Concept Of Cyber-physical Systems Research Articles

Reducing the Design Complexity of Automated Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Systems Using a Cyber-physical System Concept

Green transportation dictated by low carbon policies means that vehicle power sources are changing from fossil fuels to electricity. In electric vehicles, the numbers of electronic devices and the complexity of control software are high; design complexity has thus increased. Efforts to reduce the complexity of automated vehicle electrical and electric systems (E/E systems) at the design stage are actively underway. To reduce system design complexity, we introduce a design methodology employing cyber-physical systems (CPS). We designed an automated forklift system to explore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This paper shows that the CPS design methodology enables effective development of automated E/E control systems.

Computer-aided design of cyber-physical building systems

At present, an increasing number of researchers and specialists in the construction industry come to the opinion that it is advisable to use a number of technologies (BIM, Smart City, Big Data, IOT and others) in the practice of construction (in the broad sense of this concept), which are united by the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The result of the implementation of these technologies in the construction should be the transition to the widespread use of cyber-physical systems. The problem of using information technologies in construction today is not due to the lack of this process as such, but to the lack of consistency and consistency in it. Fragmentary nature of the application, inconsistency of the applied technologies at different levels of management and at different stages of the life cycle of construction projects sharply reduce the potential positive effect of informatization and building automation. At the same time, the concept of cyber-physical systems, that is, the integration at the system level of physical processes and controls has proven effective in industrial production. The approaches to ensuring the processes of designing cyber-physical building systems through the development and application of General mathematical models for the processes of data exchange and management are considered. The presented models of data exchange and management of cyber-physical building systems describe the processes implemented at each stage of the life cycle of cyber-physical building systems. Functional blocks of the considered models allow to describe the processes of data collection, storage and processing on the current and past stages of the life cycle of cyber-physical construction systems. The presented models are the elements of mathematical support of the processes of designing cyber-physical building systems, which determine the processes of information exchange and management between the structures of cyber-physical building systems of different levels of hierarchy in the full life cycle.

Problems of Security in Digital Production and Its Resistance to Cyber Threats

This paper considers digital production as a stage of industrialization. One aspect of this process is the associated digital transformation of control systems. To analyze the problem of ensuring the security of digital production, the concept of cyberphysical systems is used. The perspectives of using homeostatic control of the stability of such systems using self-similarity indicators are considered.

Conception of Logistics Management System for Smart Factory

An interconnected, data driven smart logistics management system is crucial in a smart factory in context of Industry 4.0. Applying the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT) will create a standardized logistics system. This system can be applied across the supply chain to enable the sharing of information in real-time which consequently optimize logistics processes. In this project, a conceptual model of a smart logistics management system between a supplier and a manufacturer using NFC smart tags technology is developed and its application is shown using prototype demonstrator. The system is equipped with functions to monitor and manage logistic related data. The interface is built using windows form application and android phone application. The developed model’s abilities and specifications in context of industry 4.0 is evaluated using the VDMA Toolbox Industry 4.0. In the end this system achieved an average of level 4 in the Industry 4.0 evaluation and this system provides a concept on applying a smart logistic management system for manufacturers as a key step in transforming into smart factories.

Response hierarchical control strategy of communication data disturbance in micro‐grid under the concept of cyber physical system

Communication data in the communication network of the islanded micro-grid can be disturbed in many ways, such as data attack or packet loss. To improve the control effect on the voltages and frequencies obtained by droop control of distributed energy resources (DERs) facing communication data disturbance (CDD), a response hierarchical control strategy is proposed in this study. Based on the concept of the cyber physical system, the control structure is divided into two layers: the cyber layer and physical layer. In the cyber layer, firstly, the effect of the CDD on the micro-grid system is analysed and then, an event-triggered data compensation method combining the back-propagation neural network and extreme learning machine is proposed in this layer to solve the problem of the CDD. In the physical layer, firstly, the droop control is used as the primary control to control the voltages and frequencies of DERs and then, a novel virtual leader-following consensus control method considering time-delay is proposed in this layer. Also, it is used to complete the secondary control of the voltage and frequency obtained by primary control. In the end, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategy under CDD.

Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twins in the Industrial Internet of Things [Cyber-Physical Systems

Reports on the concepts of cyber-physical systems and digital twins. A digital twin is a virtual representation that serves as the real-time digital counterpart of a physical object or process and addresses every instance for its total life cycle.

Cyber Physical Systems for Smart Cities Development

With the technological advances in ICT people are migrating to urban areas. Urbanization becomes a global phenomenon. By 2030, 60% of the population will live in urban. Development of smart cities is inevitable. Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) supports our day to day activities. With the emergence of CPS is becoming more important to smart cities. Smart cities can be viewed as large scale implementations of CPS. This paper throws some light on the concepts of CPS, Smart and the various challenges posed by CPS in implementing in smart cities .This paper also describes research directions for CPS .

Metrology aspects in cyber-physical systems

The modern trend of most advanced countries is the active development and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, Internet of things and “smart cities”. Despite the “autonomy” of these technologies, they still remain dependent on the achievements of metrology. The article deals with the concept of cyber-physical systems, presents an analysis of the problems of their metrological support, and shows the main metrological problems in the development of these technologies.

A Novel Hierarchical Control Strategy for Low-Voltage Islanded Microgrids Based on the Concept of Cyber Physical System

Based on the concept of cyber physical system (CPS), a novel hierarchical control strategy for islanded microgrids is proposed in this paper. The control structure consists of physical and cyber layers. It’s used to improve the control effect on the output voltages and frequency by droop control of distributed energy resources (DERs), share the reactive power among DERs more reasonably and solve the problem of circumfluence in microgrids. The specific designs are as follows: to improve the control effect on voltages and frequency of DERs, an event-trigger mechanism is designed in the physical layer. When the trigger conditions in the mechanism aren’t met, only the droop control (i.e., primary control) is used in the controlled system. Otherwise, a virtual leader-following consensus control method is used in the cyber layer to accomplish the secondary control on DERs; to share the reactive power reasonably, a method of double virtual impedance is designed in the physical layer to adjust the output reactive power of DERs; to suppress circumfluence, a method combined with consensus control without leader and sliding mode control (SMC) is used in the cyber layer. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategy is confirmed by simulation results.

스마트 시티의 CPS(Cyber-Physical System)개념을 적용한 스마트 커뮤니티 센터 계획을 위한 기초 연구

스마트 시티의 CPS(Cyber-Physical System)개념을 적용한 스마트 커뮤니티 센터 계획을 위한 기초 연구

Research on Information Organization Method of Power Intelligent Test System Based on CPS

In this paper, we propose the idea of the power intelligent test system by combining the concept of Cyber Physical System. And research the ways to organize information to make the intelligent test system of power is more heterogeneous, high degree of autonomy, adaptability and scalability. At the same time, to achieve high utilization and the Intelligence of the test data.

航空産業におけるCyber Physical System概念の発展過程分析

航空産業におけるCyber Physical System概念の発展過程分析

Cyber-physical-system-based smart water system to prevent flood hazards

BackgroundExtreme weather and climate events such as super typhoons and unprecedented recorded high intensity rainfall events have increased in recent years due to climate change. Such extreme weather events generate floods and cause loss of life and property. Therefore, efficient strategies and measures for flood mitigation and prevention are essential. Computer-aided techniques can increase the speed of emergency response and reduce the impacts of a flood.MethodsThis study applied the cyber-physical system concept to develop a smart flood information system, called Dayu Smart Water System. The system includes an on-site monitoring network and software for rapid flood modeling to provide updated information. With the utilization of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the system not only provides forecast information but also plays an active role by enabling users to take emergency response measures before, during, and after a flood. The system is aimed at accelerating emergency responses during a flood without requiring any human intervention.ResultsThe system was deployed in a high-tech industrial park in central Taiwan. Experimental results revealed that the system could increase the response efficiency of the emergency operations center during a few extreme events in 2017. To enable the system to respond to a wide range of flood induced threats in a more effective manner, a few advanced functions are under development and discussed in this paper.ConclusionsThis study utilized Dayu Smart Water System that integrates on-site monitoring sensors and advanced modeling tools to provide optimal flood forecasts. However, the proposed system has implemented only the first three levels—connection, conversion, and cyber levels. The higher the number of levels is, the more added value is the system provides. The fourth and fifth levels, namely the cognition and configuration levels, were not discussed in the study. Further developments in these two levels will be conducted.

Multiple products management system with sensors array in automated storage and retrieval systems

Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) have now been widely used in a number of industries due to its capability to automatically manage the storage of products in effective ways. One of the key features of AS/RS is that each rack is not assigned for a specific product resulting in the benefit of space utilization and logistics related issues. In this research, sensor arrays are equipped at each rack in order to enhance this feature. As a result, various products can be identified and mixed in each rack, so that the space utilization efficiency can be increased. To prove the concept, a prototype system consisting of a Cartesian robot that manages the storage and retrieval of products with 9 variations based on size and color. The concept of Cyber-Physical System and self-awareness of the system are also implemented in this concept prototype.

Hybrid Schedule Management in 6TiSCH Networks: The Coexistence of Determinism and Flexibility

With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, and cyber-physical system concepts, there is a tremendous change ongoing in industrial applications, which is imposing increasingly diverse and demanding network dynamics and requirements with a wider and more fine-grained scale. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a hybrid schedule management in 6TiSCH architecture can be used to achieve the coexistence of applications with heavily diverse networking requirements. We study the fundamental functionalities and also describe network scenarios, where such a hybrid scheduling approach can be used. In addition, we present the details about the design and implementation of the first 6TiSCH centralized scheduling framework based on CoAP management interface (CoMI). We also provide theoretical and experimental analysis, where we study the cost of schedule management operations and illustrate the operation of the CoMI-based 6TiSCH schedule management.

A Decision Support System Architecture Based on Simulation Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems

Simulation modeling (SM) is going to gain more interest due to the rise of Industry 4.0. Although, SM has been used extensively to analyze the behavior of complex manufacturing systems in a cost-efficient manner without disrupting the production process, it has many limitations that contradict with the industry 4.0 era. These limitations include; the large computational time, black-box characteristic, and not being able to directly run optimization analysis. Metamodeling combines the merits of SM and design of experiments by achieving optimal solutions at a limited computational time, and the ability to study complex systems with an explicit form and deterministic output. This paper proposes an architecture of a Decision Support System (DSS) based on a simulation metamodeling optimization approach to assist in making timely and informed decisions, using the emerging technologies of industry 4.0 and cyber-physical system concepts. The main modules and information flow path within the DSS are demonstrated in detail. To illustrate the applicability of the DSS, it has been implemented in a leading home appliance factory. The results indicate that this promising tool can easily be adopted in smart factories to aid in tactical and operational planning activities.

Smart manufacturing

Manufacturing has evolved and become more automated, computerised and complex. In this paper, the origin, current status and the future developments in manufacturing are disused. Smart manufacturing is an emerging form of production integrating manufacturing assets of today and tomorrow with sensors, computing platforms, communication technology, control, simulation, data intensive modelling and predictive engineering. It utilises the concepts of cyber-physical systems spearheaded by the internet of things, cloud computing, service-oriented computing, artificial intelligence and data science. Once implemented, these concepts and technologies would make smart manufacturing the hallmark of the next industrial revolution. The essence of smart manufacturing is captured in six pillars, manufacturing technology and processes, materials, data, predictive engineering, sustainability and resource sharing and networking. Material handling and supply chains have been an integral part of manufacturing. The anticipated developments in material handling and transportation and their integration with manufacturing driven by sustainability, shared services and service quality and are outlined. The future trends in smart manufacturing are captured in ten conjectures ranging from manufacturing digitisation and material-product-process phenomenon to enterprise dichotomy and standardisation.

An ontology-based model for prognostics and health management of machines

Abstract Recent advances in smart manufacturing open up opportunities in industrial support, specifically in maintenance and physical asset management. This trend allows data collected from machines in operation to interact with cyberspace computers through a communication network, thus forming the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Besides, rapid advances in information and communications technologies provide approaches for analysing data, in an increasingly rapid, autonomously, ubiquitous and in real time way, providing information that assists humans in making better decisions. In this sense, Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of machines, is indicated as a promising application of Smart Manufacturing in the CPS context, demanding the standardization of concepts, terms, and a formal implementation of data collection and treatment. For this purpose, the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology is used in this paper, encompassing international standards, the unified 5-level architecture, ontology, and dependability for failure analysis in mechanical components. In addition, the creation of an ontology using the OWL 2 language was guided by the ‘Ontology Development 101′ approach. A pilot test was carried out using a centrifugal pump to demonstrate the applicability of the ontology. Thus, the ontology is evaluated in Protege, which allow queries with SPARQL language to provide future decision-making for condition-based maintenance in real processes.

A Cyber Physical Model Based on a Hybrid System for Flexible Load Control in an Active Distribution Network

To strengthen the integration of the primary and secondary systems, a concept of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is introduced to construct a CPS in Power Systems (Power CPS). The most basic work of the Power CPS is to build an integration model which combines both a continuous process and a discrete process. The advanced form of smart grid, the Active Distribution Network (ADN) is a typical example of Power CPS. After designing the Power CPS model architecture and its application in ADN, a Hybrid System based model and control method of Power CPS is proposed in this paper. As an application example, ADN flexible load is modeled and controlled with ADN feeder power control by a control strategy which includes the normal condition and the underpowered condition. In this model and strategy, some factors like load power consumption and load functional demand are considered and optimized. In order to make up some of the deficiencies of centralized control, a distributed control method is presented to reduce model complexity and improve calculation speed. The effectiveness of all the models and methods are demonstrated in the case study.

Complex system governance for critical cyber-physical systems

In cyber-physical system (CPS), software components (i.e., computational elements) are tightly intertwined with physical entities to produce distinguishing behavioural modalities. CPS, as a field, is relatively new, emerging, and somewhat fragmented in development. There are multiple agencies, entities, and activities being undertaken to address a nexus of emerging issues including cyber-threats and attack in critical systems. However, the development of CPS, as a field, albeit with good intentions and efforts, appears to be largely 'self-organising'. In response, we suggest governance, as posited in complex system governance, as an organising construct for critical cyber-physical systems to provide more cohesion. complex system governance (CSG) is focused on design, execution, and evolution of 'metasystem' functions necessary to provide for communication, control, coordination, and integration (C3I) in CPS. First, we introduce the concept of critical CPS, emphasising current domination of self-organisation as the driving force in developing viable CPS. Second, a CSG model is introduced to suggest an alternative for more purposeful system design and evolution. The paper concludes implications for future research directions.