Concept Of Diversity Research Articles

Ethical challenges in global research on health system responses to violence against women: a qualitative study of policy and professional perspectives

BackgroundStudying global health problems requires international multidisciplinary teams. Such multidisciplinarity and multiculturalism create challenges in adhering to a set of ethical principles across different country contexts. Our group on health system responses to violence against women (VAW) included two universities in a European high-income country (HIC) and four universities in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate professional and policy perspectives on the types, causes of, and solutions to ethical challenges specific to the ethics approval stage of the global research projects on health system responses to VAW.MethodsWe used the Network of Ethical Relationships model, framework method, and READ approach to analyse qualitative semi-structured interviews (n = 18) and policy documents (n = 27). In March-July 2021, we recruited a purposive sample of researchers and members of Research Ethics Committees (RECs) from the five partner countries. Interviewees signposted policies and guidelines on research ethics, including VAW.ResultsWe developed three themes with eight subthemes summarising ethical challenges across three contextual factors. The global nature of the group contributed towards power and resource imbalance between HIC and LMICs and differing RECs’ rules. Location of the primary studies within health services highlighted differing rules between university RECs and health authorities. There were diverse conceptualisations of VAW and vulnerability of research participants between countries and limited methodological and topic expertise in some LMIC RECs. These factors threatened the timely delivery of studies and had a negative impact on researchers and their relationships with RECs and HIC funders. Most researchers felt frustrated and demotivated by the bureaucratised, uncoordinated, and lengthy approval process. Participants suggested redistributing power and resources between HICs and LMICs, involving LMIC representatives in developing funding agendas, better coordination between RECs and health authorities and capacity strengthening on ethics in VAW research.ConclusionsThe process of ethics approval for global research on health system responses to VAW should be more coordinated across partners, with equal power distribution between HICs and LMICs, researchers and RECs. While some of these objectives can be achieved through education for RECs and researchers, the power imbalance and differing rules should be addressed at the institutional, national, and international levels. Three of the authors were also research participants, which had potential to introduce bias into the findings. However, rigorous reflexivity practices mitigated against this. This insider perspective was also a strength, as it allowed us to access and contribute to more nuanced understandings to enhance the credibility of the findings. It also helped to mitigate against unequal power dynamics.

Settling the Desert, Unsettling the Mirage: Urban Ecologies of Arab and Gulf Futurisms in Ahmed Naji’s Using Life

ABSTRACT Contemporary Arabic speculative fiction, particularly following the Arab Spring uprisings, is often interpreted as part of an emerging trend of Arab dystopias responding to political upheaval. These texts’ ecological concerns, which produce diverse conceptions of futurity, are understudied. This article examines how urban futures are envisioned in an Egyptian speculative fiction text, Ahmed Naji’s Istikhdām al-ḥayāh (2014; Using Life, 2017). Putting Using Life in dialogue with discussions on Gulf futurism and Arabfuturisms, the article first examines the text’s depiction of hegemonic techno-futurist visions, aimed at manifesting a global utopian future through urban design and development projects. The author argues that this futurist discourse, which has affinities with Gulf futurism, operates through the dual enframing of nature and history, and then demonstrates how the text resists this techno-futurist vision through an assemblage aesthetics that echoes Sulaiman Majali’s Arabfuturism(s) manifesto. The novel’s assemblage aesthetics, which is central to its conception of counter-futures, redefines the human relationship to urban ecologies and to literature through an emphasis on embodiment.

Different divergence processes of isoglosses of folk nomenclature between wild trees and rice landraces imply the need for different conservation planning based on the type of plant resources

BackgroundThe intensification of production and socio-economic changes have accelerated the loss of local traditional knowledge and plant resources. Understanding the distribution and determinants of such biocultural diversity is essential in planning efficient surveys and conservation efforts. Because the concept of biocultural diversity in socio-ecological adaptive systems comprises biological, cultural, and linguistic diversity, linguistic information should serve as a surrogate for the distribution of local biological and cultural diversity. In this study, we spatio-linguistically evaluated the names of local trees and rice landraces recorded in Ehime Prefecture, southwestern Japan.MethodsHierarchical clustering was performed separately for the names of local trees and rice landraces. By considering innate flora differences and species having multiple local names, a novel distance index was adopted for local tree names. For the names of rice landraces, Jaccard distance was adopted. V-measure and factor detector analysis were used to evaluate the spatial association between the isogloss maps of the folk nomenclature derived from the clustering and multiple thematic maps.ResultsLocal tree names showed stronger spatial association with geographical factors than rice landrace names. One folk nomenclature group of trees overlapped well with the slash-and-burn cultivation area, suggesting a link between the naming of trees and the traditional production system. In contrast, rice landraces exhibited stronger associations with folklore practices. Moreover, influences of road networks and pilgrimages on rice landraces indicated the importance of human mobility and traditional rituals on rice seed transfer. High homogeneity and low completeness in the V-measure analysis indicated that the names of local trees and rice landraces were mostly homogenous within current municipalities and were shared with a couple of adjacent municipalities. The isogloss maps help to illustrate how the biological and cultural diversity of wild trees and rice landraces are distributed. They also help to identify units for inter-municipal collaboration for effective conservation of traditional knowledge related to those plant resources and traditional rice varieties themselves.ConclusionsOur spatio-linguistic evaluation indicated that complex geographical and sociological processes influence the formation of plant folk nomenclature groups and implies a promising approach using quantitative lexico-statistical analysis to help to identify areas for biocultural diversity conservation.

Detecting Adversarial Examples Utilizing Pixel Value Diversity

In this article, we introduce two novel methods to detect adversarial examples utilizing pixel value diversity. First, we propose the concept of pixel value diversity (which reflects the spread of pixel values in an image) and two independent metrics (UPVR and RPVR) to assess the pixel value diversity separately. Then we propose two methods to detect adversarial examples based on the threshold method and Bayesian method respectively. Experimental results show that compared to an excellent prior method LID, our proposed methods achieve better performances in detecting adversarial examples. We also show the robustness of our proposed work against an adaptive attack method.

The neurodiversity concept was developed collectively: An overdue correction on the origins of neurodiversity theory.

This letter discusses the origins of the concept and theory of neurodiversity. It is important to correctly attribute concept and theories to the people who developed them. For some time, the concept of neurodiversity has primarily been attributed to one person, Judy Singer. We consider the available evidence and show that the concept and theory in fact has multiple origins. We draw particular attention to recent archival findings that show the concept of 'neurological diversity' was being used years earlier than previously thought. 'Neurodiversity' means the same thing as 'neurological diversity' and does not change the theory in any way. We conclude that both the concept of neurological diversity or neurodiversity, and the body of theory surrounding it, should be understood as having been collectively developed by neurodivergent people.

‘Patience, persistence and proportionality’: Probation officer's perspectives of desistance in practice

Desistance from crime is a priority for criminal justice policy and practice yet the term carries varying definitions across research literature. Contemporary discourses promote a refocusing from desistance's representation as an individual's personal journey, to understanding desistance more akin to a social movement. Research has predominantly focused on the lived experience of those striving to achieve desistance, with practitioner perspectives remaining under researched. This study, conducted post COVID-19, aimed to explore and evaluate how probation officers operationalise desistance in practice. Outcomes evidence that whilst practitioners acknowledge the diverse conceptualisations of desistance, it remains a priority in practice, even where the focus is predominantly risk management. Key practice features emerging as essential to promoting desistance include identifying and cultivating a motivation to change, approaches to forming the supervisory relationship and how practitioner's respond when risks increase. A supporting organisational ethos is critical but challenged in the complex post COVID-19 context.

The Mediating Effect of Stress Management Competency on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Attrition: Evidence in a Local Government Unit

Purpose: The workforce or manpower is one of the 4Ms of production and is considered the most critical factor of production. It is the employees who determine whether the organization succeeds or fails. The primary goal of this study was to determine the mediating effect of stress management competency on the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition.
 Materials and Methods: A non-experimental quantitative research design was used, specifically the descriptive-correlational and mediation approaches. A face-to-face survey was used to obtain data. The data were obtained from 322 City Environment and Natural Resources employees, including regular and contractual employees, job orders, and allied service personnel selected through stratified random sampling. The statistical tools used to analyze and interpret the data were descriptive statistics, Pearson’s R, regression procedures, and Sobel’s Z-test. The mediation effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was ascertained by path analysis (Structural Equation Modelling, or SEM) and the Medgraph Sobel’s Z-test.
 Findings: Results revealed a high descriptive level of job satisfaction and employee attrition and a very high descriptive level of stress management competency. It was found that job satisfaction and employee attrition, job satisfaction and stress management competency, and stress management competency and employee attrition are significantly related. The results revealed that stress management competency partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Upskilling programs improve employees’ skills and knowledge, making them valuable assets to the organization. Employees may invest in both hard skills and soft skills. Organizations may also continue to recognize the accomplishments and achievements of their employees no matter how small or big they are because being recognized at work will boost employees' morale, which will also lead to efficiency and productivity. The concept of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) should continue to be practiced for long-term solutions to discrimination issues. Organizations, through their HRM, may continue formulating holistic programs and schemes that promote employees' physical and mental health, foster a positive working environment, a harmonious relationship, competitive salary, and benefits packages, and strengthen retention programs.

NASIONALISME MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN MUSIK

Multicultural nationalism is a paradigm or perspective that may affect the aspects of cognitive, affective, and conative behaviour to build and shape students’ characters through the framework of music education. Along with raising aesthetic awareness, the aim of multicultural nationalism in music education is also leading the Indonesian students to be more tolerant and respectful of other cultures in cultural diversity. The Indonesian nation, comprising various cultures, should be able to learn the thoughts on cultural diversity and construct scientific concepts fruitful for the creation of a national education system, particularly the scheme of music education in Indonesia. Conceptual study on this issue concludes that multicultural nationalism in music education is an integrated perspective of cultural diversity to achieve altogether goals in music education.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Landscape in Human-Computer Interaction in Ibero-America

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a research discipline that optimizes human-machine interfaces. Ibero-America has become a leading region in HCI advances adapted to its unique socioeconomic environment. However, a global characterization of the research landscape for this discipline in the region still needs to be improved. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on HCI in Ibero-America using bibliometric techniques, identifying key authors, institutions, conceptual structure, and research trends. The methodology employed consisted of a bibliometric analysis of 9812 documents from 1990-2023 from Scopus and Web of Science. The data were analyzed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer for statistical and network analysis. The results revealed that Spain, Brazil, Portugal, Mexico, and Colombia are at the forefront of HCI research in the region, with more than 90 % of total publications experiencing an annual growth rate of approximately 14.6 %, driven by strong international collaborations. Key topics are human-computer interaction, virtual reality, augmented reality, and video games, while education is one of the main application areas. The main conclusion is that the HCI research landscape in Ibero-America is characterized by rapid evolution, international integration, and conceptual diversity, indicative of a mature and interdisciplinary field that responds to regional demands. The advancement of the field could be driven by increased private-sector funding. Future system designs in the region should prioritize cultural sensitivity and inclusion.

On the information-theoretic formulation of network participation

The participation coefficient is a widely used metric of the diversity of a node’s connections with respect to a modular partition of a network. An information-theoretic formulation of this concept of connection diversity, referred to here as participation entropy, has been introduced as the Shannon entropy of the distribution of module labels across a node’s connected neighbors. While diversity metrics have been studied theoretically in other literatures, including to index species diversity in ecology, many of these results have not previously been applied to networks. Here we show that the participation coefficient is a first-order approximation to participation entropy and use the desirable additive properties of entropy to develop new metrics of connection diversity with respect to multiple labelings of nodes in a network, as joint and conditional participation entropies. The information-theoretic formalism developed here allows new and more subtle types of nodal connection patterns in complex networks to be studied.

Imagining inclusion in the university setting: plural discourse among Spanish university lecturers / Imaginar la universidad inclusiva: pluralidad de discursos del profesorado universitario español

Diversity management is a core priority in the definition of international education policies, and educational inclusion is a strategic indicator of quality and excellence. As a contribution to improving educational inclusion in higher education, this study seeks to map out the opinions and positions expressed by university lecturers regarding their teaching action in the classroom with respect to educational diversity and inclusion. To this end, qualitative research was designed and developed in eight Spanish public universities. A total of 17 interviews and eight focus group were held, analysing and interpreting the output by means of mixed deductive and emerging thematic analysis. Findings indicate two stances or positions expressed, identified as conventional logic and critical logic, which point to different conceptions of diversity held by the lecturers, the purpose of inclusion in university and its justification, the difficulties they encounter and their proposals for improvement. Global integrated approaches are necessary for the institutionalization of inclusion, despite conceptual confusion, poor training and institutional difficulties encountered by teachers in the classroom.

Analysis on metaphor of sky based on corpus

This study explores the different metaphorical usage of sky using the BNC corpus, one of the largest English corpus in the world. It aims to uncover the diverse conceptualizations and linguistic expressions associated with this universal and culturally significant element. By employing corpus linguistics methods, the study views a broad range of written and spoken texts to identify and analyze metaphors of sky in various contexts and genres. The research seeks to elucidate how the metaphor of sky is employed to convey abstract concepts, such as emotions, aspirations, spirituality, and how it is intertwined with cultural, environmental, and imaginative dimensions. Through the systematic analysis of linguistic data extracted from the BNC corpus, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the metaphorical diversity of the sky. The findings provide insights into the cognitive and communicative significance of sky-based metaphors, offering valuable implications for fields such as linguistics, cognitive science, cultural studies, and literary analysis.

Active forest ownership – Perception of Finnish women forest owners

“Active forest ownership” is often understood as a masculine and timber production-centric concept. The objective of this article is to study how women forest owners perceive the concept of “active forest ownership”. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted to study these questions. The interviews were analysed through the framework of feminist political ecology focusing specifically to different scales. The findings suggest that “active forest owner” is a more diverse concept for women forest owners than that described in Finnish forest policies or research. The definition includes feminine concepts like “taking care” of forests and understands that “being aware of forests” is a key part of being “active forest owner”. Furthermore, the intimate, family and local environment scales were crucial in impacting women's active forest ownership. These results indicate that forest policies would need to include a wider perspective of “active forest ownership” to address a larger proportion of forest owners and create more inclusive policies that could empower women.

Peculiarities of the formation and application of the institute of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice in the Kyrgyz Republic

Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for

The common good from an economic perspective: Insights from EU policies during the COVID-19

Abstract This paper delves into the diverse conceptualizations of the “common good” within the economic discourse and scrutinizes their implications for European integration during the pressing COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a comprehensive literature review, policy analysis, and case study examination, it explores the manifestations of the common good in the context of European Union policies. Two key interpretations emerge from our investigation: the first presents the common good as an ultimate objective, seeking a balance between individual and collective interests achieved via adept economic governance; the second considers it a continuous process underpinned by the principles that direct the journey toward such a balance. Our findings reveal that the EU’s response to the COVID-19 crisis led to shifts in fiscal policies and innovation strategies. The research outcomes demonstrate a marked transition in the EU’s approach, with a stronger focus on social welfare, environmental sustainability, and collective well-being.

Structures of U.S. Fringes: An Outline for Archivists

To archive and preserve materials connected to the most widespread and fastest-growing form of arts festival in the world, it is important to understand the breadth of the fringe festival phenomenon. The very concept of “Fringe Festival” is contested—ranging from the organic growth of performance venues “round the Fringe” of the original Edinburgh Festival to, decades later, the publication of the Canadian Association of Fringe Festival’s “Fringe Ideals.” This conceptual diversity is reflected in how Fringe Festivals are organized—with some being highly centralized and others operating with a decentralized structure of independent venues. This conceptual and managerial diversity has proven to be a strength. Fringes have been the fastest-growing and most widespread form of festival for decades now, precisely because of their adaptability. But a proper understanding of both the artistic endeavors at these festivals and how the festivals are understood and operated will allow that flexible growth to continue.

Language Teaching Materials for Writing Advertising Texts

This study is based on extensive library research, utilizing a wide range of information and resources from various sources. Having the right instructional materials is crucial for the successful completion of any academic program, including Indonesian language classes. Junior high school Indonesian language classes in Class VIII explore a range of subjects, one of which is the art of crafting advertisement copy. To achieve optimal outcomes, it is crucial to utilize appropriate instructional resources while acquiring proficiency in the Indonesian language for advertising purposes. This research aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the different types of advertisements that can be utilized as teaching materials in Indonesian language courses, along with an exploration of the diverse concepts associated with these materials.

Culturally Competent Care for Diverse Populations: A Review of Transcultural Nursing Education.

Transcultural nursing is a discipline that emphasizes culturally competent care for diverse populations, recognizing the influence of culture on health beliefs, values, practices, and outcomes. It requires nurses to respect cultural differences and similarities, but faces challenges in curriculum design, faculty development, and student assessment. This paper explores transcultural nursing education's current state and future directions, addressing the American Association of Colleges of Nursing essentials for integrating cultural content into nursing curricula, reviewing Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing theory, diversity, equity, and inclusion concepts, and discussing the main challenges of transcultural nursing education, including lack of student diversity, training, and resources. Strategies to overcome these challenges include interprofessional collaboration, cultural immersion, and evidence-based practice. The paper concludes with how emergency department nurses should incorporate this into practice.

Exploring the Knowledge Structures of Korean and International Nursing Research on Premature Infants Using Text Network Analysis.

This study aimed to identify the knowledge structures of Korean and international nursing studies on premature infants using text network analysis, which represents a text as a network graph that describes how keywords are linked. This network graph refers to a knowledge structure. International and Korean journal databases were searched to extract nursing studies regarding premature infants published in academic journals from 1998 to 2020. Abstracts from the selected studies were analyzed using the following four steps: word extraction and refinement, keyword extraction, co-occurrence matrix generation, and text network visualization. The results demonstrated that 182 Korean and 2502 international studies were published. The common keywords of Korean and international studies were "kangaroo mother care," "stress," and "child." The keywords of the international studies had more branches linking to other keywords than those of the Korean studies. Thus, the knowledge structure of international studies included diverse concepts. These findings will serve as important guidance for future research worldwide. Furthermore, studies to develop a more comprehensive knowledge structure of international research on premature infants are needed. The knowledge structure of Korean studies mainly included concepts related to mothers. Korean studies regarding hospitalized premature infants and communication with parents need to be conducted.

선(line)과 원자론(atomism)의 서사적 다양성에 대하여

As a preceding work to criticize the practice of eclecticism caused by the definition of line, this article aims to reveal the internal contradictory structure and conceptual diversity of 'the line'. Above all, I want to set the primary goal of extracting various meanings that will be discovered if we break away from the unilinear causal relationship created by lines and dots. To this end, this paper applies the natural philosophy of Epicurus as explained by Karl Marx to identify the meaning and value of 'awareness of internal contradiction', and further examines the certainty within myself and the fate of ataraxia. In this way, the diversity of lines dealt with in this paper will reveal the internal conflict of the definition of lines and at the same time show that ‘resistance to the absolute power of universality’ is a driving force for self-confidence in the era of great digital transformation.