Concept Of Human Security Research Articles

Rethinking Human Security Through Feminist Lenses

At the beginning of the 2000s, the increased salience of the concept of human security was a welcome development both in academic and policy circles. Problematizing the state's central role as the principal object of security allowed human beings' security needs and concerns to be put in front and center, at least in theory, if not necessarily in practice. The increasing traction the concept got also allowed several non-traditional security threats, such as environment, health and migration, to be approached through security lenses and put on security agendas. Despite the burgeoning literature and the notable frequency at which the concept of human security got incorporated into policy discussions, it has lost, at least partially, its analytical traction and policy saliency. The lack of a clear definition as well as vague and tactical use of the concept by policymakers have raised concerns about the human security concept turning into an empty signifier. While the human security concept was welcome by some feminist approaches, it is also criticized by others. This article aims to discuss the human security concept through different feminist perspectives and understand its adaptability in the field based on a comparative interpretive analysis of feminist foreign policy initiatives by Sweden, Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, Spain, Chile and Luxembourg. To realize this aim, we analyze the conceptualization and implementation of feminist foreign policies and how they put the human security approach into practice. We seek to problematize how feminist foreign policies tackle the ambiguities and limitations within the human security framework, and to what degree these policies confront or maintain current power dynamics and state-centered security models. We argue that feminist foreign policies do highlight the problems related to gender equality and contribute to their solutions, but do not challenge patriarchy and the power relations behind it. As such, while they contribute to better implementation of human security as a guiding principle for foreign policy, conventional foreign policy concerns limit the change they can create on the ground.

Understanding the Dynamics of Human Security, Terrorism and Sustainable Peace in Pakistan

Human security has been succeeded by national security, particularly in the interest of protecting the public, economy, food, health and environment and particularly due to the fear of terrorism. Questions of human security and terrorism trouble the Asian community enormously, particularly in the post-9/11 era. For those living in tribal areas of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, may face events of violence, crime, brutality, terrorist attacks and insecurity any time. Nations like Pakistan, Afghanistan and India are always at unexpected hazard of conflict emerging to serious threats of terrorism and instability. While other states enjoy their peaceful environment. Therefore, weaker states have serious shortcomings that call for global investigation and commitment. Throughout history, when aggressive conflict took place, security became a dream. Similarly, Pakistanis have suffered a lot due to the events of terrorism. Human security may perform as a systematic and calculated type of protection for entire community that is basically connected with multiple areas of the individual’s security, security of groups and society in general as compare to previous methods for protection from external threats. The present article is based on content analysis and it addresses the practices of human security to promote sustainable peace and highlight the challenges posed by terrorism in Pakistan. The concept of human security is focused and discussed at different scales and with reference to emerging threats from it. Moving through from broader to narrower definitions, it can be treated as the security of individual, or as the security of community and society.

К вопросу о моделировании системы обеспечения безопасности человека в российской Арктике

The research objective of this article is to develop an optimal model for a human security system in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). This topic has gained particular relevance as the focus of Arctic exploration has shifted to include human interests, needs, concerns, and threats to human security. Despite this shift, the concept of human security has not yet been incorporated into the strategic documents of the Russian Federation that outline development priorities for the AZRF, nor into practical policies at the federal, regional, or municipal levels. This study employs qualitative methods of systems modeling and elements of quantitative analysis to create a human security index for the AZRF. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the existing human security system in the AZRF, identifying the key elements of the management mechanism, their interrelationships, and the challenges in the mechanism's functioning. Based on this analysis, specific recommendations are proposed to optimize the structure of public administration in this area and to improve the effectiveness of interactions between government structures, businesses, and civil society organizations (including indigenous peoples' organizations) operating in the AZRF. Additionally, the study develops a set of specific indicators describing various aspects of the human security system in the region. In accordance with UN recommendations, these indicators are classified into seven groups, covering economic, food, health, environmental, personal, cultural, linguistic, and political aspects of human security. Using these indicators, the study proposes to create a human security index for the Russian Arctic. This index will enable the monitoring of human security trends in the AZRF and inform adjustments to government policy in this area.

Promoting Peace and Conceptualizing Human Security Diplomacy

Abstract This article draws on the concept of human security and argues that it can serve as a foundational doctrine within the fields of peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The chapter comprises three main parts which include 1) an introduction to the concept of human security; 2) a call for greater accountability and a strengthening of the duty to care across the peacebuilding landscape to counterbalance the militarization of peacekeeping; and finally 3) a proposal for what we call ‘human security diplomacy’ and the role that Canada can play as a middle power struggling to find its role within the nexus of these different strands. While human security has been a foundational principal of the United Nations for decades, the authors are particularly interested in how countries advance principles of peacebuilding in a globalized world to provide a more practical, rather than just suggested theoretical relationship, in terms developing a stronger identity through the lens of a new approach which we call human security diplomacy.

Global Governance, Human Security, and unpko s

Abstract The process of international organization has fundamentally, even though not exclusively, been to address the problem of interstate war. The institutionalization of multilateral security cooperation at the global level, under first the League of Nations (albeit a false dawn), and more recently and successfully, the UN system, has contributed significantly to the resolution of existing conflicts and the generation of a more peaceful international society. UN peacekeeping operations (unpko s), viewed traditionally as forces placed between parties to a conflict with the aim of preventing future breakdowns of peace and security, have played a major part. International organization can further, however, be seen as a transitional process from the international anarchic conditions which generate conflict, towards the aspiration of global governance, whereby states are actively brought together to solve common problems, reconcile conflicting interests, and generate collective good. At the intersection of the three pillars of the UN (Security, Development, and Human Rights), we find the concept of human security, which, despite being essentially contested, has become increasingly prominent not only at the organisation, but also in terms of policy prescription for other actors. This human-centring in global governance has impacted unpko s through a more complex role for peacekeepers, including, but not limited to, the expansion of conditions under which deadly force may be used, the protection of civilians and vulnerable groups in conflict affected societies, and peacebuilding, even state-building activities. These developments are not without their critics. This article, therefore, addresses first the evolution of the human security paradigm within the UN’s global governance mission. It then turns to the growing impact of human security upon unpko s. This is followed by areas of contestation and challenges to human-centred peace promotion. Finally, the article concludes with policy prescription for better operationalisation of human security at the UN and through its pko s.

Human security, sustainable livelihoods and development: the case of the Niger Delta region in Nigeria

This article critically examines the complex connections between human security and livelihoods in relation to development in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This region is pervaded by a web of socio-economic and environmental issues that have severely impacted the lives of people and communities due to environmental degradation. For example, the exploration and exploitation of natural resources in this region has had extensive consequences on the livelihood activities of the people. Moreover, the Niger Delta has been affected by persistent social instabilities and a lack of access to some of the basic assets of security, including personal, health, economic and environmental security. While the concepts of livelihoods and environmental degradation are reasonably well understood in the context of the Niger Delta, the complex links between them in relation to human security remain unexplored. To examine how environmental degradation impacts livelihoods, this article explores the concept of human security, following a rights-based approach in line with the sustainable livelihood framework. Furthermore, it draws from semi-structured interviews conducted in the region on the lived experiences of community members, such as farmers and fishers, and their challenges in bridging generational crises in the context of environmental degradation. I argue that understanding the interconnectedness of security and livelihood issues in the context of such crises provides an innovative approach to considering both environmental and social factors in sustainable development, which is essential for the overall well-being of people in the region.

Book Review: "Hara, A.E., Indriastuti, S., & Trihartono, A. (2023). Keamanan Insani (Human Security): Eksplorasi berbagai Perspektif di Dunia. Pandiva. 238 pp."

Book Review: "Hara, A.E., Indriastuti, S., & Trihartono, A. (2023). Keamanan Insani (Human Security): Eksplorasi berbagai Perspektif di Dunia. Pandiva. 238 pp."

Peningkatan Minat Literasi Siswa/i Desa Limbungan dalam Menciptakan Keamanan Pendidikan

One of the regions of Indonesia that has issues with educational fairness is the eastern region, particularly with the distribution of educators like teachers or tutors. The East Lombok Region's Limbungan Village is one of the places where this issue is present. So, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta’s Community Service Team chose it’s location as the focus of community service efforts to combat that problems. In this instance, the Community Service Team and Indonesia in Village worked together to carry out community service by focusing on educational issues through the "Suar Desa Adat Limbungan" program with the theme "Increasing Literacy Interest in Students of Limbungan Village in Creating Educational Security through the Concept of Human Security." This service activity comprises of five basic activities: Atraksi, Atraktif, Aksi, Selam, and Book Donation. It is believed that Limbungan Village would be able to address structural issues and other issues faced by local inhabitants as a consequence of community service activities.

Digital Security in Human Security: A Case Study of the Bjorka Hacking Incident

The issue of human security in the digital era has garnered attention in line with technological advancements. The threats to individual privacy and security have become increasingly evident, particularly following the hacking incident by Bjorka in September 2022 in Indonesia. This research applies the concept of human security within the context of digital security, highlighting the inequalities in access and vulnerabilities in online privacy. The Bjorka case reflects the complexity of human security, encompassing freedom from fear, freedom from want, and the freedom to live in dignity concerning the fundamental rights of individuals in human security. The aim of this study is to understand the privacy breaches and data hacking conducted by Bjorka and its impact on the human security of Indonesian citizens, especially from the perspective of digital security. This case study research employs interviews with key respondents from diverse backgrounds, who may have been victims of Bjorka's hacking. The study finds that digital security is not only related to technical aspects but also involves disrupted human security issues, pertaining to basic human rights, access limitations, and the gender identity of individuals involved in the digital world.

UPAYA KOLABORATIF THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC) DAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENANGGULANGI HIV/AIDS DI INDONESIA

This article aims to describe efforts to deal with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia through collaboration between The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Indonesian Government in the 2017-2020 Indonesia Country Program. The method used in this research is a qualitative method and literature study as a data collection technique. Meanwhile, international organization theory and the concept of Human Security are used as theoretical foundations. The results of this research indicate that efforts to control HIV/AIDS in Indonesia by the Indonesian Government in collaboration with UNODC are the right steps, considering that HIV/AIDS is a disease that has an impact on human health security. UNODC assists Indonesia in achieving its goals and interests through the Indonesia Country Program by designing a systematic work plan to discuss and contribute to the creation of a National Action Plan (RAN) to overcome the spread of HIV/AIDS among prisoners and convicts in Indonesia

Social work as a special guarantee of the state’s social security

This article aims to elucidate the theoretical and practical aspects of social work as a specific guarantor of social security in a contemporary state. Through a critical analysis of the normative definitions of ‘social work,’ the author identifies essential characteristics that distinguish social work as a crucial factor enabling social security within the state. Firstly, social work is a professional activity conducted by social workers, who are required to adhere to certain standards. As professionals impacting the state’s social security, social workers must: demonstrate altruism and maintain professional boundaries with clients, as well as work-life balance in their professional pursuits; possess self-care skills; have the ability to establish, sustain, rehabilitate, and enhance social communications; and exhibit robust resilience (patience). Secondly, social work is an occupational activity governed by existing legal norms, thus holding legal significance. Thirdly, social work is a purposeful occupational activity, as it is directed towards promoting social solidarity and ensuring a dignified life for individuals, in alignment with the concept of human social security. Fourthly, social work is a profession founded on an axiological basis, requiring adherence to specific standards for its organization and execution, in line with the principles of social work. The authors place particular emphasis on the necessity to develop and endorse a Code of Ethics for Social Workers in Ukraine. This Code of Ethics ought to serve as a guarantor of the integrity and virtue of social workers, providing normative certainty for their formal duties, establishing a normative foundation for their social responsibility, and forming the basis of social work’s characteristics. Considering these factors, clients and society can form clear expectations regarding their interactions with social workers and the nature of social work in general.

The EU’s human security based approach towards energy poverty

The phenomenon of energy poverty shows that energy issues, traditionally linked with international, regional, and national levels of analysis, have wider economic and political causes that are being manifested at the community and individual levels as well. Latest energy crisis across the European continent, coped with some structural factors such are resource scarcity, energy transition, and war between Russia and Ukraine, emphasized individualistic consequences of the ongoing energy processes. The fact that approximately 42 million people in the EU are affected by energy poverty put the phenomenon of the energy poverty very high at the EU agenda. Clear connection of this topic with human security concept made the phenomenon of energy poverty justifiable to be analysed from the people-centred perspective. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to highlight human security approach as a solid framework for understanding and analysis of the energy poverty phenomenon in the EU. Review of the significant academic knowledge base on this phenomenon, secondary data analysis from the relevant European surveys related to this issue, and analysis of adequate EU policies and practices combating energy poverty will serve to outline state-of-playwhen it comes to the energy poverty and human security nexus at the EU level.

보건위협의 안보화에 따른 국방-보건지출 간 상충관계 발생 요인 분석

This study analyzes statistically and empirically whether the emergence of health issues around the world is able to lead to notable change in military security. With the emergence of the concept of human security and rapid increase of health threat around the world after the Post-Cold War, There has been a number of arguments that the significance of military security based on the realist theory would be devalued by the proliferating health security agenda. In particular, there is a traditional perspective within the government expenditure named “guns and butter” theory, a trade-off relationship between defense and welfare, which refers that an increase of spending in an area inevitably leads to a decrease in another area with limited tax revenue. In this context, this study estimates the effect of changes in the proportion of health expenditure on the proportion of defense expenditure by conducting regression analysis for all countries from 2000 to 2019, utilizing the PCSE model. As a result, it was found that a trade-off appeared in countries with low economic development level and military manpower, while there is a positive correlation between both spending in case of having high values. Based on this result, the study conducted an empirical review of six countries of the Asia-Pacific region to determine whether the moderating effect is significant at the individual country level. In this analysis, it turned out that the income level and the number of active military manpower indicates a significant moderating effect. In this regard, the research implies that the level of economic development and the military manpower structure are the factors that would change the relationship between the both expenditures. Throughout the analysis, It suggests that there is compatibility between health and military security concepts as well as that changes in military or economic factors exceed non-traditional security issues in the compilation of a military budget. Ultimately, this study implies it is impossible to grasp the mutual competitiveness in the “gun and butter” debate and it is revealed that the gun overwhelms the butter. Additionally, This accentuates that the suitability of realism is still valid in spite of the emergence of the new security concept.

International legal regulation of the circulation of dual-use biotechnologies

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of each country, regardless of the economic well-being and health system development, highlighting the need for further rethinking of the global security and human security concepts. The need to sustain the spread of infectious diseases, as well as the treatment of life-threatening diseases, determine the relevance of scientific research on all key aspects related to the development of technologies, both by states and non-state actors. In view of the efforts made over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the field of biotechnology, which allows to detect the vulnerability of viruses, as well as to influence the genes responsible for the development of diseases. Such trends not only contribute to ensuring the human right to health and the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, but also bring humanity closer to executing Sustainable Development Goals. The reverse side of the scientific research increase is the expansion of the availability of scientific data, as well as the simplification of the reproduction of various technological solutions, which leads to the risk of their use for military and terrorist purposes. The development of technologies, the use of which can not only counteract life-threatening diseases, but also create new threats to human security, has influenced the formation of the term “dual-use technologies” in the scientific literature and documents of international organizations. The article presents a systematic analysis of biotechnologies impact on the formation of “human security” concept, as well as the definition of “biological security” concept. The authors consistently consider international treaties, as well as documents of international intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations in the field of regulating the circulation of technologies that pose a threat to state security. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the features of control over the spread of biological agents in the context of the activities of the European Union, as well as ensuring the implementation of the national security strategy of the Russian Federation.

Unsettling Human (In)Security: Challenging Neglect and Making the Unapparent Appear

The concept of human security, introduced to the global public policy lexicon in 1994, did two things. First, it challenged conventional and dominant state-centric approaches to security to rethink security in universal people-centred terms. Second, in its focus on human life and dignity, it called for a profound transition in security thinking to make all people everywhere matter. This article argues that the development of human security within the UN system has not sufficiently met these objectives. Through an analysis of three key human security sectors— food security, health security and disaster events—it reveals how conventional approaches to human security can be implicated in neglect, invisibility and marginalisation such that those already facing insecurity are made worse off still. A critical human security lens demonstrates that foregrounding recognition, solidarity and agency can help to expose invisibilities and encourage strategies to make people count.

Penanganan Perlindungan Hak Pengungsi Anak dari Timur Tengah dalam Rumah Detensi Imigrasi Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya

The purpose of this research is to know and understand Indonesian government effort or actions on protecting Human Rights for child refugee that live in Indonesia’s Immigrant Detention House. This research used the concept of Human security and qualitative method for the research analysis. The results of this research explain that Rudenim Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya in the fulfillment of human rights of the displaced children are in accordance with the Regulations the Director General of Immigration Number F-1002.PR.02.10 of 2006 and the United Nations Development Programme 1994 on a structured and overall handling and procedures for the placement of a stranger. I recommend that Immigrant Detention House in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya to coordinate more efficiently with related agency or institution, and increase their Human resources so they will be able to perform maximally in handling Child Refugee’s rigths. Indonesian Government should also make a policy that could clearly state and explain the status of asylum seeker in Indonesia to fulfill their rights.

BUKU RAMAH CERNA BERBASIS HUMAN SECURITY UNTUK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Developing the principles of human security and internalizing the values of the Pancasila Student Profile as the basis for developing decodable books become novelties for this research. Therefore, the purpose of this library research is to provide a contextual and conceptual overview of decodable books based on human security in an effort to strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile for students in the Early Readers category in elementary schools. This research used the library research method to uncover several findings from the research, including: (1) The Nature of Decodable Books; (2) Classification of Decodable Books and Leveled Books; (3) Characteristics of Decodable Books for Early Readers Category (B1); (4) The Concept of Human Security in Elementary School; and (5) Internalization of Pancasila Student Profile Values in the Context of Developing Decodable Books in Elementary Schools. This research method is considered an appropriate method for supporting the meta-analysis results of several relevant previous studies, supported by various theoretical studies from various sources and government policies that support the focus of this research. The results of the research conducted revealed that explicit book development can be known through BSKAP No. 030/P/2022 Concerning Guidelines for Leveling Book, although there has not been a comprehensive discussion. The results of this research produce propositions that can be followed up in other, more complex research

The nexus between human security and human rights

The expansion and deepening of security have initiated the emergence of new concepts, which, among other things, have enabled new ways of understanding and interpreting threats and risks in the security sphere. Human security is one of the new concepts that are becoming part of the security strategies of many countries, despite still-present dilemmas, especially over its practical significance and usability. This paper explores the interrelationship between human security and human rights, starting from the reference object towards which both are directed; that is, the individual. On the one hand, it explores the placement and meaning of human rights in the concept of human security, also enabling its greater concretization; on the other, it analyses the meaning and impact this concept has and should have in promoting and protecting human rights. Hence, the main thesis is that the human security concept has a greater chance of being more widely accepted and more effective when based on human rights, and that human rights are more likely to be protected and respected if treated as part of human security.

Evolution of the Human Security concept according to Japanese Diplomatic Bluebook

The interest in Human Security somehow arises spontaneously from the constantly dynamizing international reality, dilling a specific gap left by the understanding of national security as a certain ruling absolute in this domain. Among the many definitions and conceptual assumptions, two main ways of perceiving this idea have emerged depending on the reserach subject – a narrow scope related to freedom from fear and a wide scope, i.e. freedom from poverty. And it was this second theory, its development and promotion, established by the Japanese administration, that became the subject of its foreign policy interest since the end of the 1990s. It is important that Japan as a state constitutionaly focused on a peaceful coexistence and renouncing war as a political instrument, had to find an alternative in the security dimension as a result of these provisions.

Militarisation and State Capacity in Zimbabwe: The Limits of the Human Security Paradigm

ABSTRACT This article uses the case of Zimbabwe to explore the interface between militarisation and state capacity, and through that critique the emancipatory potential of the human security concept. It argues that militarisation undermines state capacity to provide emancipatory security as envisioned in the human security concept. A militarised state is severely incapacitated and challenged to deliver emancipatory security because it lacks the functional capacity and legitimacy of a state that is capable of safeguarding the security of the individual. The Zimbabwean case shows how the nature of the struggle for the country's independence conditioned the political elite's siege mentality and concomitant predisposition to use militarisation to safeguard their interests while ignoring those of the broader citizenry. By underscoring the adverse effects of militarisation on state capacity and legitimacy, the Zimbabwean case reinforces critiques of the state-centric approach of the human security concept, which severely constraints the latter's emancipatory potential.