Concept Of Trust Research Articles

"Something Fast and Cheap" or "A Core Element of Building Trust"? - AI Auditing Professionals' Perspectives on Trust in AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) auditing is a relatively new area of work. Currently, there is a lack of uniform standards and regulation. As a result, the AI auditing ecosystem is very diverse, and AI auditing professionals use a variety of different auditing methods. So far, little is known about how AI auditors approach the concept of trust in AI through AI audits, in particular regarding the trust of users. This paper reports findings from interviews with 19 AI auditing stakeholders to understand how AI auditing professionals seek to create calibrated trust in AI tools and AI audits. Themes identified included the AI auditing ecosystem, participants' experiences with AI auditing, and trust in AI audits and AI. The paper adds to the existing research on trust in AI and trustworthiness in AI by adding perspectives of key stakeholders regarding trust in AI Audits by users as an essential and currently less explored part of the trust in AI research. This paper shows how information asymmetry in respect to AI audits can decrease the value of audits for users and consequently their trust in AI systems. Study participants suggest key elements for rebuilding trust and suggest recommendations for the AI auditing industry, such as monitoring of auditors and effective communication about AI audits.

Residents’ trust, perceived benefits and support for mega-sporting events: insights from the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to reveal the interrelationships between residents’ perceived trust, perceived social and personal benefits and event support intention for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. The interrelationships were investigated over time.Design/methodology/approachData were collected twice (Time 1: 7–9 September 2021 and Time 2: 7–9 September 2022) using a panel design. Stratified online sampling was employed based on resident status, age and Olympic and Paralympic viewership (n = 714). Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the data.FindingsTrust strongly affected personal and social benefits at Time 1 and event support at Time 2. However, social benefits at Time 2 did not significantly influence event support at Time 2. The reciprocal effects of personal and social benefits at Time 1 and Time 2 were observed to be weakly related or not related.Practical implicationsBidding procedures often require public backing. Actors must explain how residents will be affected generally and which benefits might derive from the megasport event. Briefings would also boost event openness. Messages that locals can apply to their own lives are more important than explaining how society will change.Originality/valueThis study contributed to the literature by applying the concepts of trust and buy-in from social exchange theory to the context of mega-sporting events. The findings highlighted that the success of such events hinged on resident buy-in. Contrary to previous studies, this research clarified that while residents may have distrusted certain entities, they still supported the event, indicating that trust and buy-in operated independently.

No need to look, trust me! Mutual trust and distrust in the European arrest warrant system

Abstract No cooperative scheme in EU law has displayed bigger tensions between mutual trust and fundamental rights protection than the EAW system. Despite the requirement developed by the CJEU for national courts to trust each other and recognise each other’s arrest warrants, the reality on the ground has shown high levels of distrust between national courts regarding Member States’ alignment with core EU values. In this contribution, we analyze how the CJEU has managed such tensions in the EAW system. To that effect, we first put the Court’s EAW case law into context by examining the broader language of mutual trust used by the Court in other fields of EU law. In doing so, we point out how the Court has espoused different levels of lawful distrust to be exercised in different circumstances under the scope of application of mutual trust. Given that broader context, it is contradictory for the Court to mainly view mutual trust as a requirement rather than a reality in need of permanent and continuing justification between national authorities. The latter conception of mutual trust is more apt to be the basis of EU horizontal cooperation, which must be value-based and sincere according to the Treaties. Therefore, we propose a bidimensional account of mutual trust as a legal principle, one that accommodates both trust and distrust as tools for managing the uncertainty and dynamic nature of trust-based cooperation. Finally, we explore how such account of mutual (dis)trust can be concretised by the Court and other political institutions.

Development and validation of the ethnic trust scale in China.

Considerable research has shown that ethnic trust reflects the existence of friendly relations among all ethnic groups and ethnic individuals, and can help in resolving ethnic conflicts and contradictions, promoting exchanges among various ethnic groups, which is highly relevant to social stability. This research, including three studies, aimed to explore the conceptual structure of ethnic trust in China, and develop and validate a measurement of the ethnic trust scale. In the first study, we used free association and in-depth interview methodology, applied cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, and grounded theory to construct the theoretical framework of Chinese people's ethnic trust concept. In the second study, we constructed an initial inventory based on the concept dimensions of ethnic trust established in the first study. We screened items by item analysis and extracted common factors using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), thus determining a total of 48 items in the two subscales (interpersonal-oriented ethnic trust subscale and the intergroup-oriented subscale), which consisted of two dimensions including particular trust and universal trust. In the third study, we used first-and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the scale's construct validity. The results indicated a good fit between the two-factor model and the data. And the ethnic trust scale showed very good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha >0.89) and test-retest reliability >0.70. Based on our results, have formed a ethnic trust scale by keeping 48 items, which can beused to measure the levels of interpersonal-oriented and group-oriented ethnic trust within the Chinese cultural context.

The Impact of Consumer Trust on Purchase Intentions in China

This paper aims to explore the impact of consumer trust on purchase intentions in the Chinese market. Consumer trust plays a critical role in purchasing decisions, especially in the complex and rapidly changing environment of China. This study first defines the core concept of consumer trust and constructs a theoretical framework linking trust with purchase intentions. By analyzing the unique cultural, market, and policy context of China, the research examines how these factors influence consumer trust and its impact on purchasing decision mechanisms. The paper further employs empirical research methods to analyze data on the relationship between consumer trust and purchase intentions and offers recommendations for businesses and policymakers. The findings indicate that consumer trust significantly affects purchase intentions, and enhancing consumer trust can effectively increase positive purchasing tendencies. Finally, the paper summarizes the main findings, discusses their theoretical and practical implications, and outlines directions for future research.

A Systematic Review on Fostering Appropriate Trust in Human-AI Interaction: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges

Appropriate Trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has rapidly become an important area of focus for both researchers and practitioners. Various approaches have been used to achieve it, such as confidence scores, explanations, trustworthiness cues, or uncertainty communication. However, a comprehensive understanding of the field is lacking due to the diversity of perspectives arising from various backgrounds that influence it and the lack of a single definition for appropriate trust. To investigate this topic, this paper presents a systematic review to identify current practices in building appropriate trust, different ways to measure it, types of tasks used, and potential challenges associated with it. We also propose a Belief, Intentions, and Actions (BIA) mapping to study commonalities and differences in the concepts related to appropriate trust by (a) describing the existing disagreements on defining appropriate trust, and (b) providing an overview of the concepts and definitions related to appropriate trust in AI from the existing literature. Finally, the challenges identified in studying appropriate trust are discussed, and observations are summarized as current trends, potential gaps, and research opportunities for future work. Overall, the paper provides insights into the complex concept of appropriate trust in human-AI interaction and presents research opportunities to advance our understanding on this topic.

Bringing Trust Building to Life Within Health Policy-Making Comment on "Placing Trust at the Heart of Health Policy and Systems"

Public trust is crucial for health policy-making as it is closely linked to public participation and policy-makers’ legitimacy. While we have witnessed increasing interest in issues of public trust, especially since COVID-19, we argue that efforts should be made to deeply integrate the concept of public trust into health policy-making from the design to the implementation, assessment, and evaluation processes across the public health and medical domains. We propose four key aspects to consider for building public trust in the healthcare system, which have emerged from our past and ongoing health policy research on public trust: to understand trust before aiming to build trust; to provide tailored guidance on trust building in health policy; to develop trust performance indicators to assess trust interventions; and to implement targeted communication strategies.

Transparency in Language and Discourse: A Model for Interdisciplinary Analysis

The article points out the tendency to use highly specialized (terminological) vocabulary in modern public communication and proposes a model for interdisciplinary analysis of the new word entry into the Russian language and its functioning in different types of discourse. The explanation capability of the model, including the linguistic, axiological, cognitive (cognitive-communicative, cognitive-discursive, cognitive-psychological) aspects of analysis, is demonstrated on the example of its application to the study of the unit transparency. The ways of borrowing the word are noted: through the significant expansion of the lexical meaning under the influence of discourse (political, economic, legal, etc.) to the categorical one, associated with the processes of transmission, receipt of information and society’s response to the information occasion. The place of the word transparency in the synonymic series is determined: using the methods of lexicographic and component analysis the semantic differences of the words otkrytost (openness), dostupnost (accessibility), prozrachnost (transparency), publichnost (publicity), glasnost (disclosure), jasnost (clarity) are established. Applying the methods of contextual, logical-and-cognitive and cognitive-and-discursive analysis the data from the Russian National Corpus are studied to determine the discursive specificity in the meanings of the above mentioned synonyms, which are considered through subject-object and subject-subject relations in the process of informing and are described as the constituents in the structure of the category of transparency. The link between the linguomental phenomenon of transparency and related concepts of trust and equality is established. The authors distinguish between the voluntary and forced nature of data transfer and reception, emphasize the axiological and cognitive-and-psychological components of the information transfer in the process of group and/or mass communication. The universality of the model is proved. It has the potential for application to the consideration of other “key” issues, which reflect the mood and linguistic preferences of the epoch.

Trust in AI and Top Management Support in Generative-AI Adoption

ABSTRACT Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have gained popularity, promising substantial benefits, but have also started debates on their potential to redefine roles in the workforce. This study explores how trust and top management support are related to the actual employment of these technologies in various work environments. The research, conducted among experienced professionals from different countries, utilized an online survey. After data cleaning, the final analysis cohort comprised 128 participants. This study leveraged PLS-SEM for statistical analysis, underlining that top management support, while not directly leading to actual usage, profoundly impacts trust in AI. This trust forms a bridge between top management support and actual technology use. Thus, this study offers a novel concept of trust in AI as a key mediator. Despite the mixed sentiments surrounding generative AI, these insights are important for organizations willing to integrate such tools.

Ensuring Information Security of Information Systems to be Integrated Based on Trust

Relevance. Information systems are integrated with each other, which leads to the need to ensure the protection of the integrated system. The level of trust requires formalizing the concept of trust and studying its nature and structure.The purpose of the article is to remove the contradiction between the needs to provide access to the resources of the resulting integrated system and ensure compliance with the information security requirements of each of the integrated systems by formulating the concept of trust from the information security perspective. Methods used: systems analysis, risk management theory, resolutions, iSoft operator equation synthesis method.Results. Main shortcomings of existing approaches to the formalization of the concept of “trust” are identified. Based on the FIST information system model, a functional trust structure has been developed and formalized in IDEF0 notation for all levels of integrated information systems: supporting level, personnel level, hardware and software levels. Examples of violation of trust and examples of tools for creating trust for each level of the information system are given. The adequacy of the model is illustrated by the example of real integration of information systems. Application of the proposed trust model made it possible to identify features that increase information security risks for the integrated information system from the example. Novelty. An interpretation of trust as a measure of information security is proposed, in contrast to “risk” as a measure of danger. A tool for quantitative assessment of trust is proposed. A necessary and sufficient condition for creating maximum trust in an information system is formulated and proven by the resolution method Practical significance. The proposed trust model can be used in the development of guidance documents regulating the process of integration of information systems, in setting requirements for service personnel and creating training programs for them, for developing information security tools and methods for their application.

Encompassing trust in medical AI from the perspective of medical students: a quantitative comparative study

BackgroundIn the years to come, artificial intelligence will become an indispensable tool in medical practice. The digital transformation will undoubtedly affect today’s medical students. This study focuses on trust from the perspective of three groups of medical students - students from Croatia, students from Slovakia, and international students studying in Slovakia.MethodsA paper-pen survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic convenience sample. In the second half of 2022, 1715 students were surveyed at five faculties in Croatia and three in Slovakia.ResultsSpecifically, 38.2% of students indicated familiarity with the concept of AI, while 44.8% believed they would use AI in the future. Patient readiness for the implementation of technologies was mostly assessed as being low. More than half of the students, 59.1%, believe that the implementation of digital technology (AI) will negatively impact the patient-physician relationship and 51,3% of students believe that patients will trust physicians less. The least agreement with the statement was observed among international students, while a higher agreement was expressed by Slovak and Croatian students 40.9% of Croatian students believe that users do not trust the healthcare system, 56.9% of Slovak students agree with this view, while only 17.3% of international students share this opinion. The ability to explain to patients how AI works if they were asked was statistically significantly different for the different student groups, international students expressed the lowest agreement, while the Slovak and Croatian students showed a higher agreement.ConclusionThis study provides insight into medical students’ attitudes from Croatia, Slovakia, and international students regarding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the future healthcare system, with a particular emphasis on the concept of trust. A notable difference was observed between the three groups of students, with international students differing from their Croatian and Slovak colleagues. This study also highlights the importance of integrating AI topics into the medical curriculum, taking into account national social & cultural specificities that could negatively impact AI implementation if not carefully addressed.

Cognitive mapping of the economy of trust

The concept of trust has been extensively explored by governments, researchers, and academic communities focusing on public authorities and the financial system, albeit in separate contexts. Trust plays a vital role in both sectors, influencing various aspects of governance, economic stability, and societal well-being. However, the relationship and interdependencies between trust in the government and trust in the financial system remain relatively unexplored. In addressing this gap, this study aims to improve the understanding of the role of trust in the socio-economic system and provide a framework for analysing the complex causal mechanisms between developments in the financial and public sectors using trust concepts. To achieve this, the study adopts the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) method in combination with the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) as the methodological approach. The results highlight that even a small decline in trust can have severe repercussions on the stability of the financial system, deposit levels, exchange rate stability, and the prevalence of non-performing loans. Additionally, violations of trust in the financial sector also impact the development of the public sector, resulting in decreased trust in the government, fiscal stability, tax revenues, and government bond purchases. The study also demonstrated that when trust in both the financial sector and the government is eroded simultaneously, the complexities and the extent of negative consequences are amplified. These findings emphasize the interconnected nature of trust dynamics in both sectors and underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing trust-related challenges.

The state of (mis) trust: Human-centered technology development & implementation in intensive mental health settings

Innovative technology-based solutions in mental healthcare promise significant improvements in care quality and clinical outcomes. However, their successful implementation is profoundly influenced by the levels of trust patients hold toward their treatment providers, organizations, and the technology itself. This paper delves into the complexities of building and assessing patient trust within the intensive mental health care context, focusing on inpatient settings. We explore the multifaceted nature of trust, including interpersonal, institutional, and technological trust. We highlight the crucial role of therapeutic trust, which comprises both interpersonal trust between patients and providers, and institutional trust in treatment organizations. The manuscript identifies potential key barriers to trust, from sociocultural background to a patient's psychopathology. Furthermore, it examines the concept of technological trust, emphasizing the influence of digital literacy, socio-economic status, and user experience on patients' acceptance of digital health innovations. By emphasizing the importance of assessing and addressing the state of trust among patients, the overarching goal is to leverage digital innovations to enhance mental healthcare outcomes within intensive mental health settings.

INSONNING YUKSAK MA’NAVIY UYG‘UNLIKKA ERISHISHIDA ISHONCH, E’TIQOD VA IMON TUSHUNCHALARINING O‘RNI

Today, the reason for the increasing attention to this issue is that faith plays an important role in the formation of ideological immunity, which is extremely necessary for a person, especially young people. If we can form the foundations of healthy beliefs and a high worldview in our young people from childhood, they will grow up to be spiritually rich, independent-minded and noble individuals. Therefore, this article highlights the role of the concepts of trust, belief and faith in the achievement of high spiritual harmony among young people.

The Impact of Different Basic Trust Types During Critical Situations: The Case of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait

The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the impact of ontological security on states’ foreign policy preferences. The study posits that foreign policy preferences are closely related with their basic trust, a product of the intricate interplay between actor’s agentic capacity and its internal and external environment. This theoretical proposition is subsequently subjected to comparative examination within the contexts of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The study contends that despite sharing similar concerns regarding physical and ontological security, these two actors have pursued distinct foreign policy trajectories regarding the Arab uprisings and normalization with Israel that owe to differing types of basic trust. In doing so, the study aims to contribute to the ontological security literature from two perspectives: 1) to refine and elucidate the scope of the basic trust concept by reinterpreting it and highlighting its central role in ontological security analysis, and 2) to contribute to the practical applications of the field by applying the concepts developed in the ontological security literature to case studies of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Trust under development: The Italian validation of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ) for adolescents.

In recent years, the concept of epistemic trust has emerged as a critical factor in understanding psychopathology, particularly within the context of personality disorders. A self-report instrument, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ), has demonstrated its validity among English and Italian adult populations. However, extending its applicability to adolescents is essential for comprehending the role of epistemic trust in the development of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to validate the ETMCQ within the Italian adolescent demographic. Data were gathered from a wide selection of middle and high schools across Italy. The data collection started on 01/03/2022 and ended on 30/06/2022. Besides the ETMCQ (Study 1 = 662 participants, 12-18 years old, M = 15.56, SD = 2.20; 324 females, 338 males), we also administered other self-report instruments measuring mentalization, emotional dysregulation, general levels of psychopathology, and interpersonal trust in a smaller groups (Study 2 = 417 participants, aged from 12-19 years old, M = 15.64; SD = 2.08; 249 females, 168 males). Our findings provide empirical validation for the theoretical framework concerning the role of epistemic trust in psychological functioning and substantiate the validity of ETMCQ as a measure to assess it among teenagers. The ETMCQ is a valid and promising instrument for adolescent populations; its ease and brevity of administration could make it a valuable tool both in clinical and research contexts, shedding light on the role of epistemic trust in mental health.

Online shopping behaviour on social media platforms from the perspective of trust and flow experience: a SEM-Neural Network Modeling

This study aims to examine online shopping behaviour on social media platforms. This study formulates a research model integrating trust with the flow theory and some basic constructs of the UTAUT. To analyze the data from an online survey involving 305 participants actively making online purchases through social media platforms. This study applied the Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Networks (SEM-ANN) technique. Incorporating statistically significant SEM findings, the ANN model was used to analyze linear and nonlinear interactions among proposed variables. The research findings demonstrate that flow emerges as the most significant determinant, succeeded by effort expectancy, social influence, and performance expectancy, in defining the concept of trust. However, the sensitivity analysis using ANN indicates that effort expectancy is the most important factor in establishing trust, followed by flow, social influence, and performance expectancy. The predictive power of intention to use is noteworthy in determining actual use behaviour, with trust and flow emerging as influential factors favourably impacting this intention.

Research on Security Model of Airport Luggage Remote Office System Based on Zero Trust

With the continuous development of modern information society, remote office equipment itself has many benefits and is widely respected by the public, but at the same time, it also brings many network security issues. In order to help the airport luggage remote office system achieve stability and solve security issues encountered during luggage inspection, an analysis of existing system security risks based on the zero trust concept is conducted, including factors such as data leakage, insufficient monitoring, and incomplete identity authentication. Combined with the characteristics of the luggage system and remote office technology, the security model is ensured to be sufficiently reliable, providing some reference for airlines preparing to implement zero trust airport luggage remote office.

In smartness we trust: consumer experience, smart device personalization and privacy balance

PurposeDrawing on the personalization–privacy paradox and guided by means–end analysis, this study explores how consumers balance their concerns for privacy and the benefits of smart home device personalization and the role that trust plays in the process. More specifically, this study aims to investigate how perceptions of smart device personalization and privacy concerns are shaped by consumers’ experiences and the role of trust in the deliberation process.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews were conducted across diverse demographic groups of smart device users to shed light on the balancing act between personalization and privacy.FindingsThe study found that product experience, ownership type, perceived value of convenience and control and quality of life via “smart things” are key motivators for product usage. The benefits of tailored recommendations and high relevance are balanced against the risks of echo chamber effects and loss of control. The results also show the role of active involvement in the privacy calculus and trust level. The study points to the significance of an ecosystem-based service/business model in gaining consumer confidence when they balance between personalization and privacy.Originality/valueAlthough many studies have explored trust, privacy concerns and personalization in an artificial intelligence (AI)-related context, few have addressed trust in the context of both smart devices and the personalization–privacy paradox. As such, this study adds to the existing literature by incorporating the concept of trust and addressing both privacy concerns and personalization in the AI context.

Do you wanna dance? Tales of trust and driving trust factors in robot medication counseling in the pharmacy context.

Introduction: The sustainable implementation of socially assistive robots in a pharmacy setting requires that customers trust the robot. Our aim was to explore young adults' anticipations of and motives for trusting robot medication counseling in a high-stakes scenario. Methods: Through a co-creation approach, we co-designed a prototype application for the Furhat platform together with young adults. In-lab testing of a pharmacy scenario, where the robot provides medication counseling related to emergency contraceptive pills, was conducted to deepen our understanding of some factors driving young adults' initial trust establishment and anticipations of interacting with a robot in a high-stakes scenario. Qualitative data from interviews with six study participants were analyzed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis and are presented through a narrative approach. Results: We outline five tales of trust characterized by personas. A continuum of different anticipations for consulting a robot in medication counseling is presented, ranging from low to high expectations of use. Driving factors in the initial trust establishment process are position, autonomy, boundaries, shame, gaze, and alignment. Discussion: The article adds to the understanding of the dimensions of the multifaceted trust concept, of driving trust factors, and of the subsequent anticipation to trust robots in a high-stakes pharmacy context.