Concept Of Cyber-physical Systems Research Articles

Development of Cyber Physical System Based Manufacturing System Design

Cyber Physical System (CPS) is Informatics and computer science. Cyber physical manufacturing system is a new research field. In the fields of computer science and manufacturing science and technology Promote the Fourth Industrial Revolution known as Industry 4.0. CPS is generally focused. About the integration of the physical world and cyberspace. It`s the integration of communication, Computational, control, and physical elements. Currently, CPS is Science, government and industry. Systematic literature review on cyber. The physical system of the manufacturing system is not available. The purpose of the chapters in this bookis to gain insight into manufacturing systems and develop cyber-physical systems. Physical systems for intelligent manufacturing. CPS is written using the concept of CPS. A 5-tier architecture system for manufacturing systems. Continuous Key Release. It also describes the technology of cyber physical manufacturing systems. Combined with manufacturing, CPS enables intelligent manufacturing and provides technical support for manufacturing upgrades and conversions. This can be summarized in three aspects: internet-based manufacturing, process intelligence, and product intelligence. Future manufacturing is said to be personalized manufacturing based on cyber physical systems, intelligent manufacturing, digital manufacturing, and network-based manufacturing. CPS continues to transform the manufacturing trends of the industry, creating even more amazing value for future global manufacturing scenarios

Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems: concepts, challenges, and case studies

As the integration of cyber and physical components becomes increasingly prevalent in modern systems, ensuring the dependability of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has emerged as a critical research area. The present paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the recent advances in the field of dependable CPS. Firstly, we present an analysis on the evolution of the published papers in the past years and introduce the concepts of dependability and CPSs in the context of Industry 4.0. Secondly, some strategies and challenges that have been encountered in the recent literature for enhancing the dependability of CPS are also presented. Finally, two case studies that highlight the interdependencies between the concepts of dependability and CPS are reviewed. The first one presents the dependability of an object identification system that relies on radio frequency identifier, which can be used in medical services. The second case study shows various techniques for predicting the remaining useful life of a turbofan jet engine using Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques.

Metaverse supply chain and operations management

ABSTRACT The metaverse and Web 3.0 have created a new digital world with specific properties and behaviours replicating and influencing the behaviours and processes of physical entities. This study aims to advance our understanding of how the metaverse will impact supply chain and operations management (SCOM). Using elements of a structured literature search and building on the concepts of cyber-physical systems, digital supply chain twins, cloud supply chains, and Industry 4.0/Industry 5.0, we propose a framework for metaverse SCOM encompassing multiple socio-technological dimensions. We conclude that further metaverse developments could result in a co-existence of physical SCOM, metaverse SCOM, and SCOM for coordination of the physical and metaverse worlds. We offer a structured future research agenda pointing to new research questions and topics stemming from metaverse-driven visibility, computational power for data analytics, digital collaboration, and connectivity. New research areas can emerge for the novel metaverse SCOM processes and decision-making areas (e.g. joint demand forecasting for metaverse and physical products, digital inventory allocation in the metaverse, integrated production planning for the metaverse and physical worlds, and pricing and contracting for digital products), as well as new performance measures (e.g. virtual customer experience level, availability of digital products, and digital resilience and sustainability).

Review on the key technologies of power grid cyber‐physical systems simulation

AbstractA Cyber‐Physical System (CPS) is a spatiotemporal multi‐dimensional and heterogeneous hybrid autonomous system composed of deep integration of information resources and physical systems. With the development of digitisation and digitalisation, a large number of data acquisition equipment, computing equipment, and electrical equipment are interconnected between the power grid and the information communication network. The power grid has thus been restructured as a mature and highly complex CPS. In order to promote the development of power grid CPS technologies and provide a reference for relevant researchers in the field, the origin and concept of CPS and features in power grid CPS are introduced firstly. Then the key technologies of power grid CPS simulation are discussed and further analysed from three perspectives, including modelling theory, simulation methods, and system‐level simulation. On this basis, the application of CPS simulation technology in future power grids has been prospected.

Conceptualizing data-driven closed loop production systems for lean manufacturing of complex biomedical devices—a cyber-physical system approach

A model is presented for shifting the manual intensive manufacturing process of complex biomedical devices towards more lean and efficient production process via application of concepts of cyber physical systems in combination with big data and analytics in a closed loop manner. The concept model is capable of handling high product volumes and variety, has ability for self-adaptation and correction in various operating conditions, and offers real-time quality control. The approach acknowledges the challenge of these industries operating in a strict regulated environment and the higher standards of built-in quality required by developing a closed loop process, proposed to be built in accordance to the requirements of regulatory bodies and current Industry 4.0 practices. The proposed model illustrates that modern manufacturing methodologies and concepts can be integrated and adopted in such highly regulated manufacturing environments and that the model can be deployed to different production scenarios.

Interactive Cyber-Physical System Hacking

Cyber Security as an education discipline covers a variety of topics that can be challenging and complex for students who are new to the subject domain. With this in mind, it is crucial that new students are motivated by understanding both the technical aspects of computing and networking, and the real-world implications of compromising these systems. In this paper we approach this task to create an engaging outreach experience, on the concept of cyber-physical systems, using a Scalextric slot-car racetrack. In the activity, students seek to compromise the underlying computer system that is linked to the track and updates the scoreboard system, in order to inflate their own score and to sabotage their opponent. Our investigation with this technique shows high levels of engagement whilst providing an excellent platform for teaching basic concepts of enumeration, brute forcing, and privilege escalation. It also provokes discussion on how this activity relates to real-world cases of cyber-physical systems security in the sports domain and beyond.

Preface to “Model Predictive Control and Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems”

The concept of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in electrical, civil and mechanical engineering is closely related to Smart Grids and Smart Cities, based on advanced computing technologies used for monitoring, control and communication [...]

CYBER-PHYSICAL SENSOR DATA INTEGRATION AND VISUALIZATION SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY

In the modern world, a number of devices equipped with tools for collecting and processing information is constantly increasing. The use of these devices in industry improves the reliability and efficiency of production, as well as data visualization with the use of the augmented reality as a tool to improve reliability and safety. The combination of IoT technologies and advanced methods of proactive control, combined in the concept of cyber-physical systems, allows to achieve a synergistic increase in efficiency. At However, specific implementations of such systems are developed insufficiently and under-researched. The presented article describes the implementation of a system that allows collecting, storing and presenting data of industrial IoT devices, implementing the concept of cyberphysical systems. The structure combines a wireless network of multi-sensor IoT devices, tools and software that implement a digital twin and provide prediction of parameter changes, which, in turn, forms the basis for object management solutions.

A review on security analysis of cyber physical systems using Machine learning

The concept of Cyber Physical System (CPS) is widely used in different industries across the globe. In fact, it is the holistic approach towards dealing with cyber space and physical environments that do have inter-dependencies. In the existing systems, there was a separate approach for security of the two worlds (cyber and physical). However, it does not provide necessary security when security is employed independently. The research in this paper identifies the need for integrated security for CPS. Besides it throws light into different security challenges associated with CPS and the countermeasures that existed based on machine learning and deep learning techniques that come under Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data science. From the review of literature, it is understood that data science perspective is suitable for protecting CPS with required adaptive strategy. This paper provides several useful insights related to security analysis of CPS using machine learning. It paves way for further investigation and realize a comprehensive security framework to protect CPS from internal and external cyber-attacks.

Electricity System Built on Cyber-physical Enterprises: Architecture Analysis

Energy distribution systems can improve in adaptiveness by applying the concepts of cyber-physical systems (CPS), cyber-physical enterprise, and service-oriented architecture. With these paradigms, the information and communications technology (ICT) systems can respond to changes in the requirements and conditions of the environment, improving responsiveness to the fluctuation of electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES). This paper analyzes the suitability of a CPS architecture for the electricity distribution system. The novelty comes from a service-oriented model where customers and microgrids can sell services to one another and operators, building added value on existing energy resources. The architecture is analyzed with a coordinated voltage control (CVC) use case. The results suggest that the architecture can open new possibilities in utilizing energy resources and enables a customer-driven, distributed scheme instead of the strict operator-centric hierarchy of the contemporary systems.

ОТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ К КИБЕРФИЗИЧЕСКИМ СИСТЕМАМ

The expansion of the capabilities of informationmeasuring systems in the framework of the fourth industrial revolution can be associated with the use of artificial intelligence methods and algorithms for measurement tasks. Approaches based on intelligent technologies are methodically most developed within the framework of the concept of cyberphysical systems, therefore it is advisable to analyze the possibilities of using these technologies in informationmeasuring systems. It is expedient to use measuring systems for obtaining digital twins of controlled physical objects, forecasting and prediction, diagnosing and classification. The authors propose, along with wellknown artificial intelligence technologies using classical and deep neural networks, to use physically informed neural networks, which reveal the black box model to a certain extent. Physically informed artificial neural networks are more suitable for measurement tasks, since they combine knowledge of physical laws and learning processes based on a constantly updated set of measurements and a digital twin of a physical object.

Modeling of Satellite Constellation in Modelica and a PHM System Framework Driven by Model Data Hybrid

The new generation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellation systems has the characteristics of low delay, strong signal and global coverage, and it is an important direction for the development of next-generation communication technology. A major disadvantage is that the constellation system is huge, often composed of hundreds or thousands of satellites, which puts forward high requirements for the design and health management of the constellation system, and the existing telemetry data monitoring system cannot meet the actual needs. CPS is a multidimensional complex system that integrates computation, communication and control (3C). Through the deep integration and cooperation of 3C, the real-time monitoring and dynamic control of large-scale engineering systems are realized, which is completely suitable for the operation and maintenance requirements of the satellite constellation system. This paper firstly establishes the entire satellite constellation system model, which is integrated from the satellite multidomain system, the constellation orbit environment system and the communication link system. Then, according to the technical concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS), an implementation framework of a prognostics and health (PHM) system driven by a model–data hybrid for satellite constellation systems is proposed. The framework is based on model simulation data and telemetry data and combines virtual and real data fusion, fault diagnosis, simulation prediction and other technologies to generate enhanced data to drive the effective operation of the PHM system. Finally, a verification case is designed to prove that the satellite constellation health management system implemented under this framework has a positive effect on the reliable operation and maintenance of the satellite constellation system.

IoT-Based Smart Airflow System for Retrofitting Commercial Variable Air Volume HVAC Systems

The integration of cyber and physical explorations is the key approach to enable building automation systems to save energy and maintain comfort. In this paper, we explore the concept of Cyber Physical system (CPS) to design and implement a prototype to retrofit outdated Variable Air Volume (VAV) Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The proposed prototype uses building occupancy tracking to efficiently schedule HVAC systems and save wasted energy whilst maintaining occupant thermal comfort. An IoT infrastructure made up of a network of sensors placed strategically around the building to collect environment and occupants data and communicate them to the server. The new designed airflow damper acts accordingly to modulate the air distribution and adjust the environment to meet the expected comfort while maximizing efficiencies. The system improves the efficiency of existing traditional VAV-HVAC without entirely replacing the system. This can be a solution for old building with low budget.

Towards a formal model of computation for RMAS

RMAS is a multi-agent system architecture and associated model of computation that has been recently proposed as promising framework for autonomic computation and as viable implementation means for industrial agents. RMAS is proposed as an effective tool in the realization of the full-fledged concept of cyber-physical systems of systems, in agreement with new visions of the digital future and prominent standardization efforts like the IEC 61499. Currently, there is the need to establish a solid formalism for the model of computation of RMAS in order to harness and fully express its possibilities. In particular, this model should bridge the disciplines of control and systems engineering and computer science, whilst concerning artificial intelligence. This work proposes a first operational step in this direction. A formalism of the RMAS model of computation is established for the first time, and a complete definition of hierarchical nested levels of RMAS units is proposed. This work constitutes the ground for industry-ready technological instances of the RMAS architecture.

A Digital Twin-Based Platform towards Intelligent Automation with Virtual Counterparts of Flight and Air Traffic Control Operations

Automation technologies have been deployed widely to boost the efficiency of production and operations, to trim the complicated process, and to reduce the human error involved. Nevertheless, aviation remains human-centred and requires collaboration between different parties. Given the lack of a collaborative decision-making training platform for air traffic operations in the industry, this study utilises the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS) to formulate a system architecture for pilots and air traffic control officers training in collaborative decision making by linking and integrating the virtual counterparts of flights and air traffic control operations. Collaborative decision-making training and the corresponding intelligent automation aids could be realised and supported. A performance analysis via a flight task undertaken with different computational load settings was prepared to evaluate the platform’s latency and integrity. The latency is presented using its 95% confidence interval, and integrity is presented using the percentage of data loss during wireless transmission. The results demonstrated convincing performance and a promising system robustness in both domains.

Quality control in cyber-physical systems of smart electronics manufacturing

The creation of high-tech smart industries is observed in dynamically developing industries, which include the production of electronics and the automotive industry. The concept of “smart manufacturing” is closely related to the concept of cyber-physical systems, which integrates the main elements of digitalization and intellectualization. This concept provides for the continuous improvement of intellectual “cybernetic” resources for the effective management of the “physical” environment considered in this problem area. Improvement of technologies, ensuring high rates of reproducibility and suitability of equipment creates conditions for defect-free production. However, there remain the problems of recognizing patterns represented not by an obvious marriage, but by some not fully defined inconsistency on a set of requirements. The need to disclose uncertainties of this kind is typical for surface mounting technologies for printed circuit boards. The introduction of more and more advanced automatic optical inspections, containing the possibility of introducing intelligent (cybernetic) means, creates conditions for improving the quality of printed circuit boards as a “physical” environment. It is also important to minimize the “human factor”, the presence of which is still used when making decisions on the results of control. In the article, ensuring the rhythm of digital production and increasing the reliability of control in quality management in smart high-tech industries using the example of electronics production.

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on the Concept of Cyber-Physical System

Optimal operation of energy storage systems plays an important role in enhancing their lifetime and efficiency. This paper combines the concepts of the cyber–physical system (CPS) and multi-objective optimization into the control structure of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Owing to the time-varying characteristics of HESS, combining real-time data with physical models via CPS can significantly promote the performance of HESS. The multi-objective optimization model designed in this paper can improve the utilization of supercapacitors, reduce energy consumption, and prevent the state of charge (SOC) of HESS from exceeding the limitation. The new control scheme takes the characteristics of the components of HESS into account and is beneficial in reducing battery short-term power cycling and high discharge currents. The rain-flow counting algorithm is applied for battery life prediction to quantify the benefits of the HESS under the control scheme proposed. A much better power-sharing relationship between the supercapacitor and the lithium–ion battery (LiB) can be observed from the SIMULINK results and the case study with our new control scheme. Moreover, compared to the traditional low-pass filter control method, the battery lifetime is quantifiably increased from 3.51 years to 10.20 years while the energy efficiency is improved by 1.56%.

Use of virtual supply chain constructed by cyber-physical systems concept

This research project aims to provide a common methodology for constructing a virtual supply chain as a field to determine more appropriate action for each component enterprise. Describing method for an enterprise model including behavior description and sharing them as an enterprise e-catalog have been proposed. In this paper, the agent program codes for each enterprise are automatically generated from the retailer, manufacturer and supplier models selected from the e-catalogs, and the virtual supply chain is configured as a multi-agent system by connecting them. Test simulations are performed to verify whether this virtual supply chain operates correctly and produces appropriate results.

Cyberphysical system for controlling the movement of unmanned vehicles

The active development of unmanned vehicles, in control systems of which most of the currently created artificial intelligence technologies are used, from machine vision systems to decision-making in multi-criteria control tasks, has led to the emergence of such vehicles on public roads and, in fact, has become an objective reality of ours. life. In such a situation, the person driving needs additional information to drive safely. Currently, the road infrastructure is dynamically developing, forming into a developed distributed telecommunication system with accompanying services. And now it is increasingly associated with the concept of "intelligent transport system" (ITS), to which are connected automotive equipment subsystems, wireless communication subsystems, roadside equipment subsystems and a global navigation satellite system module. Unmanned vehicles, which are integrated into the road environment, form a single telecommunication system for controlling the movement of vehicles with it. Wireless technologies and digital models of road infrastructure are important components of such a system. The information technology concept, which implies the integration of computing resources into physical entities, in particular autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles, is called the concept of cyber-physical systems. The computational component in it is distributed throughout the system. The study of the possibility of constructing digital models of roads and road infrastructure with their subsequent intrasystem transfer between interacting objects is undoubtedly of considerable interest. At the research stage of the implementation of such a technology, it is important to analyze the possibility of building and deploying modern ITS, highlight the main problems associated with the visualization of digital ITS models, and propose ways to solve the tasks. As part of the study, an overview of modern wireless technologies and communication standards with the prospect of their application in the infrastructure of the road environment is given, foreign experience of deploying such systems, their features and limitations, is considered. The functional structure of the intelligent transport system is proposed. The results of modeling the road network (creating a digital model of roads) and the practical implementation of software for compiling local maps are presented. The developed software took into account the shortcomings of specialized products on the market, and also implemented the possibility of converting a digital model of roads into the MAPEM format. After preprocessing MAPEM files, they are placed on the server of the intelligent transport system, from where they are then sent via RSU. RSUs start broadcasting this information, and it goes to the unmanned vehicle, which, in turn, processes the received file and waits for a request to move. Upon receipt of such a request, it builds the trajectory of the path and starts moving. The techniques obtained as a result of the research were implemented and applied at the test site.

Analysis of Security Issues, Threats and Challenges in Cyber–Physical System for IoT Devices

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is one of the arising technologies which focuses on the communication and computation aspects with control and monitoring strategies. This new paradigm with the Internet of Things (IoT) prompted a new concept, the Internet of Cyber-Physical Things (IoCPT). The rapid expansion of CPS influences different perspectives in individuals' lifestyles which enables an extensive scope of applications include e-health, e-Transport, smart factory, smart home, e-Commerce, etc. The integration between the physical and cyber world results in a high-security breach. So, safety and security are the most challenging aspects related to CPS researchers. This paper gives an overview of CPS concepts, CPS architecture, various security issues, and threats related to CPS. Finally, the paper analysis the open research challenges in the field of CPS security.