Concept Of Inheritance Research Articles

Najmuddīn Al-Tūfī's Thoughts on The Dynamics of Inheritance Law 2:1 Perspective of Maṣlaḥah

Islamic hereditary law in the reality of human life demands legal dynamism to vouch for the flexibility and adaptability of genetic law following the characteristics of modern Muslim societies. This article elaborates on the dynamics of the 2: 1 inheritance law between heirs, male and women, from the perspective of the maṣlaḥah of Najmuddīn al-Ṭūfī. To analyze the conception of inheritance 2:1 division, this study attempts to dissect it with the theory of maṣlaḥah Najmuddīn al-Ṭūfī. The studies and analysis have been discovered, resulting in the conclusion that the dynamics of the 2: 1 hereditary law has been subject to embodying the benefits properly. In the view of Najmuddīn al-Ṭūfī, the help is the goal of sharia, even the highest argument if it is contradicted between text and maṣlaḥah. This view, when applied to the verse of the Holy Qur'an, An Nisa (4): 11, will open up opportunities for responsive reinterpretation. Based on this concept, it is understood that deviating from the law of text in the distribution of inheritance is permissible to create benefits for the heirs and avoid disputes.

PEMBARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM: Studi Kasus Hukum Waris di Somalia

Abstract: This article aims to examine one of the phenomena that emerged in the Muslim world in the 20th century, namely the renewal of family law in Muslim-majority countries. This article focuses on the study of inheritance law reform in Somalia. By using a legal political approach, this article examines several important issues, i.e.,: the model of inheritance law reform in Somalia, the reasons that led to the revolutionary change from the concept of Islamic inheritance in general, and and the factors that influence these changes. In general, this study shows that in the reform of family law in Somalia, there are several rules that are not much different from the concept of the imam of the school of thought, but there are also several legal rules that are quite far from the conceot of conventional, especially the legal rules related to inheritance.

Kontroversi ’Aul dalam Hukum Waris Islam dan Praktiknya di Indonesia

This study aims to uncover the controversy of 'aul in the concept of Islamic inheritance' and the method of the majority of scholars in tarjīh this problem and how it is practiced in Indonesia. This research is a qualitativeresearch with a normative juridical approach that focuses on literature review and comparative analysis. The results of the study found that 'Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb viewed that the concept of 'aul was a solution to the problem of inheritance which experienced an increase or excess in the origin of the problem which was not sufficiently divided among all heirs. As for 'Abdullah bin 'Abbās mentioned that if the inheritance is not enough to be distributed to all the heirs, then the one who has the strongest position among the heirs will take precedence over the inheritance rights. The majority of scholars then determined the solution to the inheritance problem that experienced 'aul by interpreting the words of 'Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb, namely using the concept of 'aul. Then it was found that the application of the problem of 'aul in inheritance in Indonesia is considered still not optimal and even barely implemented. This is triggered by several factors including not too interested in the community and not yet aware of the importance of applying sharia law in inheritance issues. This research is expected to contribute thinking and education as a complement and valuable solution for inheritance problems in the Muslim community.

The Foundations of the Unworthy Heir Rule in Romania

Within the Civilian legal tradition, the unworthy heir rule has been established on both objective and subjective grounds. In France, the Code Napoleon enshrined said rule as a creation of law, without the deceased having any say in its operation. The Napoleonic model was later borrowed into the civil codes of Italy and Romania, thus expanding the doctrine of an objective unworthiness to their legal systems. Nevertheless, the Romanian Civil Code of 2009 empowered the deceased to remove said penalty through an explicit pardon. Since this new prerogative is a distinctive feature of the subjective foundation, the reform has rather significant implications for Romanian succession law. Essentially, the authors argue that the unworthy heir rule has always been founded upon a mixture of public policy and private interest, with the only variable being the dominating factor. Within the broader field of succession law, the legislator aims to achieve balance between the imperative nature of public policy and freedom of testation on the one hand, and between the private interests of the deceased and his family on the other. Whilst the Civil Code of 2009 does restore the Roman notion of an unworthiness subordinated to the deceased’s intention, it also preserves the public policy foundation. Its real merit consists of acknowledging that the very concept of inheritance is based upon the presumed intention of the deceased: an unworthy heir forfeits his right to inherit the deceased as a result of breaching the bond of affection which is presumed to exist between them, yet only the latter can have the final say in this matter. In contrast, the Civil Code of 1864 failed to achieve such a balance since it transplanted an ideologized public policy, residue of the French Revolution.

Small RNAs in epigenetic inheritance: from mechanisms to trait transmission.

Inherited information is transmitted to progeny primarily by the genome through the gametes. However, in recent years, epigenetic inheritance has been demonstrated in several organisms, including animals. Although it is clear that certain post‐translational histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs regulate epigenetic inheritance, the molecular mechanisms responsible for epigenetic inheritance are incompletely understood. This review focuses on the role of small RNAs in transmitting epigenetic information across generations in animals. Examples of documented cases of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance are discussed, from the silencing of transgenes to the inheritance of complex traits, such as fertility, stress responses, infections, and behavior. Experimental evidence supporting the idea that small RNAs are epigenetic molecules capable of transmitting traits across generations is highlighted, focusing on the mechanisms by which small RNAs achieve such a function. Just as the role of small RNAs in epigenetic processes is redefining the concept of inheritance, so too our understanding of the molecular pathways and mechanisms that govern epigenetic inheritance in animals is radically changing.

ISLĀTTIL PEṆKAḶIṈ PORUḶĀTĀRA URIMAIKAḶ: ORU ILAKKIYA MĪḶĀYVU [ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The discourse on economic rights of the woman is one of issues spoken today. Islam as code of the life expands in its all aspects, addresses genuine concern about economic rights of the woman. This paper aimed at examining the Islamic perspective on the women economic rights based on review of prevailing literatures and textual sources of Islam. Building a natural and balanced human society is primary mission of Islam through its divine guidance. Islam recognizes the natural abilities of both male and female and assigns their roles in a society. In Islamic social system both genders have their own and unique roles in human development in the meantime both have their rights. The Islamic perspective on economic rights of the woman is derived its basics from the interpretation of the Islamic textual sources primarily al-Qur’an and historical experience of model Islamic society in early Islamic period. The concepts of inheritance, mahr etc. in practice ensure the distribution of wealth to female proportion of the Muslim community and enable them to maintain and involve in the growth.

Studies in object-oriented programming backbone implementations

This work is a combination of conceptual and hands on based study aimed at laying a foundation for practical Object-Oriented software construction. First it presents a conceptual study of a number of backbone concepts of modern Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) languages. Secondly, it attempts to demonstrate real-life implementations of these concepts using Python Programming Language. This work touches on practical issues on Class and Object Creation, especially on the syntax and creation, and demystifies the subject matter using a simple table of rules. The OOP concept of Inheritance was studied, with focus on the three major types of inheritance. The self-argument, and constructors were studied, with focus on the three constructors - default, parameterized, and non-parameterized constructors. A brief discussion, and pictorial illustration was also made on the disparity between normal mathematical functions and OOP method calls. Further areas of studies are the concept of overriding between the parent and child class, as well as the OOP puzzle commonly known as Diamond Problem, including code segment and diagrammatic illustration of Python-based solutions. There are a number of other back-bone concepts in OOP not covered in this study, such as Encapsulation, Abstraction, Meta-Programming, among others, which will form areas of focus in future studies. Effort was made to enhance the overall presentation through practical illustrations using source codes, annotated diagrams, and discussions. It is hoped that this work will be very useful to researchers and other practitioners in Object Oriented implementations.

PEMBARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM (Studi Kasus Hukum Waris di Somalia)

This article aims to examine one of the phenomena that emerged in the Muslim world in the 20th century, namely the renewal of family law in Muslim-majority countries. This article focuses on the study of inheritance law reform in Somalia. By using a legal political approach, this article examines several important issues, i.e.,: the model of inheritance law reform in Somalia, the reasons that led to the revolutionary change from the concept of Islamic inheritance in general, and and the factors that influence these changes. In general, this study shows that in the reform of family law in Somalia, there are several rules that are not much different from the concept of the imam of the school of thought, but there are also several legal rules that are quite far from the conceot of conventional, especially the legal rules related to inheritance.

A Four-tier Test to Identify Students’ Conceptions in Inheritance Concepts

Identification of students' conceptions is an important step before developing suitable learning methods to improve students' understanding. One of the best way to identify students’ conception is the use of diagnostic test. Therefore, the development of diagnostic tests were important in the teaching and learning process to help the teacher determine the students’ conceptions, wheater they have scientific conceptions, lack of knowledge, or misconception. The aim of this research is to develop a valid and reliable four-tier diagnostic test to identify students’ conceptions in inheritance. The research method consists of three main stages: define content, obtaine information about students’ conception, and develop the four-tier test. The result from the research demonstrated that the four-tier test that was developed, was valid and reliable instrument in diagnosing students’ conception in inheritance concepts.

Metode Hitungan Bagian Banci dalam Waris Islam: Analisis dan Praktik

The concept of Islamic inheritance always proposes justice and the principle of benefit. The contradiction of age and the performance of body shaping does not become the standars in dividing inheritance. The differentiate between men and women often becomes chatter in controversy discussion. While, the hermaphrodit or khuntha sometimes are forgetten. In Islamic inheritance view, the hermaphrodit has a special portion and get portion, so this research’s aim to describe the counting methode of hermaphrodit portion in Islamic inheritence. The method is qualitative with the library research. Describing about the hermaphrodit al portion position and counting theirs portion as detail as possible. As the result in this research, the hermaphrodit are ddivided in to two parts; first, before they adult, they were called as khuntha mushkil al-raja’ (whom are still can not determine the gender and they still have hope), second, khuntha mushkil thula hayatihi (the hermaphrodit for their whole life and have no hope). Then, the hermaphrodit is counted for twice. Counting as the men and as the women. The hermaphrodit get a half of men inheritance and a half from women inheritance. Cause, the problem of both of counting of hermaphrodit portion times with the number two as a formula, until the value of the hermaphrodit inheritance is in the middle of men and women.

Coordination in theory extension: how Reichenbach can help us understand endogenization in evolutionary biology

Reichenbach’s early solution to the scientific problem of how abstract mathematical representations can successfully express real phenomena is rooted in his view of coordination. In this paper, I claim that a Reichenbach-inspired, ‘layered’ view of coordination provides us with an effective tool to systematically analyse some epistemic and conceptual intricacies resulting from a widespread theorising strategy in evolutionary biology, recently discussed by Okasha (2018) as ‘endogenization’. First, I argue that endogenization is a form of extension of natural selection theory that comprises three stages: quasi-axiomatisation, functional extension, and semantic extension. Then, I argue that the functional extension of one core principle of natural selection theory, namely, the principle of heritability, requires the semantic extension of the concept of inheritance. This is because the semantic extension of ‘inheritance’ is necessary to establish a novel form of coordination between the principle of heritability and the extended domain of phenomena that it is supposed to represent. Finally, I suggest that—despite the current lack of consensus on the right semantic extension of ‘inheritance’—we can fruitfully understand the reconceptualization of ‘inheritance’ provided by niche construction theorists as the result of a novel form of coordination.

A Comprehensive Study on Scope and Challenges in Digital Inheritance

We are living our life online more and more nowadays. We access internet banking, investments online and into communication with our family and friends through various social media and other means over the internet. In this context it is becoming more and more important that what happens to our digital existence after our death. In the process of digital inheritance, digital media is handed over to the beneficiaries in the form of rights and digital assets understanding the rights that exist with the beneficiaries after a person's death. As the digital inheritance concept is quite fresh, substantial legal systems are yet to be established to deal with matters after our death. It is for that reason the websites who govern the act of the users. It is clear that a comprehensive legal arrangement is necessary to address this important issue of digital inheritance and hopefully this will be dealt with by the various Governments across the world in due course. This paper explains the concept of Digital Inheritance and explores the various options social media services provide for managing a deceased user’s data.[1] An effort is also made to suggest that Digital Will may be a choice to address this problem.

Economic Impacts of the of Inheritance System in Islam

    Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions, This study under the title “The Economic Impacts of the of Inheritance System in Islam” aims to illustrate the economic effects of Inheritance System in Islam. It includes an introduction, three sections and a conclusion.  The first section: the concept of Islamic economy, its characteristics and objectives are outlined. The concept of inheritance, and its provisions are stated in section two. Finally, section three clarified the economic effects of inheritance in Islam. The main findings of this research are: Under the Islamic Inheritance System, the private wealth will be fragmented quietly without inequality, violence or revolution. for the sake of prevent accumulate wealth among a few people. The Islamic Inheritance System has vital role in the economic growth and market, because the heirs are running the wealth in the market. The most important economic objectives of the system of inheritance in Islam: preservation of the wealth from waste and loss, because Islamic law pus limitation for disposing wealth by heir and do not allow the heir to act in all his wealth and more than the limit of the third before his death. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate poverty. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate or reduce unemployment. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam redistribution of funds and economic reorganization.

Konsep Waris Anak Angkat dalam Wasiat Wajibah Perspektif KHI dan Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili


 
 
 
 When a human couple performs a marriage, then both are not blessed with a child. One way for the couple is to adopt a child, the law is fine as long as it fulfills the conditions prescribed by religion. This was done by the Prophet Muhammad. Adoption of children must meet state requirements, namely through court channels. Because something related to the rules certainly has a positive impact on the public, namely maslahah ummah. There are several legal consequences when someone is adopted as a child, one of which is if one of the adoptive parents or the adopted child has died there is an appreciation given by one of them. The author conducted this research to describe the concept of wills for adopted children in the distribution of inheritance according to KHI and Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili. The author in this study uses the analytical approach research method, namely an approach that is carried out by analyzing the thoughts of a character in this case Prof. Zuhaili, and its comparison with KHI. The conclusion found in this study is the wills of the compulsory will be something very new in Islam, especially when it comes to adopted children. Therefore, the concept of inheritance for adopted children is in the form of a mandatory will, which has been stipulated in the Islamic Law Compilation that a will when it is not disclosed by the adoptive parents, the adopted child will still receive a will, at most a third of the assets of the adoptive parents. Meanwhile, Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili stated that the will is obligatory for relatives and parents (people who are related by blood) because they are prevented from inheriting.
 
 
 

PEWARISAN PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL PADA ANAK USIA DINI SEBAGAI SARANA REKREATIF, KOMPETITIF DAN EDUKATIF

Culture as a community heritage handed down from generation to generation. Inheritance of character values in children becoming a fundamental requirement for the foundation of a child to adulthood. Traditional games as a legacy of the archipelago are starting to fade among the melenial generation, the flow of digital technology is the main factor in traditional games being abandoned. Children are more love to play the gadget, online games, internet, social media, ticktock, and youtube. Melenial generation began not familiar with the heritage of traditional games developed in the community. The purpose of this study to describe the concept of inheritance of traditional games in early childhood. The method used qualitative methods using the technique of interview, observation and documentation. The results of the study illustrate that traditional games provide recreational, competitive, and educational values for early childhood, as a means of physical motor development for children.

Cambios en el sistema de residencia, los grupos domésticos y la familia en Lacanjá Chansayab desde la teoría de control cultural

The matrilocal system of residence of the Lacandons of Lacanjá Chansayab, Chiapas, has been described by several authors as a fundamental cultural element that is still conserved. This system is associated to the social reproduction of the ethnic group and the sustainability of the Lacandon jungle. This form of organization transcends the residence group and combines the domestic group and the family. Through ethnography, this research shows how this form of organization, called vejo’ovex, has changed towards ambilocality. The article aims to discuss the causes and implications of such change which is framed in the theory of cultural control, focused on the material elements associated with territory and home. Three triggers of change are identified, the sedentary and subsequent land titling in the 70s, the immigration of Lacandons from other areas, and the conformation of family businesses dedicated to ecotourism. Among the conclusions found, the elements: territory, vejo’ovex and work, transit between appropriated culture to alienated culture, linked with transformations in the concepts of inheritance, property, residence, and family.

Multidimensional Interpretation of exaggerated language in modern folk painting

artistic creation contains different degrees of exaggeration, which can reflect the laws and characteristics of artistic creation under different cultural backgrounds, and interpret the exaggeration language of modern folk painting from multiple dimensions. From each stage of the development of modern folk painting, understand the current development status of modern folk painting. According to the two aspects of painting modeling and layout, this paper analyzes the role of exaggerated language in modern folk painting, which can form unique expression forms of different styles and characters. In the three directions of emotion and color concept expression, modeling and composition mode selection, inheritance concept and development trend, this paper interprets the exaggerated language of modern folk painting from multiple dimensions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research of modern folk painting.

Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance and the Weismann Barrier: The Dawn of Neo-Lamarckian Theory.

For the past 120 years, the Weismann barrier and associated germ plasm theory of heredity have been a doctrine that has impacted evolutionary biology and our concepts of inheritance through the germline. Although August Weismann in his 1872 book was correct that the sperm and egg were the only cells to transmit molecular information to the subsequent generation, the concept that somatic cells do not impact the germline (i.e., the Weismann barrier) is incorrect. However, the doctrine or dogma of the Weismann barrier still influences many scientific fields and topics. The discovery of epigenetics, and more recently environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation and pathology, have had significant impacts on evolution theory and medicine today. Environmental epigenetics and the concept of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance refute aspects of the Weismann barrier and require a re-evaluation of both inheritance theory and evolution theory.

GENDER IN ISLAMIC INHERITANCE

This article examines a debate on gender equality, which is considered by some to be in conflict with the Qur’an, an-Nisa [4]:11. Using a philosophical approach and analyzing Sa‘ id Ramadan al-Buti’s concept of inheritance in his Al-Mar’ah Bayna Tughyan al-Nizam al-Gharbi wa Lata’if al-Tashri’ al-Rabbani, this paper tries to refute this allegation and offers a more gender-friendly interpretation. For al-Buti, the verse has actually liberated women because the provisions are caused by the responsibilities imposed by Islam on men as prospective husbands, not on women. On the contrary, if women are more empowered than men, that becomes a moral issue, not a shari’a one. Women have been given freedom by the shari’a in order to determine their choice to participate in bringing about stability in life. A condition that women are more empowered than men will not be the cause of changes in the shari’a’s provisions concerning inheritance.

Extending the Genotype in Brachypodium by Including DNA Methylation Reveals a Joint Contribution with Genetics on Adaptive Traits.

Epigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modeling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of DNA methylation variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation toward heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.