Foreign Concept Research Articles

Linguistic Analysis of Translating Food Product Labels from English to Arabic in Saudi Arabian Market

The current study examines the interpretations of eight English-Arabic labels for food products found in the Saudi market. The study of translations is examined with regard to the translation techniques utilized under Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the common translation techniques employed for food product labels and aims to assess if these methods align with Venuti's favored approach of foreignization. Furthermore, it investigates whether these techniques have led to the original message being altered or not. This study conducts a quantitative analysis that compares various aspects. Calculations are conducted on the frequencies and percentages of techniques identified to obtain accurate statistical results. The findings reveal that foreignization is emphasized by the extensive use of literal translation, with transliteration, borrowing, and non-translation being comparatively less frequent in the translation of the studies' food product labels. Techniques under the domestication strategy include transposition as the most frequently used, followed by adaptation, and addition and omission are both used equally, with the least frequently used techniques falling under domestication. The study also determines that the effectiveness of techniques categorized as foreignization and domestication varies in the corpus analyzed.

Paymob: transforming digital payments in Egypt and the region for a cashless society

Learning outcomes After completion of the case study, the students will be able to analyze the FinTech industry in emerging markets, distinguish the growth strategies for startups in the hyper-growth phase, using the Ansoff matrix, evaluate and select geographical markets for expansion (foreign country selection) and understand the liability of foreignness concept. Case overview/synopsis In 2015, Islam Shawky, Alain Al-Hajj and Mostafa Menessy founded Paymob in Egypt, a FinTech start-up providing technological and financial solutions to consumers and merchants in the country. The company had grown into one of Egypt’s most prominent digital payment providers by deploying infrastructure and technologies that empower the underserved with access to financial services. In 2021, Paymob had gained a lot of support from venture capital investors that ended with closing the largest in Egypt Series A fund of $18.5m led by Dubai-based venture capital firm Global Ventures. Although Paymob had already reached great success in Egypt, the founders’ vision was to become the regional leader of digital payments, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises. So, they are considering regional markets similar to Egypt’s, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a call with a lot of structure but a lot of competition, and Pakistan, a market with much less competition but relatively unstructured. The founders found themselves in early 2022 deciding between these two markets in preparation for the next round of Series B $50m funding. Complexity academic level This case study can be useful for courses in executive education. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

A Qualitative Exploration into How Teachers Understand and Practice Forgiveness

Forgiveness, though hard for many to simply define in concrete terms, is not necessarily a foreign concept or practice for the average individual. In an attempt to further understanding of forgiveness, the present study gathered the thoughts, opinions, and experiences of a specific community of individuals, public school teachers. Using a series of six focus group interviews, analysis of data produced insights and conclusions related to how teachers understand forgiveness in theory and practice, how they practice forgiveness within their jobs, and their thoughts on forgiveness or virtue education within schools. Thematic analysis is presented with quotational support and a discussion of application to both forgiveness theory and future forgiveness education pursuits is offered in summation. Due to the many mental, emotional, and physical health benefits associated with forgiveness, the value of exploring forgiveness and forgiveness education is readily evident. This study provides a glimpse into the experiences of a community of individuals who practice forgiveness regularly within the context of their jobs as public school educators.

Using Cross-Linguistic-Cultural Interferences as a Means for Meaning Negotiation in Classroom Discourse

The process of encoding and decoding discussions about the nature of discussed meaning is affected by items from the previous learned languages, which means that the negotiation of meaning carried implied in cross-linguistic transfers and so for cultural interferences affects how learners interpret the negotiated foreign locutions. A sample of twenty adult students from The Center of Intensive Teaching of Languages (CEIL) at Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret (Algeria) was the subjects of observations, interviews, and experiments during our investigation into this phenomenon. Through treatment, discussion, and analysis of the data collected in the district of Tiaret (Algeria), we were able to gain a deeper comprehension of the topic under investigation. Later advances led to the conceptualization of the phenomenon's constituent elements. This made it possible for us to classify its elements by figuring out how the researched structure affected the adult learners' abilities to learn foreign concepts in the target language, as well as how frequently and at what rate it occurred. The degree to which the previously learned languages have an impact on meaning negotiation depends critically on how these concepts are interpreted.

Kritické myšlení v kontextu didaktiky filosofie a základů společenských věd

This theoretical study is based on the fact that critical thinking is part of the key competences and specifically civic competences, but it is not defined in detail in curriculum documents. Critical thinking is close to philosophical thinking. For the development of philosophical thinking, a competency-based approach is applied in foreign didactics of philosophy to define the objectives of the discipline. This study attempts to show that the competency-based approach is also suitable for the development of critical thinking in the context of teaching civics and social studies; it is thus necessary to know what critical thinking consists of. Therefore, the first aim of the study is to specify in more detail what critical thinking is, based on an analysis of two foreign conceptions of critical thinking, with an emphasis on its subcomponents. The second aim is to compare critical and philosophical thinking more closely and to show how a critical thinking perspective could enrich the existing elaboration of philosophical competencies. Given the similarity of these two ways of thinking, the author proposes that one of the goals of high school philosophy education should be the explicit development of critical thinking and that the skills, dispositions and knowledge needed for critical thinking should be taken into account in the specification of competency-based goals for philosophy education.

SOCIAL ADVERTISING VIDEOS IN AUDIOVISUAL TEACHING METHOD IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES

means of working with linguistic material, depending on technological capabilities and basic didactic and pedagogical models. The development of cognitive didactics led to the emergence of a new concept of teaching a foreign language, based on taking into account the way students process linguistic material through immersion in the linguistic and cultural environment. Students, like all globalized modern society, are characterized by a great interest to the information space. In the period of social transformations of the world, in the time of the latest technologies and globalization, foreign language teachers can use the social advertising as the universal and rather harmonious sphere of mass media and information space to provide information material from a foreign language, because in addition to the large text content, such videos are a powerful factor, which influence on students even with some elements of manipulating them. Linguistic features of advertising texts undoubtedly play an important role in the use of foreign language concepts in social advertising videos, as they are aimed at drawing attention to current issues of society, moral values, and actualization of social problems. The text of social advertising itself creates a mood and image, forms the impression of the listener, observer or listener and further understanding of this information, which contains social advertising. Linguistic features of social advertising texts on a subconscious level affect the recipient, who must make the correct conclusion after watching a video of social advertising.

A Hermeneutical Approach to Theology: Teaching African understanding of Spiritual Beings and their Existence

The teaching of theology in South Africa is narrowly understood in the context of Abrahamic religions. Within those religions, there are notions like angels and demons that make sense but remain problematic in the African understanding of God and spirituality. African spirituality gets overshadowed by coloniality such that African scholars resort to silence rather than correcting those errors that are committed while teaching theology to Africans. Since theology is the study of God, it should be subject to different interpretations that allow for a multiplicity of approaches. Since demystification and decolonisation of African theology are needed, this paper denounces foreign concepts in theology that seek to demotivate the whole concept of a decolonial theology. Analytic theory is used as the lens in this study. The purpose of this study is to clearly surface the concept of decolonisation within religion and the notion of beings within theological studies. This qualitative study adopts a desktop conceptual research methodology. Major findings of this study reveal that (i) theology in South Africa is taught in a Eurocentric fashion and the concepts used are Western, (ii) there is a high level of ignoring the African concepts and religions in the plight of theologians to reinforce Christianity. Core recommendations include (i) transformation of theological teaching that accommodates African spirituality, and (ii) popularization of African notions/ concepts to refer to such beings that the Western religions have called angels and demons. This study contributes to the decolonial scholarship with regard to theological studies of spiritual beings. Keywords: Theology, Decoloniality, Africanization, Afrocentric Theology, Spirituality

Туризм и паломничество в зарубежной антропологии и социологии: введение в дискуссию

The article presents the main foreign concepts that allow us to consider tourism from the perspective of two sciences — anthropology and sociology. Research allows you to dive into interesting discussions about how tourism has been studied. Separately, the discussion of the connection between tourism and pilgrimage, which continues to this day, is considered. The pilgrim/tourist dichotomy is recognized by many scientists as outdated, but in a number of studies it nevertheless acts as a conceptual basis.

Changing and yet the same? Italy’s foreign policy ideas and National Role Conceptions in a populist age

ABSTRACT The foreign policy objectives of nations typically stem from their perceptions of global dynamics, often shaped by specific National Role Conceptions (NRCs). This study considers these conceptions as articulated in the programmatic speeches of Italy’s Prime Ministers and Foreign Affairs Ministers from 2016 to 2022, a period marked by the governance of five administrations, some supported by populist parties. The primary objective is to discern the NRCs underpinning Italy’s foreign-policy objectives and strategies, aiming to identify significant departures from the approaches of previous governments. Additionally, the research aims to ascertain whether recent Italian foreign policy exhibits traits characteristic of populist agendas as discussed in the International Relations literature. The key finding reveals notable consistency, reflecting internal coherence and continuity in Italy’s foreign-policy framework. Populist narratives, it appears, remain largely confined to the domain of rhetoric, exerting minimal influence on actual foreign policy directives. However, this continuity also implies a limited capacity to adapt to the rapidly evolving global landscape, potentially undermining the efficacy of Italy’s foreign policy in the future.

Repositioning the concept of Xenophobia in the African context: Why do we allow ourselves to be defined by others?

The main goal of this work is to reposition the concept of xenophobia in the African context. This is to reflect on Thabo Mbeki’s narrative on Xenophobia. Africa continues to remain a pawn due to the Eurocentric ideas that have been forced on the Africans also brought about a foreign concept of xenophobia as if Africans are not brothers in the name of brotherhood. It is incontestable that brothers are, in some cases engage in fight, but there was a laid down rules and norms of resolving such misunderstanding. With the employment of qualitative research methods, complex interdependence theory garnished with Anglo-American conspiracy theory; we argue that, Anglo-American imperialist managed to spread and enforce the usage of English through imposing the concept xenophobia in the continent while failing to capture the essence of sibling fights or fights amongst African brothers and sisters conceptualised by the Batswana speaking people as maragana teng a bana motho. Through acknowledging Mbeki’s narrative and some sampled African languages, we argue that, while there is a word for foreigner in these sampled African languages, there is no direct or indirect translation of xenophobia in African languages. We conclude that the concept xenophobia has its etymological foundations in Greek and is therefore foreign in any of the African and South African indigenous languages.

CONTINUITY IN POLITICAL AUTHORITY OF THE PRC: FEATURES OF THE FIRST GENERATION FOREIGN POLICY

The issue of succession to political power in the People's Republic of China is a frequently discussed topic in academic research. The fifth generation of Chinese power, the Xi Jinping administration, without opposing the political views of previous generations, continues its political course adhering to the basic foreign policy principles since the time of Mao Zedong. Therefore, the issue of continuity of China's foreign policy concepts is of particular interest. The main goal of the work is to consider the conceptual foundations of the foreign policy of the first generation of Chinese power and its evolution of development associated with changes in international relations of that time. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that foreign policy concepts formed during the time of Mao Zedong create optimal conditions for rationalizing the foreign policy of today's China. Objectives include assessing certain historical events in Chinese foreign policy and diplomacy and determining how they influenced the subsequent development of Chinese foreign policy. The research topic was considered based on the theory of political realism using methods of historical-comparative, structural, content analysis, and systematization methods. These methods helped to consider the problem and systematize the research results comprehensively. The results of the study provide an opportunity to deeply understand the issues of succession of Chinese political power and China's current foreign policy positions in a historical context. In addition, the results of the study can be widely used in research in the field of international relations, political science, Chinese studies, and history.

A performance-based contract of employment as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers

The modern education system is subject to changes, accompanied by the introduction of a number of innovations, because it must adapt to the requirements of a dynamically developing society. Among such innovations is the introduction of an effective contract in the state universities as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers. The need for criteria-based assessment of the effectiveness of a higher school teacher, depending on the individual results of his work, has actualized the importance of studying the problem of an effective contract model in higher education and identified the research problem: what is the essence of an effective contract as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers? The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of an effective contract as an innovative aspect of stimulating the professional activity of a university teacher and its main components. The following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, description, interpretation, comparison. Systematic and logical approaches were used. The results of the research: 1) the concept of «performance-based contract of employment» in the legal and scientific-pedagogical field has been described; 2) a brief overview of the concept of an performance-based contract of employment abroad and in Russia has been carried out; 3) the principles for developing criteria for professional achievements of teaching staff have been substantiated. Key conclusions: 1) performance-based contract of employment is a balanced decomposition of criteria and performance indicators of the professional activity of a higher school teacher; 2) foreign and domestic concepts of a performance-based contract of employment are largely similar and include a set of interrelated components that reveal all aspects of a teacher’s professional activity: teaching, methodological, scientific,educational and sports; 3) the main principles of criteria-based assessment of scientific and pedagogical workers are: complexity, objectivity, quantitative assessment, adaptability, stimulation and motivation.

The Iraq War as a War over the Meaning of Europe

The Iraq War of 2003–11 has been described as a conflict over the meaning of Europe and between the conflicting goals of cementing the transatlantic relationship with the United States and advancing a more independent, "Carolingian" vision of the continent on the world stage. This article employs the analytical lens of foreign policy role conceptions, drawing from French and German policy literature, newly available archival evidence, and interviews with more than 20 diplomats, politicians, and civil servants active during the 2003 invasion. We argue that the war itself and the agency of Iraqis played a limited role in European powers' jockeying for position, which was instead determined by these countries' relationships with the US and the role of the United Nations. This was the case even for France and Germany, which had extensive interest in Iraq in the decades preceding the invasion. If the Iraq War was one over the meaning of Europe, the debate around and the execution of the invasion highlighted the continued importance of a US-led NATO for defining such meaning.

Some issues of public and information adaptation to the provisions of Russian foreign policy concept 2023

The importance of this topic is directly related to the problem of misusing the foreign policy terminology towards Russian Southern historical territories, Little Russia, and changing the media and journalism style in the scope of special military operation on liberating Russian territories from the bandera ideology.

Decolonising Translated Bibles: The Tragic Erasure of the Vhavenḓa’s Concepts of God through the 1936 and 1998 Tshivenḓa Bible Translations

The Bible translated into South Africa’s indigenous languages has a colonial history. For the Vhavenḓa people, the 1936 and 1998 Bible translations are revered as icons that hold a privileged position. However, this paper argues that these two translations should be seen as colonial language tools that do not serve the culture of the Vhavenḓa people. Instead, they can be viewed as weapons against them. These translations distorted the Tshivenḓa language by imposing distorted and foreign concepts of God, thereby rendering the Vhavenḓa people to have been without knowledge of God.

Total Factor Productivity with Chinese Characteristics

Although total factor productivity (TFP) is a common concept in mainstream Western economics, its origins are actually embedded in Marx’s understanding of improving labor productivity. As an important element of labor productivity under socialized production conditions, TFP is further reflected in the category of “socially necessary labor time” in two distinct senses. Re-examining TFP from the perspective of Marxist political economy and incorporating it into the theoretical system of political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics vividly illustrates the essence of “adhering to original principles, assimilating foreign concepts, and embracing a forward-looking vision” within political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In practice, it is necessary to start with Marx’s theory of productive labor and delineate the sectors involved in productive labor so that TFP and its fluctuations can be measured in a more relevant way. In the context of the new era and the new journey, as the key to achieving high-quality economic development in China, efforts are needed to increase TFP. This requires balancing economic factors such as the long term and short term, supply and demand, and gross quantity and structure, and promoting transformative changes in the quality, efficiency, and dynamism of economic development.

Help-seeking experiences and intimate partner support in vulvodynia: A qualitative exploration.

Vulvodynia is a poorly understood chronic pain condition characterized by persistent and unexplained pain in the vulva. Given the intimate nature of the pain, partners may play an important role in promoting self-management and help-seeking behaviours among women with vulvodynia. The current study aimed to explore the role of partner support in pain experiences and help-seeking behaviours among women with vulvodynia. A qualitative interpretive design was used. Ten women with vulvodynia (M age = 37.9 years) were interviewed using a semi-structured non-directive topic guide. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes around help-seeking experiences were constructed from the data: (1) 'It's Been a Battle' - Failed by the Healthcare System; (2) 'It's Just the Vulva' - Dismissed by Healthcare Professionals; and (3) 'I Diagnosed Myself' - The Patient Becomes the Expert. Participants described negative help-seeking experiences characterized by long delays to diagnosis, lack of awareness and understanding from healthcare professionals, minimization of symptoms, and having to advocate for and demand care. A further three themes pertaining to partner support were also developed: (1) 'That Person to Listen to You' - Source of Emotional Support; (2) 'Why Don't You Try This?' - Finding Solutions Together; and (3) 'He Forgets that it's Still There' - Vulvodynia is a Foreign Concept. Partners provided emotional support and showed empathy and understanding, and practical support by accompanying women to medical appointments and help with pain management. However, participants felt partners' understanding of vulvodynia was limited and that this impacted their relationships. Findings highlight a lack of continuity of care and multidisciplinary approach to treatment, with help-seeking experiences being mainly negative in this sample. Increasing public awareness of vulvodynia and improving healthcare access is crucial to improving physical and psychological outcomes for this group. Partners can play an important role in supporting people with vulvodynia; however, other outlets of support should be further explored.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЇ БЮДЖЕТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ СПІЛКИ

The formation of economic, customs, currency unions, as well as common budgeting systems by independent states can be considered as a concomitant trend of modern globalization processes. It is globalization, as well as increasing economic interdependence and a greater degree of market openness, that have led to the need for more effective management of regional financial transactions, as well as coordination among decision-making centers. The task of increasing the efficiency in the financial management of these associations can be solved due to the synergistic effect of the integration of the economies of the member states of such unions. The Economic and Monetary Union of European States is a vivid example of the result of integration processes in the field of economics and finance. Its most significant achievement is the implementation of a common monetary policy. However, important theoretical and practical problems arise both in the implementation of the budget policy and in the management of the budget processes of the Union. An unconditional factor in improving the efficiency of budget process management is the use of the resultoriented budgeting mechanism, the establishment of a clear relationship between goals, objectives, implementation tools, and indicators of expenditure effectiveness. This mechanism can be used in the practice of budgeting not only by sovereign states, but also by regional associations. The integration of the result-oriented budgeting mechanism into the budget systems of regional associations is associated with solving the problems of budget planning, coordination of participants in the process of coordinating budget decisions, execution and control. The EU's experience in managing budget processes has developed as a result of constant processes of improvement, adaptation to changing conditions, and the development of the most optimal solutions for the distribution of the Union's resources. Undoubtedly, the experience gained is unique due to the specifics of the EU from the economic, political, and institutional points of view. Nevertheless, the developed mechanisms and principles of management are of interest for a detailed study and assessment of the possibility of applying the established practices to other integration associations. Strengthening regional integration associations is a priority task for Ukraine in the framework of the implementation of the foreign policy concept. One of the main factors contributing to the integration processes is the provision of sustainable coordination mechanisms between members in the adoption and implementation of joint decisions, including within the framework of joint budget management. Consequently, strengthening and increasing the efficiency of the system of managing budget processes can contribute to achieving the task of strengthening the integration of regional associations as a whole. In this regard, the study and analysis of the

Srpska stranka (1920-1926): ideologija – praksa – ishod

This paper reconstructs the ideology and political practice of the Serbian Party, the only political party that in the first Yugoslav state stood for Serbian nationalism and the defense of Serbian cultural and state traditions. The central theme of the paper is the attitude of the ideologues of the Serbian Party towards Yugoslavism as a state and national idea. Special attention is paid to the attitudes of the Serbian Party towards the so-called the “Croatian question” and its relation to Bosnian and Old Serbian Muslims, Catholic clericalism and national minorities. In addition, we expose the foreign policy conceptions of the Serbian Party and its relationship with neighboring countries and the Versailles order. At the end, we analyzed the attitudes of the Serbian Party towards the leading political parties of the first Yugoslav state and its cooperation with ideologically similar political groups such as the Serbian National Youth (SRNAO), the Serbian National Organization, the Warrior Party and the Associations of Volunteers and thewar invalids.

Review of the multi-volume book "Ak Zhol"

In the history of the domestic press, the multi-volume publication of materials of the newspaper “Ak zhol”, which was persecuted by the Soviet ideology for its nationalist tendencies, is considered a significant event in the cultural life of the country. The authors of the multi-volume collection transcribed the national press materials from Arabic into Cyrillic script, provided explanation, a list of authors, dictionary of abbreviated and foreign words and concepts. The newspaper materials that were inaccessible to researchers and readers were introduced into scientific circulation. Purpose and objectives. The purpose of the study is a critical analysis of the collection published as a cultural heritage. Consequently, the articles included in the collection were classified according to the positions of formation and propaganda of the national idea. An analysis of individual articles of authors and editors was carried out. The influence of the newspaper on the socio-political process in the Turkestan region, as well as the closure of the newspaper due to ideological pressure has been determined. Results. The ideological continuity of the newspaper “Ak zhol” with the newspaper “Kazakh”, and the commonality of political and spiritual positions on the national values have been revealed. Conclusion. During data analysis the conclusion was about applied value of the collection for research aimed at the scientific restoration of historical and cultural processes of the early 20th century.