Critical Concept Research Articles

Aristotelian Dramatic Theory Embodied: a Study of Hamartia, Anagorisis and Catharsis in Selected Shakespearian Tragedies

Objective: This research aims to explain the terms 'Hamartia', 'Anagorisis', and 'Catharsis' through the analysis of Shakespearian dramas, including examples from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, to make it more relevant for readers. Additionally. Theoretical Framework: The research also offers an important perspective on each topic discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of these critical literary concepts. Method: This term paper explores the variability of 'Hamartia', 'Anagnorisis', and 'Catharsis' and their various aspects. Results and Discussion: The accepted outcome is that readers will understand the manifestations and instances of those Aristotle's concepts in poetic works. Furthermore, this study poses a question, of whether "Anagnorisis" can be diversified, or if it is just a result of one state of feeling. Research Implications: Aristotle was a student of Plato’s who joined his academy at the age of 18 and contributed massively and abundantly in several fields, such as humanities, theatrical poetics. StudioBinder states that 'Aristotle’s Poetics is a foundational work of dramatic theory that outlines the fundamental principles of effective storytelling. Through his study of Greek tragedies, Aristotle identified key features as essential elements to evoke emotion within an audience and achieve a cathartic experience. By understanding Aristotle’s ideas on poetics, writers can create powerful stories that move and inspire audiences. Originality/Value: This term paper explains sufficiently the multiple aspects that Hamartia, Anagnorisis and Catharsis could be seen through. In addition, since Shakespearean tragedies are written in the renaissance era, fate has its main role in putting the characters under its influence.

Assessing chronic effects of chemical pollution on biodiversity using mean species abundance relationships.

Since chemical pollution poses a persistent threat to freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity, innovative methodologies are required to address the ecological risks associated with such pollutants. This study predicts the long-term impacts of chemicals based on an equation that describes the time-dependency of the median lethal and effect concentration (L(E)C50) with the Critical Body Residue concept. This way, the methodology can predict Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) for any given time point. The methodology was extended to predict the Mean Species Abundance Relationships (MSAR) as an indicator of biodiversity. To test and validate the methodology, data from a case study with six freshwater arthropods exposed short- and long-term to imidacloprid was used. The potentially affected fraction of species (PAF) and its opposite (1-PAF) was used to validate the MSAR framework itself. The accuracy of the predicted chronic median lethal concentration (LC50) values was species-dependent. However, except for one species, all predicted chronic LC50 values were within the 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of the fits based on only acute data. The mean differences between the predicted and calculated MSARs were between 2% and 6%. The predicted MSARs generally underestimated the impact of imidacloprid. However, all predicted MSARs were either similar or lower than the calculated 1-PAF, and their CIs covered the calculated MSARs. Thus, the study found that the presented methodology is useful for predicting the long-term effects of chemical pollutants.

Experiential Learning about Database Design in the MLIS Curriculum: Software and Instructional Design for Threshold Knowledge

With almost all MLIS and similar degree programs having a required course covering database design, it is critical to develop curriculum that engages students in learning essential concepts and how to implement designs. We report on a project that explored how essential knowledge about database design can be taught effectively through experiential learning activities involving collaborative groupwork and using database software to build small databases and search forms. The focus is an existing required introductory course on information retrieval system design, in which students learn about database design concepts and implement their designs in browser-based software, building the database structure, content, and search forms. They learn about critical concepts in database design, including eliciting user needs and requirements, prototyping, teamwork, and iterative testing and evaluation. The project had two aims: to select new database software to use as a learning tool in the course and to redesign course assignments so that learning experiences would be enhanced. The project led to important findings about the student learning experiences, to improvements in the curriculum, and to recommendations for educators involved in similar courses.

Robert Clewis and the Origins of Kant’s Conception of Aesthetics

Abstract Robert Clewis focuses on a number of different themes in Kant’s precritical and critical aesthetics in The Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics. Clewis carefully documents where Kant’s views on these themes are the same, where they are different, and why; yet his approach might give readers the impression that Kant lacks a unified conception of aesthetics. I show, on the contrary, that the method and sources Clewis employs also reveal the frameworks within which Kant addresses the themes that Clewis discusses in Origins; the consistencies in Kant’s precritical and critical conceptions of aesthetics; and the changes in his conception of aesthetics that we find in the third Critique.

Enhancing Medical Student Engagement Through Cinematic Clinical Narratives: Multimodal Generative AI-Based Mixed Methods Study.

Medical students often struggle to engage with and retain complex pharmacology topics during their preclinical education. Traditional teaching methods can lead to passive learning and poor long-term retention of critical concepts. This study aims to enhance the teaching of clinical pharmacology in medical school by using a multimodal generative artificial intelligence (genAI) approach to create compelling, cinematic clinical narratives (CCNs). We transformed a standard clinical case into an engaging, interactive multimedia experience called "Shattered Slippers." This CCN used various genAI tools for content creation: GPT-4 for developing the storyline, Leonardo.ai and Stable Diffusion for generating images, Eleven Labs for creating audio narrations, and Suno for composing a theme song. The CCN integrated narrative styles and pop culture references to enhance student engagement. It was applied in teaching first-year medical students about immune system pharmacology. Student responses were assessed through the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia and examination performance. The target audience comprised first-year medical students (n=40), with 18 responding to the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia survey (n=18). The study revealed a marked preference for the genAI-enhanced CCNs over traditional teaching methods. Key findings include the majority of surveyed students preferring the CCN over traditional clinical cases (14/18), as well as high average scores for triggered situational interest (mean 4.58, SD 0.53), maintained interest (mean 4.40, SD 0.53), maintained-feeling interest (mean 4.38, SD 0.51), and maintained-value interest (mean 4.42, SD 0.54). Students achieved an average score of 88% on examination questions related to the CCN material, indicating successful learning and retention. Qualitative feedback highlighted increased engagement, improved recall, and appreciation for the narrative style and pop culture references. This study demonstrates the potential of using a multimodal genAI-driven approach to create CCNs in medical education. The "Shattered Slippers" case effectively enhanced student engagement and promoted knowledge retention in complex pharmacological topics. This innovative method suggests a novel direction for curriculum development that could improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction in medical education. Future research should explore the long-term retention of knowledge and the applicability of learned material in clinical settings, as well as the potential for broader implementation of this approach across various medical education contexts.

Bangladesh: Balancing Sovereignty and Security in the Future of Maritime and Territorial Governance Under International Law

Objectives: This study examines the critical concepts of land and maritime sovereignty within international law, focusing on their evolution from Roman times to contemporary challenges posed by global maritime claims. Theoretical Framework: Anchored in principles of sovereignty and international legal structures, the study emphasizes the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as a cornerstone of maritime governance. Method: Through a qualitative analysis of legal texts, treaties, and case studies, the research evaluates the implications of UNCLOS in balancing sovereignty with global maritime interests, with a particular focus on Bangladesh’s context. Results and Discussion: The findings underscore the vital role of the ocean in global trade, carrying over 85% of international commerce. Despite the structured legal framework provided by UNCLOS, maritime disputes persist, revealing vulnerabilities of coastal states due to external geopolitical pressures and internal limitations. Bangladesh emerges as a case study, illustrating the need for enhanced international cooperation and legislative reforms to address these challenges. Research Implications: The study highlights the urgency for global recognition of coastal states' sovereign rights, advocating for balanced jurisdictional practices to protect territorial integrity and sustainably manage maritime resources. Originality/Value: By situating sovereignty concerns within the broader scope of UNCLOS and international law, the paper provides a nuanced understanding of the interplay between national sovereignty and global governance, offering valuable insights for policymakers and international legal scholars.

THE INTERSECTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ETHICS, INTERNAL AUDIT, AND BANKRUPTCY RISK MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

This study employs a mixed-methods approach to delve into the intricate interplay among corporate governance, bankruptcy risk, forensic accounting, internal auditing, and ethics. While prior research has highlighted the correlation between weak governance, increased bankruptcy risk, and ethical lapses, the synergies among these factors necessitate deeper investigation. The authors conducted a meticulous bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database, focusing on the realms of accounting, internal audit, forensics, bankruptcy, and ethics within the overarching domain of corporate governance. Emphasizing the importance of robust governance principles in mitigating risks in accounting, the study revealed a substantial coverage of resources across various disciplines, with accounting (54.6%) and ethics (25.1%) leading the distribution. The dataset, comprising 5990 resources from 495 publications cited 151,911 times spanning from 1978 to March 2024, serves as a valuable resource for scholars aiming to fortify organizational resilience by integrating critical concepts identified in this research.

Монголын боловсролын хөгжлийн философи үндэслэл

There has been growing needs to encourage competing thoughts, debates, cooperation and research works that support critical thoughts, ideas, concepts, approaches, doctrines, and philosophies on development of education in Mongolia.Nowadays, system inquiry is often regarded as systematic approach for educational development. System inquiry consists of three inter-related components including system theory, system philosophy, and system approach. System philosophy explains the universe from system view and employs system thinking as an approach to theoretical and real life problems.Itgel and his colleagues (2018, 2023, 2024) published serial articles, which put forward solutions to develop education in system approach. One of the main findings of these articles identified Mongolian education vision, values, learners’ profile employing qualitative and quantitative approach. Hence, the current article attempts to give a philosophical explanation to the above-mentioned findings. We Mongolians place greater emphasis on the beginning and root of anything as we attempt to identify its true meaning and nature. This can be easily observed in our language, culture and way of thinking. As it is traced back to the beginning of philosophy, we can find three concepts namely “ethos, eidos, praxis”.This study identified 47 possibilities for interactions of these three concepts. As it is conceptually mapped, “Mongolian education vision” can be coined as “ethos”, “Mongolian education values” can be coined as “eidos” and Mongolian learners’ profile can be coined as “praxis” as they are structured to contain one another. Although Mongolian education vision, values, and learners’ profile are identified having their own special characteristics, they are exactly consistent with the topological structure of the global education paradigm. Finally, the article offers three possibilities to expand the ideas of this study.

Brief Review of Current Research on Electrical Grids

Electrical grids play a crucial role in the global energy transition by providing reliable energy transport. They must accommodate the integration of decentralized renewable energy systems (RESs), which vary in scale, generation rates, and intermittency. Ensuring this integration requires modern grids with enhanced performance and reliability. Today, various types of electrical grids are undergoing modernization, especially with the rise of electric vehicles. Traditional power grids are being equipped with advanced solutions across transmission, sub-transmission, and distribution networks. This modernization also extends to microgrids, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and wide-area synchronous grids, contributing to the emergence of new concepts such as supergrids and smart grids. This paper reviews rapidly the current state of research on electrical grids development, emphasizing critical concepts related to grids modernization and intellectualization. It aims to serve researchers, academics, and utility engineers interested in the latest advancements in the field. The aim of this work is unique and has not been addressed before, as the topics related to electrical grids are dispersed throughout the literature in large quantity, but they have not been reviewed as a cohesive whole.

A brief overview of the therapeutic alliance: historical, theoretical and contemporary debates

The therapeutic alliance has a historical importance in psychiatry, especially in the effectiveness of psychotherapies. The therapeutic alliance is a critical concept that reflects the quality of the relationship between the patient and the therapist in the psychotherapy process and for many clinicians it is the main factor in the patient's recovery. While a strong alliance increases the success of the therapy, in cases of weak alliance, it is difficult to achieve therapeutic goals. Although different psychotherapy approaches position the concept of therapeutic alliance differently, in the future, in-depth exploration of the therapeutic alliance in different contexts and populations will contribute to the scientific knowledge in this field. The therapeutic alliance is a valuable concept not only in psychotherapy, but also in every field of psychiatry, and even wherever there is a physician-patient relationship. In this article, the therapeutic alliance is examined in the historical process, its importance in psychotherapy is discussed, and the prevention of rupture or what to do in case of rupture is explained.

“With whose blood were my eyes crafted?” Critical Concepts of Seeing, Knowing, and Remembering in Philip Scheffner’s and Merle Kröger’s Havarie (2016)

“With whose blood were my eyes crafted?” Critical Concepts of Seeing, Knowing, and Remembering in Philip Scheffner’s and Merle Kröger’s Havarie (2016)

Folk Paradigms of Justice in Commemoration and Heritage in the Postcolonial Netherlands: A Vignette Study among Opinion Leaders

ABSTRACT This study contributes to understanding how commemoration and heritage constitute part of a broader struggle for justice in the postcolonial Netherlands. By means of vignette-based interviews with opinion leaders, we investigated how folk paradigms of justice inform discussions about the role of statues in commemorative practices. Embedded in Nancy Frasers’ tripartite model of justice as redistribution, recognition, and representation, the study shows how opinion leaders of different political persuasion prioritize different conceptions of justice. Our findings indicate that resistance toward societal change coincides with a liberal understanding of justice, which is reflected in a tendency to disparage grievances and claims that relate to recognition and representation. However, critical theoretical conceptions of justice that highlight the importance of recognition and representation have an emancipatory potential, as they can validate the grievances of groups that are socially or economically marginalized.

Problems with the Right to Legitimacy

This article examines the critical concept of legitimacy within political systems, with a focus on constitutional legitimacy and the judicial role in upholding this principle. By integrating theoretical insights and contemporary case studies, the discussion elucidates the complex interplay between power, authority, and legitimacy. Key themes include the judiciary's function in enforcing the rule of law and ensuring government actions comply with constitutional mandates, as well as the challenges posed by political polarization, misinformation, and external pressures. The analysis underscores the importance of maintaining uniformity and predictability in judicial decisions to foster public trust and support the legitimacy of the entire political system. Modern responses to enhance transparency and public engagement are also explored to address these evolving challenges. This comprehensive study highlights the dynamic nature of legitimacy, advocating for continual adaptation of legal and constitutional frameworks to align with societal values and expectations.

Influence of school type on senior secondary school physics students’ learning difficulties and misconceptions about electricity in Ondo West Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria

This study investigates the influence of school type on senior secondary school physics students' learning difficulties and misconceptions regarding electricity in Ondo West Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 300 students across 20 schools, equally divided between public and private institutions, using the Simple Electric Circuit Diagnostic Test (SECDT). The findings reveal that misconceptions about electricity are widespread, with significant percentages of students struggling with fundamental concepts such as current flow and circuit arrangement. Notably, the analysis indicates that school type significantly affects students' difficulties with electricity concepts, as those in private schools exhibited higher difficulty mean scores compared to their public school counterparts. These insights highlight the need for targeted educational interventions that address misconceptions and leverage culturally relevant teaching methods to improve physics education outcomes. The study underscores the importance of understanding the educational context to enhance teaching practices and bridge gaps in students' comprehension of critical scientific concepts.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR NON TRADITIONAL MARITIME SECUIRTY

The discussion that arose around the Security Studies study area following the conclusion of the Cold War provides a useful foundation for understanding this intellectual tradition. "Military power is the central focus of the field," according to Stephen Walt, who was merely restating the discipline's conventional wisdom. Walt contended that despite efforts to broaden the definition of security, the subject would not benefit from losing its "intellectual coherence," given its sensitivity to the internal reasoning behind the field's development. His warning to scholars in the domain to furnish the prerequisites of the scientific canon demonstrated his devotion to science as a philosophical approach to study political life. This was seen as a call for "public documentation of theoretical and empirical claims, unbiased measurement of critical concepts, and careful and consistent use of terms."1 Thus, the demands of Security Studies were understood to expressly legitimise a pragmatic instrumental social engineering tendency. Since state survival was ultimately what mattered, the national security issue remained at the centre of the endeavour. Walt thought that people who oppose constrictive security measures should likewise direct their investigation towards this goal, rather than only those in positions of authority. In order to grasp his perspective on this issue, it is helpful to note that '[t]he steadfast conviction that those opposed to war ought not to research Comparing national security to trying to treat cancer by not studying medicine and letting tobacco firms be the only ones conducting research on the illness. Walt effectively indicates that it is worthwhile to investigate other perspectives on security, but he ultimately returns to his main concern of "under what conditions should states employ military force and for what purposes?" Keywords: Theoretical framework, non-traditional maritime security threat

“When He Comes, He Will Be Like an Englishman”: Space, Spy Fiction, and Englishness in Michael Ondaatje’s Warlight

ABSTRACT This paper examines the appropriation of the spy fiction genre in Michael Ondaatje’s Warlight by means of a spatial approach. By adopting and at times subverting spy fiction tropes, Ondaatje’s novel voices a postcolonial critique of British geopolitical power and restrictive conceptualizations of Englishness. Warlight exploits the overlap between postwar and Brexit discourses on the b/ordering of Britain, enabling its critique to pertain to both contexts. The novel adheres to spy fiction depictions of London as a center of geopolitical power but questions the morality of exertions of this power. The Suffolk countryside functions as a means for the novel to address and challenge the notion of Englishness and the spy as its embodiment. The text exposes supposedly quintessential elements of Englishness as constructs and in so doing critiques restrictive views on Englishness and the b/ordering of Britain. Warlight’s focalization on a spy protagonist who feels most at home in Other spaces champions the value of acknowledging and relishing the heterogeneity central to Britain’s make-up.

Building the Medical Lexicon: A Corpus-Based Approach to Optimising Medical Terminology Acquisition for Pre-Health Science Students

Pre-health science students, especially those learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), encounter substantial challenges in acquiring medical vocabulary, as they must master specialised terminology while developing general English proficiency. This study addresses this issue by proposing a frequency-based, corpus-driven approach to streamline medical vocabulary acquisition and reduce cognitive load. Focusing on the skeletal system chapter of a medical textbook, the research categorises terms into four groups—foundational, intermediate, advanced, and deferred—based on their frequency and relevance within medical discourse. Using Sketch Engine as the primary corpus tool for analysis, high-frequency terms are prioritised in early instruction to build a strong foundation, while more complex terms are introduced incrementally to support progressive knowledge development. Rare, highly technical terms are deferred to advanced stages, ensuring students engage with essential terminology at appropriate learning points. The study provides a practical, data-driven framework adaptable across other medical domains, offering a scalable model to enhance EFL students’ vocabulary acquisition. By aligning instruction with frequency-based categories, educators can better manage students' learning burden, promote retention, and ensure mastery of critical concepts, while also guiding curriculum planning to foster gradual and structured learning progression.

The challenges to detect, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in the current antiretroviral era

Abstract A major barrier to cure HIV is the early generation of viral reservoirs in tissues. These viral reservoirs can contain intact or defective proviruses, but both generates low levels of viral proteins contribute to chronic bystander damage even in the ART era. Most viral reservoir detection techniques are limited to blood-based, reactivation, and sequencing assays that lack spatial properties to examine the contribution of the host’s microenvironment to latency and cure efforts. Currently, little is known about the contribution of the microenvironment to viral reservoir survival, residual viral expression, and associated inflammation. Only a few spatiotemporal techniques are available, and fewer integrate spatial genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics into the analysis of the viral reservoir microenvironment-all essential components to cure HIV. During the development of these spatial techniques, many considerations need to be included in the analysis to avoid misinterpretation. This manuscript tries to clarify some critical concepts in viral reservoir detection by spatial techniques and the upcoming opportunities for cure efforts.

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

Indian ancient traditional knowledge system is unique and has many roots of learning relevant to any time. It has evolved, and different chapters of ancient Indian Knowledge are classified into various sections. It has its history. Recently, interest in diagnosing such Knowledge to find out the most relevant forever is increasing and is necessary for sustainability. That would help us to improve our efforts to enhance human welfare. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the nature and history of those Knowledge, philosophy and values related to human welfare. Such an attempt to analyze the history of the ancient Indian knowledge system is made in this paper. The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the ancient Indian knowledge system and related philosophy relevant to human welfare. The paper reviews different sections of the ancient Indian knowledge system, the associated philosophy, and how they evolved. Indian ancient Knowledge and education system was strongly built by philosophy for human welfare. In fact, it was more concerned with seven Janmas (Births) rather than the current living in the world. The Indian knowledge system had two critical concepts, Jnana and Ajnana which may be referred to as concurrent with Vedanta and Vyavahara (Business). All these issues are discussed in the paper. KEY WORDS: Ancient Knowledge, Birth and Rebirth, Vedanta and Business, Philosophy

Affective (counter)publics as a critical concept: rethinking affective publics from the history of Chinese Americans in the Exclusion Era

Affective (counter)publics as a critical concept: rethinking affective publics from the history of Chinese Americans in the Exclusion Era