Psychological Concepts Research Articles

The psychoanalytic unconscious and Buddhist unconscious (alaya-consciousness)

The unconscious is a central concept in psychoanalysis, and alaya-consciousness is a central concept in Buddhism. Although the unconscious is not a dominate concept in Western philosophy and psychology, there is a great deal of correspondence between the unconscious in psychoanalysis and alaya-consciousness in Buddhism. Psychoanalysis and Buddhism agree that the conscious is only a small part of the human mind, and that the vast majority of it is not the conscious. The compatibility of the unconscious in psychoanalysis and alaya-consciousness in Buddhism provides an important way to localise psychoanalysis in China. The Buddhist theory of alaya-consciousness is deeper and more systematic than the psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious, and this difference also provides the possibility of improving theory and technology of psychoanalysis from a Buddhist perspective. In addition, the integration of Buddhism and psychoanalysis is an important way to modernise Buddhism.

Critique of Montessori's Method of Early Childhood

This paper critically examines Maria Montessori's method of early childhood education through the lens of Vedic psychology. While Montessori's approach emphasizes child-centered learning and hands-on activities, this study explores its compatibility with Vedic psychology, which includes ancient Indian philosophical and psychological insights. Through an analysis of Montessori's principles alongside Vedic psychology concepts such as the holistic nature of the self and the importance of spiritual development, potential areas of misalignment or improvement within Montessori's framework are identified. By offering a nuanced critique, this paper contributes to the discourse surrounding early childhood education, aiming to enrich educational practices by integrating insights from diverse philosophical perspectives.

Психологічні особливості впливу особистісних якостей на розвиток суб'єктної активності маркетологів

The article examines the personal factors influencing the formation of subjective activity among marketing professionals. The theoretical principles of the subject and subjectivity concept in Ukrainian psychology are analyzed, along with their application in the labor market within business environments. Subjective activity is viewed as a complex systemic-integrative characteristic of an individual, indicating their ability for active, conscious transformation of oneself and the surrounding reality. It reflects the conscious self-realization of a person's inner natural essence, defining them as subjects of life activity and making them autonomous in their life manifestations. The research results on the influence of personal qualities and value structures of novice marketers and marketers with over two years of experience on the forms of their subjective activity are presented. Differences in the structure of relationships between indicators of subjective activity and the personal qualities and value structures of marketers with different levels of work experience are highlighted. It is emphasized that the formation of subjective activity is aimed at professional self-development and self-realization in the work process, serving as a crucial factor in professional growth and career advancement for specialists.

The Influence of Lacanian Jouissance on K. G. George Movies

This paper explores the influence of Lacanian jouissance on the films of K. G. George, a pivotal figure in shaping the narrative and stylistic ofMalayalam cinema between 1974 and 1998, who passed away on 24th of September 2023. George's career as a filmmaker paralleled important changes in society and politics, and his films explored the intricacies of the human mind in the face of shifting social scenarios. The examination of Lacanian jouissance in K. G. George's films shed light on the complex interactions that shape the psychological landscapes of the characters via lack, desire, and social constraints. This is made possible through the qualitative content analysis of a purposively sampled set of K. G. George movies that include Yavanika (1982), Adaminte Variyellu (1983), Irakal (1985),Mattoral (1988), and Ee Kanni Koodi (1990). These films are representations that allow the spectators to confront their own unconscious desires and the constraints placed on them by social conventions such as gender norms. The study of these films also encourages a contemplative examination of the human condition by engaging with complexities of desire, societal expectations and shifting human relationships. Applying Lacanian Jouissance to the study of K. G. George movies focus on individual psychology with broader social commentaries, offering a nuanced perspective on the interplay between human consciousness and societal structures. As a director hailed for using psychology and psychoanalytic concepts in his movies, it is important to theoretically place observed influence of Lacanian Jouissance on his movies.

Constructing the 'Self' in Islamic Psychology: Challenges and Opportunities

The Self is one of the core concepts in Islamic psychology. However, the concept of the Self found in recent Islamic psychology discourse is still quite unclear since its understanding of the soul remains debatable. A deeper study on the concept of the Self should be carried out to refine the essence of the Self in Islamic psychology and straighten the problematic and reductive understanding on these issues. This paper will give brief review on the studies of the Self in Islamic psychology, then provide some views about the challenges and opportunities to develop this concept. Further discussions about this issue are also discussed in this article.

Conscious perception of environmental threats: the role of environmental psychology in the formation of environmental consciousness

The article examines the role of environmental psychology in the formation of the environmental consciousness and conscious perception of environmental threats by humans. It examines how psychological factors influence people's perception and understanding of environmental issues, including barriers that prevent effective interaction with the environmental information. This article will help reveal the importance of environmental psychology in the formation of environmental consciousness and understanding of environmental threats. It will contribute to the understanding of how psychological factors affect the perception and interaction with the environmental information, and will provide practical recommendations for increasing environmental consciousness in the society. The purpose of the article is to emphasize the importance of targeted scientific and practical efforts in using the knowledge of environmental psychology to improve the conscious perception of environmental threats and stimulate sustainable environmental behavior. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the combination of a theoretical overview of the main concepts of environmental psychology with an experimental research to study the level of conscious perception of environmental threats among respondents. In addition, the article focuses on understanding the interconnection between the concepts of environmental psychology and their role in the formation of environmental consciousness. The obtained results of the study reveal the level of understanding of the respondents of the basic concepts of environmental psychology, which can be of practical importance for the development of programs and interventions aimed at increasing the level of environmental consciousness and changing behavior. Such a comprehensive approach to the study and understanding of environmental psychology contributes to the expansion of knowledge in the field of environmental psychology and the identification of ways to improve human interaction with the environment. The article examines the role of environmental psychology in the formation of environmental consciousness and conscious perception of environmental threats. Using the testing method, the level of understanding of the main concepts of environmental psychology among the participants was determined. The results showed a low level of understanding of some concepts, which indicates the need for increased consciousness and education about environmental issues. This article contributes to the field of environmental psychology by combining a theoretical overview with an experimental study that is important for the further development of programs and interventions aimed at increasing the level of conscious perception of environmental threats and the formation of environmental consciousness.

Retrospective analysis of scientific and psychological concepts of domestic violence

It is emphasised that in connection with the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine, new risk factors for the increase in domestic violence have emerged, among which the most significant are fear, uncertainty; a sense of helplessness and confusion; socio-economic instability and job loss; forced displacement and loss of a safe environment and established interpersonal space; disruption of family dynamics and relationships; increased alcohol and drug use; easy access to various types of weapons; and the emergence of post-traumatic stress syndrome.
 It is noted that modern science considers domestic violence through the prism of existing approaches that explain the causes of its occurrence and peculiarities of its course.
 The first approach, the socio-cultural approach, focuses on the analysis of social structures, cultural norms and values of society as factors of domestic violence. It focuses on the impact of social factors and structures, as well as family relationships, on the management of the atmosphere of violence. The approach sees the main cause of domestic violence and violence against women as the so-called male dominance in social relations, the lack of gender equality, and the existence of established patriarchal norms that contribute to violence.
 The next individual psychological approach considers concepts that explain violence by human nature and focuses on the study of the personality traits of the perpetrator and the victim. Proponents of this approach emphasise that there are certain innate inclinations and instincts that push people to violence.
 Representatives of the systemic-family approach focus on the study of interaction, communication dynamics, conflict resolution processes in the family and ways of reconciliation that exist between its members. Violence is caused by various physical, moral, aesthetic, and economic constraints. According to scientists, violence is associated with the use of deliberate physical, psychological, financial and material pressure on a person, as most cases of domestic violence intersect with psychological pressure and exploitation.
 Representatives of the sociological approach note that violence is a general social phenomenon and it is a consequence of the clash of various interests manifested at different levels of its development, i.e. violence is socioculturally determined.
 The most widely accepted today is the ecological theory of violence, which explains domestic violence by considering the problem from different aspects through the prism of the mutual influence of four systems on human development: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem.
 Therefore, despite the war, it is necessary to continue work on prevention and appropriate response to domestic violence, and understanding the essence and content of existing theoretical concepts of violence is one of the components of countering this phenomenon.

The Importance of Personality Psychology in the Study of Prosocial Consumer Attitudes – Implications for Research in the Field of Socially Responsible Marketing

Theoretical background: This article is based, regarding the theoretical foundations, on selected issues of behavioral economy and economic psychology, which question the classical assumptions of the homo oeconomicus concept and the standard approach to studying the consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Purpose of the article: The system of individual and socially shared consumer values undergoes evolutionary changes in the modern, turbulent socio-economic reality. The thesis has been put forward that in the post-pandemic realities, because of the re-evaluation of given values, psychological factors play an increasingly important role in shaping pro-social consumer attitudes, and the consumer’s personality largely determines favorable attitudes towards socially responsible marketing initiatives. The article is conceptual in nature. It provides a theoretical background for the authors’ planned empirical research. The main objective of this paper is to define the new research areas for socially responsible marketing, in which personality psychology could play a significant role in identifying consumers’ pro-social attitudes. Research methods: Given the need for an interdisciplinary approach to studying consumers’ pro-social attitudes, a review was conducted of the literature on the subject concerning the behavioral economy and economic psychology, with a special emphasis on the issue of personality. Main findings: The literature studies and observation of the socio-economic reality aimed at identifying new direction of empirical research in socially responsible marketing. Four main research areas were proposed to which the appropriate marketing types were assigned: post-COVID reality (social marketing and cause-related marketing); healthcare (social marketing); the reality of war (social marketing and cause-related marketing; ecology – green marketing). The empirical studies based on personality psychology in the areas indicated above could refer to the concept of goal-oriented behavior psychology and the Five Factor Model.

Metafory produkcji jako przykład metaforycznej dehumanizacji uniwersytetu w prasowym dyskursie wokół reformy nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego (2011–2014)

The present text, part of a broader study of the public discourse around university reform, concerns a group of cognitively understood metaphors, herein referred to as production metaphors. The perspective for their interpretation is determined by the title concept of dehumanisation, which discursively can manifest itself through terms considered synonymous or within an extended description of reality. It is therefore purposeful to identify the constituent features of dehumanisation, which is served, among other things, by Nick Haslam’s psychological conception of its types and components. The presentation of the dehumanisation of the university through the metaphor of production leads to an indication of the areas in which this potential manifests itself, as well as the conceptual relationships between specific manifestations of dehumanisation.

Når spiritualitet blir kroppslig

Spiritual awakening is becoming a common phenomenon in alternative spiritual communities and is no longer exclusive to a small elite of religious saints and disciples. There is limited research on spiritual experiences outside religious contexts in the Nordic countries. While relevant theological research exists on religious experiences in Christian contexts, much of the research on alternative spirituality is based on outsider perspectives that miss out on the deeper psychological phenomena experienced by “spiritual, but not religious” individuals. This article is based on three qualitative interviews with individuals in contemporary spiritual communities in Norway who have experienced spontaneous spiritual awakenings and speak openly about this. Focus is on the experience of altered states of consciousness, intense feelings of love, and physical energies in the body, which lead to permanent psychological transformation. Starting with a review of relevant Norwegian and Swedish research in the field, we apply a theoretical approach drawn from humanistic and transpersonal psychology to make sense of our interviewees’ experiences, and then discuss how these cases of embodied spiritual transformation differ from religious conversion and are better understood in terms of psychological concepts of trauma healing, self-actualization and human potential.

Study on Adolescent Psychological Education and Coping Strategies of Involution Environment

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between adolescent psychological education and involution environment, and put forward and discuss the corresponding coping strategies. In the environment of involution, teenagers face great academic pressure and fierce competition, which poses great challenges to their mental health. The involution environment has a profound negative impact on teenagers' psychology, including academic anxiety, social tension and excessive pursuit of external recognition. Psychological education has been proved to be an important way to alleviate the environmental impact of involution. Encouraging diversified development and strengthening emotional education can cultivate teenagers' comprehensive ability and emotional management skills, so that they can better cope with challenges. Advocating social concern has been proved to be an effective strategy to adjust teenagers' psychological concepts. by participating in community service and social media guidance, we can cultivate teenagers' comprehensive literacy and help alleviate the psychological pressure brought by the involution environment. This study puts forward a set of comprehensive strategies for adolescent psychological education and coping with involution environment, including diversified development, emotional education, home-school cooperation and social concern. The comprehensive application of these strategies is expected to provide more comprehensive support for teenagers, promote them to adapt to the involution environment more actively, and cultivate future citizens with comprehensive literacy.

Holden with Jonah Complex: A Humanistic Psychoanalysis of The Catcher in the Rye

J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye (1987) explores the inner world of a 16-year-old middle school teenager, Holden Caulfield, during the three days he spends wandering from school to New York City. The anger and anxiety displayed in the protagonist strike a strong chord among young readers. Jonah, a surprising prophet in the Old Testament, refuses to follow God’s behest to prophesy in Nineveh and instead flees in the opposite direction. Abraham Maslow, a 20th-century American psychologist, draws inspiration from this narrative and develops the concept known as Jonah Complex, which he defines as the fear of one’s own greatness and the evasion of one’s own best potential. This article aims to analyze the character of Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye by drawing a comparison to the biblical story of Jonah and incorporating the psychological concept of Jonah Complex. By examining these elements together, it will be argued that Holden Caulfield exhibits symptoms of Jonah Complex, resulting in his fear of growth and his avoidance and disregard for his own prospect. Significantly, this study will draw from Abraham Maslow’s theories feasible solutions for addressing Holden’s Jonah Complex and ultimately achieving his self-actualization. Meanwhile, the paper will provide for teenagers like Holden with conducive significance as to one’s psychological health and personal growth.

Emotional intelligence among teenagers. Comparative study

Emotional intelligence is a psychological concept with a particular importance for each of us, and studies on this topic have gained considerable momentum. However, studies that aimed at identifying differences between males and females are contradictory. This paper aims to see if there are differences between genders regarding emotional intelligence. A sample of 60 adolescents between the ages of 16 and 20 was studied. The results, like most in the literature, showed that there was no difference between genders regarding emotional intelligence. Finally, we discussed possible explanations, conclusions, and future research directions.

Methodological foundations of the continuity of teaching the physics course in the "school-university" system

Relevance. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that ensuring the continuity of education plays an important role in the modernisation of the education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan and requires a detailed study of the updated content of physics lessons in the "school-university" structure. Purpose. The primary aim is to analyze the methodological foundations for ensuring continuity in physics education within the "school-university" system in Kazakhstan. This involves examining the educational standards and practices at both school and university levels to identify and implement effective methods for seamless educational progression. Methodology. The methodological basis of this study was formed by psychological, philosophical and pedagogical concepts of cognition of the educational process, and methodological foundations of physics and definitions of didactics, achievements and directions of theory and teaching methods of the modern physics course. Results. The study reveals a need for methodological adjustments in teaching physics to ensure a coherent educational trajectory from school to university. Key findings include the significance of developing educational programs that foster scientific thinking, adapt to students' physiological development, and incorporate modern technological advancements. The analysis also underscores the importance of interdisciplinary integration and the cultivation of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. Conclusions. The materials of this article can be used by teachers of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan to prepare materials for teaching physics. The presented material may also be of interest to students in the direction of "Natural science disciplines" during preparation for seminars and practical classes that are preparing to teach physics as a science in the future.

Women's Empowerment and Participation in Islamic Financial Planning Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: Evidence from Maqasid al-Shari`ah

The study places a strong emphasis on women’s empowerment, given the quick changes in society that are occurring right now. Many women are pursuing various sorts of employment, including self-employment, in this era of economic liberalization and women's empowerment. However, this study aims to investigate the connection between Islam and women's empowerment by examining Maqasid al-Shari'ah perspectives on this matter. To have a thorough understanding of Islam and women's empowerment, it is imperative to consider the role played by women in the financial sector and their contribution to economic progress. Using an experiment, this study examined the relationship between confidence, gender, and race in dealing with a financial planner among various groups and races with colour and creed. The study's implications are significant for comprehending the obstacles and chances that under-represented groups encounter in pursuing financial planning success. The alignment of industry measures to raise the proportion of women and persons from varied backgrounds in the financial services sector led to the focus of this study on women and diversity. This essay examines the primary factors influencing diversity and the place of women in various financial management, CSR, and external corporate governance roles. This research also focuses on women's leadership and social diversity, focusing on female managers committed to fostering and maintaining equity and diversity inside their organizations. This study demonstrates how women plan financially for retirement based on psychological concepts and sociodemographic variables, highlighting the importance of financial management and planning for women. It showed a strong correlation between the investor's choice of investments and the strong relationship between the women's decision-making processes on the mental and financial levels. To assess the core idea of Maqasid al-Shari’ah from primary and secondary Islamic knowledge sources, which serves as a model for women's empowerment, and to pinpoint the obstacles to women's empowerment and participation in Islamic financial planning in terms of diversity, equity, and inclusion, this study employs the qualitative method.

Editorial

Editorial

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Media Addiction Among Teenagers in Indonesia

Body dissatisfaction and social media addiction are two psychological problems that are often experienced by teenagers. Body dissatisfaction is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's negative feelings towards his body. Several studies have shown that the higher level of body dissatisfaction, the higher the tendency of social media addiction in adolescents. Individuals tend to compare themselves with others through their appearance on social media, thereby reducing their appreciation of their own body shape and becoming more insecure. These conditions can affect a person's overall mental and physical health. This literature review aims to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers in Indonesia. This literature review was conducted using the keywords “body dissatisfaction AND social media addiction AND teenagers”. This article uses 28 articles that were used as references in its preparation. In conclusion, based on research conducted in various countries, including Indonesia, there is a significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers. Teenagers who are dissatisfied with their physical appearance tend to use social media more frequently, and excessive use of social media can increase the risk of both body dissatisfaction and social media addiction.

Overview of Foreign Language Learning from Fiki Naki: Efforts to Find Alternative Concepts and Methods for Arabic Learning in the Digital Age

This study aims to describe the concepts and methods of learning foreign languages from Fiki Naki (FN) in the digital age. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The data collection method used in this study is Grounded Theory. Data collection used Library research instruments or Visual Material Review. The research library used eight YouTube videos of interviews with FN and FN's answers to several questions from his fans and used other media sources. The data analysis uses four stages: Codes, Sub-Categories, Categories, and Theory. This study concludes that the FN learning model is suitable for adaptation to foreign language learning to use a foreign language in simple conversation with a native speaker of the target language, not for academic purposes. The concept of learning FN consists of two: psychological and non-psychological. Psychological learning concepts include Learning by fun, high determination and consistency, confidence in using Language, and Self-Regulated Learning. The concepts of non-psychological Learning include Autodidact, intensive Learning, direct language practice, imaginary conversation with oneself and practice it with native speakers, mastery of vocabulary and phrases with keyword strategies, and effective use of online media. At the same time, the learning method that FN uses is a communicative method with several learning techniques, including a focus on listening and speaking skills, using Mnemonic techniques in vocabulary mastery, and conjugation mastery techniques. The novelty of this research is the description of FN's foreign language learning concepts and methods in self-taught foreign language learning. The researchers recommend analyzing and implementing FN's concepts and learning methods in learning Arabic as a foreign language.

Scaffolding Strategy and Gender Influence in Learning Social Psychology Concepts

The concept of scaffolding has consistently been a widely explored subject in the field of educational psychology. Though a great number of research had been done in science education, there was little known about social science. To address this gap, the current study examined the interplay between gender and scaffolding on students learning of social psychology concepts. One hypothesis was that women would do better in understanding the target concept of the mere exposure effect than men did. Another hypothesis was that participants who were exposed to the scaffolding scenario designed to provide prior knowledge would be more resilient to learning the concept. In a sample of 47 young learners recruited online, aged from under 18 to 26, an anonymous online survey was used to test participants comprehension, and the results were interpreted using ANOVA analysis. Unfortunately, the results showed no significant effects of gender and scaffolding on participants understanding of the given concept. Further discussion about the possible influential factors and suggestions for future research were mentioned at the end.

Review of Stephen K. Levine’s Philosophy of Expressive Arts Therapy: Poiesis and the Therapeutic Imagination. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2019

This article reviews Stephen K. Levine’s 2019 book, Philosophy of Expressive Arts Therapy: Poiesis and the Therapeutic Imagination. The book, complete with poetry and anecdotes is connected to larger concepts in psychology, phenomenology and philosophy. The article summarizes the books contents and offers a review from the perspective of phenomenology and the expressive art practice.