementation of the SDGs directly depends on the general state of the economy in the country and the world, and, accordingly, on the situation with national and international economic security. In the conditions of the Russian war against Ukraine, economic security issues are considered as part of the national security system and in the context of interrelationships with environmental and other types of security, which are consistent with the SDGs. The scientific novelty is as follows: in the study of further development, a conceptual approach has been adopted regarding the establishment of accents in the plane of intersection of the directions of international economic security and the SDGs, which, unlike others, take into account the content of the elements of the system of international economic security, as well as its impact on the system of national economic security. The practical significance is that the obtained research results can be used in the conceptual justification of investment projects aimed at supporting the implementation of the SDGs related to security issues.

Innovative approach to assessing the political and economic stability of Russian statehood (on the example of the reign of Alexander I)

The purpose of the article. The research conducted by the author of the article is aimed at identifying the main aspects and factors of the stability of the Russian state during the reign of Alexander I. The subject of the study was the political and economic features and the foundations of the stability of the Russian statehood in the period from 1801 to 1825. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of such general scientific and private scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, classification and generalization, discourse analysis, comparative historical analysis, economic and statistical methods, as well as a secondary analysis of previously conducted research on the stated problems. Results. The author of the study highlights the main crisis stages in the development of the stability of Russian statehood and describes (defines) the ways and decisions taken to overcome the crisis and post-crisis recovery. Application. The results obtained in the course of the study will contribute to the development of a conceptual justification for the transition to a new stage of economic and social development of the country, and can also be used for further research on the sustainability of Russian statehood.

«New Ukrainian sculpture» and the direction of contemporary Ukrainian art

Galina Sklyarenko’s monograph “New Ukrainian Sculpture” (Kyiv: Abramovych.Art; ArtHuss, 2021. 304 p.: il.), characterized in the article, presents the modern consumer of artistic forms of plastic with a conceptual justification, the effectiveness of the conceptual ideas laid down in the basis of the publication, their relevance for current visual practice and scientific importance for elucidating ways of further movement of forms of Modern Ukrainian Sculpture. The article examines the nature and degree of applicability of the concept of “full-value” in relation to the art analysis of modern sculpture, and also highlights two lines of visualization of concepts in the works of artists represented in the book by H. Sklyarenko: Narrative and Provocative. It is shown that the creative style of N. Bilyk, Dm. Grek, P. Gronsky, V. Protosenya, D. Shumikhin can be attributed to the first line; to the second line — the creative manner of Ye. Zigura, O. Zolotaryov and I. Novgorodov. It is claimed that the effectiveness of the conceptual idea, which is the basis of the publication, its relevance and scientific importance for clarifying the ways of the further movement of the forms of Modern Ukrainian Sculpture, correlates with the conceptual ideas of individual authors whose work is represented by this publication. The merits of the publication, its necessity, the urgency to advance into the public consciousness the phenomena related to the understanding of the narratives of the modern era and their visualization in the voluminous material of the sculpture, cannot be doubted, and the interest in the book that has manifested itself since its release, even in difficult conditions wartime, testifies to its great cultural and scientific importance.

О связности, ее свернутости и развернутости

This paper is a full version of the author’s talk at “Procedural Logic and Philosophy of Consciousness”, a discussion dedicated to A.V. Smirnov’s book “The Logic of Mean­ing as a Philosophy of Consciousness: An Invitation to Reflection” (2021). The proposed content can be viewed as a co-reflection on the key concepts of the logical-semantic con­cept of consciousness: coherence, integrity, constriction, extension as the foundations and methods of conceptualization in their existential perspective. It is stressed that the logi­cal-semantic approach of A.V. Smirnov reveals new facets in the understanding of philo­sophical rationality, personal and cultural subjectivity, experience, consciousness and their formation. To demonstrate the general philosophical, methodological status of the system of concepts introduced by the author, analogies are drawn with the understanding of exis­tential experience as a constriction of meaning-forming experiences that are unfolded by the subject in communication, creativity, self-understanding. The concepts that have re­ceived a conceptual justification in the works of A.V. Smirnov bring the origins of experi­ence to another level of comprehension, in accordance with which the spectrum of under­standing of human reflexive capabilities also changes. If we “start with integrity”, as the author advises us, then the idea of recursiveness of experience as a pulsating process of comprehension and self-reflection in the process of human interaction with the world or his “flickering” being-in-the-world is strengthened and acquires new angles. Of partic­ular importance here is the very style of author’s reflection, which is associated with the revision of established philosophical categories and their interpretations, the departure from the usual interpretations to discover one’s own philosophical language: one’s own – both in terms of the individual author’s approach and in aspects of the formation of the modern domestic philosophical tradition.

Eastern Patristics on Duality Eastern patristics on duality of the human being and deification of the mankind

Religious and anthropological issues of the Eastern Patristics legacy are under consideration in the article. The conceptual justification of the human being by Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers is submitted, paying attention to antinomianism in understanding the Man essence. The human duality is analyzed in tight with the diversity of historical theologian approaches to clarifying the New Testament thesis on the creation of Man in the image and likeness of God. In this context, a doctrine of Irenaeus, a Church Father of the ante-Nicene period of Christianity, some ideas of a non-canonical Early Christian manuscript, The Shepherd by Hermes of Philippopolis, and teaching on Man by Gregory of Nyssa as one of the profound representatives of the Patristics’ classical period are presented. The author examines a notion of deification with specific stress on its religious and philosophical meanings. Deification is studied both as the theoretical foundation for the Eastern Christian anthropological tradition forming over the Middle Ages and as the religious gnosis, purifying, perfecting, and transfiguring of a human being on their God knowing ascending path. Deification is deduced as a peculiar style of life that aims at the eschatological and soteriological prospects of human existence, which are correlated with the highest religious morality and eternal desire to reach the cherished spiritual state of God and Man union. In this regard, the doctrine of a follower of allegorical theology, Maximus the Confessor on the Logoi, or God’s energies, is very significant as well as his interpretation of the notion of deification. According to St. Maximus, the comprehension of Logoi by the human being supports the unification of the mundane world with the Creator (the omnipotent Logos). It means the deification of the entire humanity. The article is based on the texts of Church Fathers, which are the sacred primary sources of Christianity.

Современные цивилизационные исследования России: наблюдения и интуиции

In connection with the preparation by the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences of a collective monograph on the results of the implementation of the megath­eme “Russian project of civilizational development: philosophical foundations”, the book review analyzes the experience of preparing monographs of recent years devoted to the civ­ilizational interpretation of Russia. As follows from the review of monographs, there are stable interdisciplinary research teams that continue to comprehend the civilizational identity of Russia in the subjects of various disciplines (philosophy, sociology, political science, cultural studies). The problems of the architectonics of civilizational development, the correlation of So­viet civilization and the Eurasian project, the prehistory of Russia as a geo-civilization, its position in the modern world order, the identification of Russia as a northern civilization are discussed. The concept of local civilizations is mainly used as the most convenient methodological tool. Sociologists are testing the methodology of civilizational analysis (J. Arnason, S. Eisenstadt). The civilizational identity of Russia is recorded ambiguously. The frontal comprehension of the civilizational nature of Russia has not led to significant results. Peer-reviewed scientific monographs are recommended to the widest range of readers and are mainly made in an informational and educational style. The degree of scientific elaboration of the problems under consideration and the analysis of available solutions to them are rarely recorded. Ideas are formulated intuitively, without sufficient conceptual justification. Therefore, the authors’ proposals on the civilizational develop­ment of Russia look naively utopian The discussions of civilizationists (in particular, bul­garists and tatarists in the Republic of Tatarstan) remain insignificant for the population. These are manifestations of the postsoviet regression of scientific and methodological culture in social and humanitarian studies. According to the author the review shows that the fruitful directions of civilizational re­search are the assimilation of French civilizationism of the XIX century, the clarification of the disciplinary status of the concept of civilization and the civilizational approach, the identification of fundamental values specific to local civilizations.

Цифровой объект преступления

The study aims to analyze the transitional provisions of the digital era and their adaptation to the existing criminal law realities, to determine the signs of a digital object of crime and the main question of whether such digital objects are protected by the criminal law of the country. The transition of economic relations to electronic services and social networks was the reason for the transformation of crime from real to virtual and led to the emergence of the term “digital crimes” in the science of criminal law, which requires a conceptual justification of the concept of a digital object of crime, to which the author, in a highly specialized sense, refers social relations that develop upon the turnover of digital financial assets, virtual assets and cryptocurrencies. After digital technologies have turned into general-purpose technologies affecting all sectors of the economy and society, the usual criminal-legal approach to determining the object of encroachment has become unnecessarily blunt, since the criminal law contains a sufficiently large number of elements of crimes referring to various kinds of normative legal acts regulating virtual legal relations. At the same time, such legislation is vague and does not solve law enforcement issues. During the preparation of the article, formal-logical methods were mainly used for the analysis of socio-legal phenomena. The author draws attention to the fact that social realities require the defining of the boundaries of secure communication in the digital and information spheres, the subject and mechanisms of its legal support and protection. At the same time, the definition of the digital object of crime is justified in the context of classical theories of the object of crime, innovative trends, and actualization of the doctrine of criminal law. Based on the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that the axiology of the digital object of crime caused by public attitude to it obliges the state to consolidate it as a social value and put it among those protected by criminal law, including them in the list of objects of civil rights. The digital object of crime is socially significant values and benefits of subjects of virtual property relations that develop in the sphere of turnover of digital financial assets, virtual currency and cryptocurrencies, subject to criminal protection, which the guilty person encroaches on, wishing to cause damage to their owner. The concept of the digital object of crime proposed by the author in this regard is a timely and relevant solution to a number of problems of the qualification of digital crimes.

Assessing the motivational climates in early physical education curricula underpinned by motor learning theory: SAMPLE-PE

ABSTRACT Background: Traditionally, Physical Education (PE) has adopted a multi-skills approach, where children generally engage in decontextualised practice of sport techniques to develop specific movement skills and facilitate sports participation. This approach has been critiqued for having a weak conceptual and philosophical justification, and a lack of empirical proof of its educational value. The SAMPLE-PE research project set out to challenge this by creating two PE curricula distinguished by contrasting theories of motor learning: information processing theory and ecological dynamics. While both approaches have shown promise in enhancing children’s movement skills, to date, there has been little consideration of their impact on the motivational climate of primary PE lessons. This study explored to what extent traditional PE, ecological dynamics, and information processing theory-based approaches create empowering and disempowering motivational climates when viewed through a self-determination and achievement goal theory lens. Method: Forty-four PE lessons were video recorded and coded by two trained researchers using the Multidimensional Motivational Climate Observation System. ANOVA, MANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were run to explore differences in data on motivational climate under the three different pedagogical approaches. Results: The group taught with concepts from ecological dynamics (referred to as Ecological) displayed a significantly lower disempowering motivational climate in comparison to the group taught with a basis in information processing theory (referred to as IPT) and the traditional PE groups. The ecological group revealed significantly more autonomy support than the traditional PE and the IPT group. The IPT group methods provided significantly more structure than traditional PE and the ecological group. Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown how the approach taken in delivering PE in primary schools may differentially affect motivational climates. Results imply that underpinning PE with theories of motor learning provides differing, viable and beneficial alternatives to create positive learning environments, compared to traditional PE practices.

Геометрическое моделирование оригами в средовом подходе к самоорганизации в периоде детства

Origami is a means of geometric modeling and self-organization formation in young children. As a part of preschool education, it serves as propaedeutics of basic geometry. One of the tasks of modern education is to improve the social status of mathematics because of its ability to encourage self-development in children. The research was based on the synergetic paradigm which defines a young child as an open nonlinear system capable of self-development. The article gives a theoretical and conceptual justification of origami as a means of self-organization development through the nonlinear educational environment that introduces preschoolers to mathematical culture. Origami proved to be able to enrich preschool education as this activity concentrates the educational resources of the structure-forming environment.

Amazon’s Ring: Surveillance as a Slippery Slope Service

ABSTRACT In the STS tradition of the modest scholar-activist, we document activist criticism and provide further conceptual justification for the view that attempts to govern Amazon’s Ring video doorbells are most likely doomed to fail.

The physics and the philosophy of time reversal in standard quantum mechanics

A widespread view in physics holds that the implementation of time reversal in standard quantum mechanics must be given by an anti-unitary operator. In foundations and philosophy of physics, however, there has been some discussion about the conceptual grounds of this orthodoxy, largely relying on either its obviousness or its mathematical-physical virtues. My aim in this paper is to substantively change the traditional structure of the debate by highlighting the philosophical commitments underlying the orthodoxy. I argue that the persuasive force of the orthodoxy can benefit from a relational metaphysics of time and a by-stipulation view on symmetries. Within such philosophical background, I submit, the orthodoxy of time reversal in standard quantum mechanics could find a fertile terrain to lay the groundwork for a more thorough conceptual justification.

REVIEW ON AYURVEDA CONCEPTS ON THE REGIMEN OF FOOD AND DRINK CONSUMPTION

This is a review conducted with the objectives of evolving the concepts of the regimens of the food consumption according to the Ayurveda. In comparison to the past decades, non communicable diseases are a burden to the present society. Non-healthy patterns and practices of the food consumption are proven as a major determinant factor to increase the non-communicable diseases. This has been proven by various studies. Hence, it is important to identify the healthy pattern and practices of food consumption. This review is based on the textual references in relation to Ayurveda medicine and journal articles. Ayurveda medicine which provided wide range of spectrum in food consumption, fulfilled with wholesome and non wholesome way of arrangement in the kitchen, qualities of the person who prepares the meals, methods of preparing meals, methods of offering the meal, way of selecting the meal, determining the quantity of food that is liable to be consumed, proper time for consuming food, things that should and should not be done before and after consuming meals, codes and ethics during the food consumption with conceptual justification based on the Ayurveda medicine. Some of these facts are proven by the modern science also. This knowledge can be utilized as a solution for the prevailing health burden in non-communicable diseases with a more advanced and scientific way.

ЖИЗНЬ МАРТИНА РОБИНСОНА ДЕЛАНИ И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЕГО ИДЕЙНО–ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ВЗГЛЯДОВ

This article examines the evolution of the ideological and political views of Martin Robinson Delany, who is credited with the first conceptual justification of the doctrine of "black nationalism" in the United States. The author analyzes the main milestones of the biography of this figure, his rich literary heritage, focusing on the consideration of the internal dialectics of Delany's political philosophy, the variability and inconsistency of his views at various stages of life. Special attention is paid to Delany's attitude to the ideology of pan-Africanism and black nationalism, as well as his controversy with Frederick Douglass. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it is the first attempt in Russian academic science to present the biography and analysis of the ideological and theoretical heritage of an outstanding African-American public figure, an assessment of his contribution to the struggle for the rights of the black population in the United States. The source base is the work of Delany himself and his biographies, none of which has been translated into Russian. A number of sources are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The historical-genetic and historical-typological methods are used as specific historical methods in this work.

Educational technologies for state social support of the elderly: conceptual justification

The problems of using educational technologies in the implementation of state policy to improve the quality of life of older people are discussed in the article. The organization of the complex is substantiated, including the processes of teaching the older people and specialists. The priority of the educational component in the structure of systemic support for the provision of integrated medical, social and psychological assistance to the older population is shown. The structure of the unified system of educational support is proposed, an important component of which is the spiritual and psychological support of the elderly.The general principles of the formation of the education system for citizens of the older generation are formulated, taking into account the special conditions of modern Russia – ensuring the quality of educational programs, the establishment of educational centers, the implementation of methodological guidance, etc. The substantiation is given for the organizational and technological support of the system of integrated support for the elderly on the basis of establishment of new federal structures and identifying the regulatory framework for the implementation of the proposed system.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ СТРАТЕГІЇ БІОЕКОНОМІКИ

The article provides a conceptual justification of the bioeconomy strategy. It is determined that the problem of limited fossil resources and the provision of food, medicines, environmental pollution encourages the search for alternatives to traditional production. It has been established that the bioeconomy is an element of poverty reduction and the transition to global sustainable development. Modern bioeconomy - the production of materials, food and feed, fuel and much more from biological resources. The bioeconomy can offer resource-efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable systems for the production of food, feed, fuel and agro-industrial products with added value and, consequently, a healthier and more prosperous future. The concept of bioeconomy requires: active interaction with stakeholders throughout the bioenergy production process; transparent exchange of information on social, economic and environmental costs and benefits; constant monitoring; joint work to identify and implement best practices. It is noted that the mechanism of bioeconomy management is aimed at clearly identifying alternative ways to achieve the development of the bioeconomy, and the definition of political, institutional principles and bioeconomic strategies. The ways of transformation related to the bioeconomy are formed. The main political priorities of the bioeconomy strategy of the European Union are investigated. The general issues of the Concept of the State Strategy for the Development of the Bioeconomy of Ukraine until 2030, coordinated by the Council for the Development of the Bioeconomy, are considered. Its main task is to create a more innovative, resource-efficient and competitive economy that reconciles food security with the sustainable use of renewable energy sources and resources for industrial purposes. Bioeconomics is considered in the following aspects: 1. Biotechnology - more technologically focused on economic growth and job creation through the use of biotechnology and commercialization of research and technology. 2. Bioresource - focused on achieving economic growth and sustainability through the transformation and improvement of biological resources for use by society. 3. Bioecology - sustainability and promotion of the bioeconomy primarily to protect ecosystems and prevent degradation. This aspect is least noticeable in existing bioeconomy strategies, but there has been some growth.

The Case for Universal Basic Services

This paper shifts the focus from transfers to public services. It mounts a case for Universal Basic Services (UBS): a proposal to safeguard and develop existing public services and to extend this model of provision into new areas. The first part argues that public services require a distinct conceptual justification and sets this out in terms of shared human needs and a foundational economy. The second part develops the normative arguments for UBS, in terms of efficiency, equality, solidarity and sustainability. The third part considers some of the issues to be faced in delivering UBS and the role of state institutions, with brief illustrations of adult social care and bus transport service provisions. The final section summarises some developments, including experience of Covid-19, which might enhance the political impetus for UBS.

Istoricheskie predposylki vnedreniya telemedicinskih tekhnologij v sferu zdravo­ ohraneniya v Rossii

The article analyzes the historical background of the formation of legal regulation of the use of telemedicine technologies in Russia. It is concluded that changes in the legal framework are preceded by a conceptual justification of the introduction of telemedicine technologies in strategic planning documents. The transition of states to the sixth technological order marks the widespread introduction of innovative technologies in various spheres of life, including healthcare, where the use of information and telecommunications technologies helps to reduce economic costs and ensure the availability and effectiveness of medical care provided remotely.

TRAINING, RE-TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION TRAINING OF RESCUERS OF UKRAINE

The article reveals the content of the concepts of professional training, professional training of ordinary and senior staff. It is noted that the professional training of ordinary and managerial staff involves obtaining professional (vocational) higher, pre-higher, postgraduate education. Professional training of newly appointed members of the rank and file and junior management may be carried out by obtaining professional (vocational) education in the relevant profession. Persons admitted to the civil defense service are sent to study in educational programs of professional (vocational) education after appointment.Training of specialists with professional higher education is carried out in institutions of professional higher education of civil defense according to accredited educational and professional programs developed on the basis of standards of professional pre-higher education.Professional training of ordinary and senior staff can be carried out by obtaining an educational degree at a certain level of higher education and the relevant specialty. Training of specialized specialists with higher education is carried out in institutions of higher education of civil defense, which provide training for accredited educational and professional (educational and scientific) programs developed on the basis of higher education standards.Postgraduate education includes obtaining a second (next) higher education, advanced training, specialization, retraining and internship.Taking into account the analysis of guiding documents and scientific literature, we found the need for conceptual justification and development of a system of professional training of rescuers, their preparation for successful activities during the service, firefighting, emergency response and their consequences.