Concept Dictionary Research Articles

Generating diverse chinese poetry from images via unsupervised method

Automatic poetry generation represents a typical exhibition of artificial intelligence creativity, and the cross-modal generation methods reveal a promising direction for improvement. Although previous methods have made some progress, they still suffer from the following challenges: (1) lack of annotated multimodal Chinese poetry datasets; (2) insufficient diversity of generated poetry; (3) inadequate semantic consistency between images and poems. In this paper, we propose a novel Unsupervised Image to Poetry Model (UI2P) with a newly designed generative adversarial network to address the above issues. Specifically, the unsupervised learning framework eliminates the dependence on annotated multimodal poetry datasets. We present a contrastive learning approach to optimize the diversity of generated poems. Furthermore, a consistency strategy is developed, including constructing a modern-classical concept dictionary to ensure semantic coherence between poems and images. Extensive experiments are conducted on the CCPC dataset, and the results with both automatic and manual evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our model compared with several state-of-the-art baselines.

Toward love and sex narrative generation using a noun conceptual dictionary

At “The International Congress on Love & Sex with Robots,” love and sex issues related to robots have been discussed. This discussion of robots has applications in nursing care and other. Love and sex are also important themes for narratives. We develop a system to generate stories, and consider a robot that tells stories as one of the applications of story generation. The purpose is to present a prototyping system that generates a new narrative expression based on the theme of “love and sex” by exchanging the concept of character in the input narrative expression with a new concept using our noun concept dictionary. We call the method of collecting nouns based on a certain theme and embedding them in a story to give the story a certain atmosphere “colouring.” This paper is to develop a prototype of a system that uses “colouring” to give a certain atmosphere to a story. We create a prototype and study the issues of the system. In the future, this prototype will serve as a stepping stone to a system that generates narratives based on specific themes. Eventually, we will study the use of robotic interactive psychotherapy, in which the robot converses with humans.

Improving sentiment analysis with learning concepts from concept, patterns lexicons and negations

The way of expressing sentiment (−ve/+ve) in the form of textual information depends on the way of thinking of human beings. Identifying aspect extraction and sentiment polarity from written texts is a crucial task. Mainly, a multi-level learning approach for aspect extraction from statistical methods, pattern-based methods, and rule-based methods. This work proposes the application of two probabilistic graphical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) algorithms to generate latent topic terms as possible aspects. Then frequency-based and Concept lexicons are used to retrieve unigram to multi-word phrases with associated opinion words. Polarity shift is a significant issue that reverses the polarity of the aspects that affect the sentiment classification of the system. Therefore, to improve the performance of the machine learning classification algorithm in ABSA a hybrid approach comprising rule-based methods and a graph-theoretic model is applied to deal with the explicit and implicit polarity shift. The performance of the proposed method is measured using Naive Bayes, a machine learning classification algorithm on two datasets, SemEval 2014 Restaurant and SemEval 2014 Laptop dataset. Experimental result shows that the method for aspect extraction outperforms baseline methods by 86.32% and 82.64% for Restaurant, Laptop dataset, respectively. Similarly, for aspect-based sentiment classification, the accuracy and F1 measure on Restaurant domain 84.73%, 81.28% and 82.06% and 80.71% on the laptop domain.

Systematizing the lexicon of platforms in information systems: a data-driven study

While the Information Systems (IS) discipline has researched digital platforms extensively, the body of knowledge appertaining to platforms still appears fragmented and lacking conceptual consistency. Based on automated text mining and unsupervised machine learning, we collect, analyze, and interpret the IS discipline’s comprehensive research on platforms—comprising 11,049 papers spanning 44 years of research activity. From a cluster analysis concerning platform concepts’ semantically most similar words, we identify six research streams on platforms, each with their own platform terms. Based on interpreting the identified concepts vis-à-vis the extant research and considering a temporal perspective on the concepts’ application, we present a lexicon of platform concepts, to guide further research on platforms in the IS discipline. Researchers and managers can build on our results to position their work appropriately, applying a specific theoretical perspective on platforms in isolation or combining multiple perspectives to study platform phenomena at a more abstract level.

Story Units of the Types of Japanese Folktales and the Combination with a Noun Conceptual Dictionary

Story Units of the Types of Japanese Folktales and the Combination with a Noun Conceptual Dictionary

Adjective and Adjective Verb Conceptual Dictionaries in an Integrated Narrative Generation System

Adjective and Adjective Verb Conceptual Dictionaries in an Integrated Narrative Generation System

Концепт «культурный код»: уровни значения

The article presents a philosophical conceptual analysis of the concept “cultural code” in the works of Y. M. Lotman and other researchers. The aim of the article is to identify the levels of meaning of the concept “cultural code” and their consistent description. The authors substantiate the use of the conceptual analysis developed by Yu. S. Stepanov (description of etymology and structure of the concept) and L. G. Babenko (structuring of the concept by revealing nuclear, intermediate and peripheral meanings) as a research methodology. Authors show that the nuclear meaning of a concept coincides with the universal-philosophical meaning of the same name concept, therefore techniques of the conceptual analysis can be used both by scientists-philologists at drawing up dictionaries of concepts, and at the analysis of the phenomena of culture expressed in this or that concept, by philosophers of culture and culturologists. In the methodology of conceptual analysis performed meaningful differentiation of the concept “cultural code” in the works of Y. M. Lotman, the values of the concept at different levels of generalization are explicated. The authors of the article highlighted the nuclear universal-semiotic meaning of the concept “cultural code”, understood as a sign system, which most corresponds to the philosophy of sign and sign systems in the understanding of the phenomenon. Then the intermediate meaning of the concept, characteristic for the philosophy of culture, and including such meanings as cultural matrix and cultural tradition is defined, which helps to form ideas about a special type of culture and to carry out typology of cultures based on dominant cultural codes. After that the peripheral, applied meanings of the concept, elaborated in social psychology – cultural archetypes, philology – linguistic meaning-forming structures of the text, media-communication and other humanities sciences are described. The authors of the article conclude that the values of the concept “cultural code” are historically formed and changeable in time, expanded by the increment of knowledge in the applied sciences, in the philosophical sciences determine the order of analysis of the phenomenon “cultural code” from the level of the sign system to cultural tradition and then semantic structures of the text in a particular culture.

Visual Concept Programming: A Visual Analytics Approach to Injecting Human Intelligence at Scale.

Data-centric AI has emerged as a new research area to systematically engineer the data to land AI models for real-world applications. As a core method for data-centric AI, data programming helps experts inject domain knowledge into data and label data at scale using carefully designed labeling functions (e.g., heuristic rules, logistics). Though data programming has shown great success in the NLP domain, it is challenging to program image data because of a) the challenge to describe images using visual vocabulary without human annotations and b) lacking efficient tools for data programming of images. We present Visual Concept Programming, a first-of-its-kind visual analytics approach of using visual concepts to program image data at scale while requiring a few human efforts. Our approach is built upon three unique components. It first uses a self-supervised learning approach to learn visual representation at the pixel level and extract a dictionary of visual concepts from images without using any human annotations. The visual concepts serve as building blocks of labeling functions for experts to inject their domain knowledge. We then design interactive visualizations to explore and understand visual concepts and compose labeling functions with concepts without writing code. Finally, with the composed labeling functions, users can label the image data at scale and use the labeled data to refine the pixel-wise visual representation and concept quality. We evaluate the learned pixel-wise visual representation for the downstream task of semantic segmentation to show the effectiveness and usefulness of our approach. In addition, we demonstrate how our approach tackles real-world problems of image retrieval for autonomous driving.

Die Erfindung der Aufklärung

Compared to movements elsewhere in Western Europe, the German Enlightenment is considered a latecomer and a fairly non-combative one at that. Using methods from the historiography of concepts, images, and metaphors, this article shows that a conception of Aufklärung as a form of intellectual improvement and a combative reform process emerged in the Germanspeaking lands shortly after 1700. It was decisive for the attractiveness of aufklären and Aufklärung that they found their origin in meteorological vocabulary; since the original meaning derives from the sun breaking through the clouds, the new cognitive meaning evoked visual associations that suggested an irresistible natural power of the desired reforms and a bright future. The study of the semantics and pragmatics of aufklären and Aufklärung spans from the early 17th to the mid-18th century. It is flanked by archive-supported investigations into the genesis of Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, the major lexicon of historical concepts conceived and co-edited by Reinhart Koselleck. Against Koselleck’s thesis that history can only be understood in terms of concepts, this article works with a broader basis of sources, including pre-terminological and metaphorical language use as well as programmatic images. It also inquires into influences from other languages (French, English, Latin). Finally, the reported findings are compared with Dan Edelstein’s and Antoine Lilti’s interpretations of the Enlightenment.

The newest branches of modern linguistics

The article presents an analytical review of the newest branches of modern linguistics (linguoconceptology, linguopersonology, linguometaphorology and medialinguistics), which gradually formed the theoretical and methodological basis and categorical-terminological apparatus, accumulates empirical material. However, many theoretical positions require repeated scientific understanding, generalization and systematization, and terminology – clarification and unification. Based on the analysis of the main publications in each of the indicated branches of linguistics, the current directions and problems of research are described, and an attempt is made to predict the dynamics of their development. In linguoconceptology, the debatable problems are the definition of the essence and features of the concept, its types and means of representation, methods of analysis and description, structuring of the concept and the conceptosphere; in linguopersonology – finding out the nature and types of language personality, its modeling, methods of analysis and description; in linguometaphorology – determining the nature of metaphor, establishing mechanisms of metaphorization, and types of metaphorical motivation, modeling metaphorization, clarifying the features of metaphorical conceptualization and representation; in medialinguistics – determination of the linguistic status of the language of the mass media and its functional and stylistic features, the specifics of the mediatext, its types and genres, the establishment of linguistic and media technologies of influence on the consciousness of the addressee. In linguoconceptology promising areas are descriptive and comparative study of individual and national conceptospheres, conceptographic practice, compilation of conceptual dictionaries; in linguopersonology – the study of idiolectal linguistic personalities, various ethnocultural or social types; in linguometaphorology – the study of metaphor and metaphorization in semantic, cognitive and linguocultural aspects on the material of scientific, political and artistic discourses, metaphorical lexicographic practice, compilation of metaphorical dictionaries; in medialinguistics – the study of speech behavior of media communication participants, analysis and description of various types and genres of mediatexts.

Implementing the Story Units of Japanese Folktales by Using a Verb Conceptual Dictionary

Implementing the Story Units of Japanese Folktales by Using a Verb Conceptual Dictionary

Semantics of Judgments about Interoceptive Experience

The linguistic representation of interoceptive sensations is valuable not only for the study of cognitive processes, but also for conceptual analysis within the framework of the phenomenal approach in the philosophy of mind. This article focuses on the deep linguistic mechanisms of metaphorical conceptualization of corporeality and their relationship with various classes of judgments expressing awareness of internal bodily experience. Interoceptive sensations are associated with the representation of the image of the inner-body space and the processes occurring in it. The content of these representations is extracted simultaneously from mental beliefs about the properties of one's own physicality and, at the same time, from both real (physical) and imaginary causes of internal states. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the relationship of the semantics of these judgments with the principles of forming a conceptual dictionary of interoceptive sensations coming from a variety of pragmatic contexts. Some results of clinical and semantic studies of psychopathology deserve special attention. Semantic intersections of metaphors in idiomatic expressions of emotional states and judgments describing an abnormal inner-body experience are found. The paper substantiates the thesis that body, in addition to the functions of the organismic “interface” device, also has deep representative properties. While attempting to formulate utterances expressing abnormal inner-body experience, a conceptually conditioned metaphorical dictionary is automatically used. Along with the formation of conceptual schemes, the formation of judgments of awareness about the qualities of one's own conscious experience takes place.

Trial on Design Ideation through Computational Knowledge Extension and Recall Enhancement

Recently in the field of design, it is becoming more important to generate innovative ideas of "what to create" at early design stage than ideas of "how well to make". At early design stage, compared to middle and downstream stages, information technology support has not been fully realized. In this research, based on the knowledge of cognitive neuroscience that "human creation does not create something out of nothing, but the memory of the past is the basis of creation", a database of functions and UXs of existing examples is prepared as an extension of human memory. And database exploration using similarity calculations with a concept dictionary enhances recall. Using the database, experiments to coming up to ideas for solving a problem. From the results, the effectiveness and possibility of the proposed method are confirmed.

Neural Embeddings for Text Analysis: A Case Study in Neoliberal Discourse

This paper examines the notions of neoliberalism and the financialization and marketisation of public life by using computational tools such as sentence embeddings on a novel corpus of neoliberal articles. More specifically, we experimented with distributional semantics along with several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and machine learning algorithms in order to extract conceptual dictionaries and “seed” words. Our findings show that sentence embeddings reveal repetitive patterns constructed around the given concepts and highlight the mechanical character of an ideology in its function of providing solutions, policies and constructing stereotypes. This work introduces a novel pipeline for computer-assisted research in discourse analysis and ideology.

A multivariate statistical evaluation of actual use of electronic health record systems implementations in Kenya.

Health facilities in developing countries are increasingly adopting Electronic Health Records systems (EHRs) to support healthcare processes. However, only limited studies are available that assess the actual use of the EHRs once adopted in these settings. We assessed the state of the 376 KenyaEMR system (national EHRs) implementations in healthcare facilities offering HIV services in Kenya. The study focused on seven EHRs use indicators. Six of the seven indicators were programmed and packaged into a query script for execution within each KenyaEMR system (KeEMRs) implementation to collect monthly server-log data for each indicator for the period 2012-2019. The indicators included: Staff system use, observations (clinical data volume), data exchange, standardized terminologies, patient identification, and automatic reports. The seventh indicator (EHR variable Completeness) was derived from routine data quality report within the EHRs. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine how individual facility characteristics affected the use of the system. 213 facilities spanning 19 counties participated in the study. The mean number of authorized users who actively used the KeEMRs was 18.1% (SD = 13.1%, p<0.001) across the facilities. On average, the volume of clinical data (observations) captured in the EHRs was 3363 (SD = 4259). Only a few facilities(14.1%) had health data exchange capability. 97.6% of EHRs concept dictionary terms mapped to standardized terminologies such as CIEL. Within the facility EHRs, only 50.5% (SD = 35.4%, p< 0.001) of patients had the nationally-endorsed patient identifier number recorded. Multiple regression analysis indicated the need for improvement on the mode of EHRs use of implementation. The standard EHRs use indicators can effectively measure EHRs use and consequently determine success of the EHRs implementations. The results suggest that most of the EHRs use areas assessed need improvement, especially in relation to active usage of the system and data exchange readiness.

Семантические преобразования лексемы менталитет в метафорических моделях субъектно-предикатных отношений

This article presents a new stage of the research project on the frontal analysis of conditions and results of contextual actualization of lexemes representing the Russian concept MENTALITET/MENTAL’NOST’ (‘MENTALITY’). Here, the author studied the word mentalitet (‘mentality’) in non-usual subject-predicate combinations. The aim was to analyse semantic transformations of the lexeme mentalitet in the conceptual metaphorical models of reification and animation. L.O. Cherneiko’s method of cognitive interpretation of abstract words and the method of conceptual analysis elaborated by Nizhny Novgorod Conceptological School were applied in the paper. For material the author turned to the Russian National Corpus. The scientific value of the article consists in introducing a new aspect of conceptual analysis, i.e. conceptual metaphorical transformations of the word mentalitet in subject-predicate combinations. The key findings are as follows: 1) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical reification, the lexeme mentalitet is interpreted as a sensually perceived object: a concrete thing, device, mechanism, material (substance); 2) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical animation, mentalitet is perceived as a living, rationally and efficiently acting being endowed with consciousness, emotions and will. The author comes to the conclusion that this borrowed abstract concept has been to a large extent appropriated by the Russian linguistic worldview. The paper makes a sufficient contribution to contemporary cognitively oriented linguoculturological research strategies as well as to the theory and practice of conceptual analysis. The practical value of the article lies in the opportunity to use its main results in journalism and PR projects, as well as in compiling a new type of concept dictionaries and in linguistic examination of media texts.

Possibilities for re-envisioning the work of the teacher in early childhood education. Notes for a polyphonic and participatory university practice

ABSTRACT We analyse a training proposal in the Degree in Early Childhood Education at the University of Cantabria (Spain), which consists of the elaboration of a critical and collaboratively created dictionary of concepts identified as important by the participating students. Through enquiry projects in which they adopt the role of researchers, they construct new definitions that affirm the plurality of languages and diversity of experiences and knowledge that form part of the school reality. These three enquiry projects allow us to discuss the diverse professional models of early childhood education (the maternalistic assumption, the outcome pedagogy and the critical ecology of the profession). In addition, we describe and analyse the enquiry processes employed with a special focus on listening processes for the different voices (non-directivity or respect for ideas in their interpretation and representation) and the difficulties encountered. Finally, the proposal makes it possible to explore the political and structural implications of teacher training (the theory–practice relationship and the need for an integrated training model).

Emergent Axioms of Violence: Toward an Anthropology of Post-Liberal Modernity

ABSTRACT This collection highlights the diverse and complicated ways that violence becomes axiomatic, namely through political rhetoric, epistemological impositions, and colonial legacies. Considering how axiomatic violence emerges from events of rupture as well as slow-moving structural inequalities, authors interrogate both the novelty and mundane quality of the current political moment. Approaching violence as axiomatic expands the conceptual lexicon for discussing how rhetorics, metaphors, and prescriptive assumptions can be inherently violent and become normalised, losing their event-like status. Through the routinisation of the extraordinary, truths become indisputable. Axioms combine neoteric and foundational violence to lend legitimacy to apparently incontestable categories of domination, disenfranchisement, and epistemological governance.

On the use of dictionary materials when studying concepts at Russian language lessons

The purpose of this study is to show how using dictionary materials helps in creating the conceptual model, which separates the basic concept elements and shows stable communications between them. This article describes the training experiment and characterizes students’ studies of concepts, including how they employ different dictionary materials (linguistic, mythological, and concept dictionaries). The author pays special attention to how students work with didactic materials created by their teacher depending on the dictionaries’ content. The conceptual model, constructed as a result of the multifaceted activity, consists of two main components: 1) the poetic perception of home; 2) the everyday perception of home. Each of these components is further defined by a whole group of meanings.

Universal Architectural Concepts Underlying Protein Folding Patterns.

What is the architectural “basis set” of the observed universe of protein structures? Using information-theoretic inference, we answer this question with a dictionary of 1,493 substructures—called concepts—typically at a subdomain level, based on an unbiased subset of known protein structures. Each concept represents a topologically conserved assembly of helices and strands that make contact. Any protein structure can be dissected into instances of concepts from this dictionary. We dissected the Protein Data Bank and completely inventoried all the concept instances. This yields many insights, including correlations between concepts and catalytic activities or binding sites, useful for rational drug design; local amino-acid sequence–structure correlations, useful for ab initio structure prediction methods; and information supporting the recognition and exploration of evolutionary relationships, useful for structural studies. An interactive site, Proçodic, at http://lcb.infotech.monash.edu.au/prosodic (click), provides access to and navigation of the entire dictionary of concepts and their usages, and all associated information. This report is part of a continuing programme with the goal of elucidating fundamental principles of protein architecture, in the spirit of the work of Cyrus Chothia.